Enye yemifino ewusizo kakhulu futhi ehlwabusayo, yebo, i-tomato. Iphupho ngalinye elihlala ehlobo lokukhuphula izithelo ezinkulu, ezinomsoco, ezihlwabusayo nezomnandi. Lapho ukhula utamatisi ezimweni zokushisa, isivuno siningi futhi sinezinga eliphezulu.
Yiqiniso, ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle ekukhuleni, kuzodingeka ukuthi ulandele ngokuqinile imithetho yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Okulandelayo, tshela izimfihlo zezamatamatisi ezikhulayo kanye nezici zokunakekelwa kwazo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ze-polycarbonate.
Izinzuzo zezinto ze-polycarbonate
Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zePolcarbonate zithandwa ngabalimi.Phela, banezinzuzo eziningi uma kuqhathaniswa nezijwayelekile. Umehluko phakathi kwabo lungalandelwa kanje.
- I-Polycarbonate ikuvumela ukwakha ukushisa okuluhlaza kunoma yiluphi uhlobo, njengoba luguquguquka futhi lukhululekile, olungenakutsholwa kwezinye izinto. Kulula ukusebenzisana nalo, ngoba kulula ukusika futhi ukugoqa ngaphandle kokulimala.
- Lezi zinto azikhiphi futhi azifaki ngehla lokushisa elibukhali, ngokungafani, isibonelo, kusuka ekhanda nefilimu.
- Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zePolcarbonate zithembekile futhi zihlala njalo - zingakwazi ukugcina iminyaka engama-20. Uma ifreyimu ye-greenhouse ihlanganiswa nefilimu, khona-ke impilo yayo yokusebenza ngaphandle kokulimala ingaphezulu kweminyaka emibili.
Kungenzeka yini ukutshala utamatisi onjalo?
Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokutamatisi ezikhulayo yi-greenhouse eyenziwe nge-polycarbonate yeselula. Unenzuzo eminingi:
Imisebe yelanga ayifuni kakhulu ukushisa okunjalo, ngoba yonke indawo yendawo isuke ibalahle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo azitholi ukushisa futhi imisebe ye-ultraviolet ye-spectrum eyingozi ayidluliswanga.- I-cellular material igcina isimo esihle sokushisa samatamatisi, ngokuvikeleka ivikela ama-frosts entwasahlobo kanye nezinhlekelele ezihlukahlukene zezulu.
- Ukubukeka okukhangayo.
Imisebe yelanga ayifuni kakhulu ukushisa okunjalo, ngoba yonke indawo yendawo isuke ibalahle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo azitholi ukushisa futhi imisebe ye-ultraviolet ye-spectrum eyingozi ayidluliswanga.Izinkinga zihlanganisa izikhathi ezinjalo:
- Ngesikhathi esifanele i-polycarbonate yombala elangeni ilishisa, futhi esobala siba nodaka.
- Ngezinguquko ekushiseni, izinto zinciphisa futhi zanda, uma ungazicabangeli le nkinga uma usika futhi ungenzi ukugcinwa kokunwetshwa, khona-ke ezindaweni zokuzibophezela futhi uphahla ukushisa kungaphahla ebusika.
- Ukubuka i-polycarbonate ayizinzile.
Kubalulekile. Izinkinga ekutshalweni utamatisi kuleso sakhiwo sokushisa kungenziwa kuphela uma ukwephulwa kwezinga lokushisa futhi kumswakama ophezulu. Lokhu kumele kulandelwe eduze.
Okulandelayo kungahlukaniswa Izici okufanele zicatshangelwe uma zikhula ukuze uthole isivuno esihle sotamatisi:
- Kungcono ukuthola izinhlobo zokutshala izivunguvungu.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi ungena egumbini.
- Ungavumeli ukunciphisa ukwakha ku-greenhouse.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ongazikhetha?
Uma ukhetha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamatamatisi we-carbonate greenhouse kudingeka uzinake izimfanelo ezinjalo:
- Ukuzivocavoca.
- Ikhono lokukhula kwesinye isiqu.
- Izifo zokuphikisa.
- Amandla okuphatha kalula umswakama owedlulele.
Ungakhetha ukukhula njengamatamatisi omisiwe futhi omude, ukuvuthwa kokuqala naphakathi. Okuthandwa kakhulu yizinhlobo ezilandelayo.
Mikado pink
Izithelo ezinkulu ze-pink (kufika ku-600 g) zokusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke, lesi sitshalo sifinyelela kumamitha amabili, sinomkhuhlane omuhle kakhulu. Ngesihlahla esisodwa singakwazi ukuqoqa izithelo ezingaphezu kuka-5 kg.
Izithelo zomvini ezimhlophe
Izithelo zokunambitheka okuhle, okuphakathi. Ukuvuna kuyinto eside futhi iningi.
INkosi yamakhosi
Lesi sithelo esikhulu sifinyelela ku-1 kg, okuhlwabusayo kanye namanzi. Ukuphikiswa kokubola nokulimala okuphelile, kufikela ukuphakama kwe-1.8 m.
F1 junior
I-Ultra yokuqala ye-hybrid ehlukahlukene, izithelo zombala obomvu obomvu, enesisindo esingaba ngu-100 g. Isihlahla sikhula sibe ngu-50 - 60 cm ukuphakama.
Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi we-greenhouse evela kuvidiyo:
Uzoqala kuphi?
Kakade ekwindla kudingekile ukuthi uqale ukulungiselela ukushisa okwakusetshenziselwa isivuno esizayo. Kungenzeka ukusabalalisa wonke umsebenzi ngezigaba:
- Ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi, i-oda isungulwa: zonke iziqongqo kanye nezinsalela zika utamatisi zisuswa ngokucophelela.
- Zonke izakhiwo zigezwa ngamanzi (mhlawumbe nge-sese).
- Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngesisombululo se-disinfectant.
Kubalulekile! Ingxenye yomsebenzi ingenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ukhule utamatisi, kodwa kufanele uhlanza u-greenhouse ekwindla.
Izinyathelo zokulungiselela
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
- Ekuwa, inhlabathi igcwala isisombululo se-sulfate, umanyolo usetshenzisiwe futhi konke kuguguliwe.
- Ngentwasahlobo cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi kufanele ilashwe ngesisombululo sethusi sulfate, engeza izinkuni ash kanye nosawoti we-potassium.
- Sola kancane ukhulule futhi udale imigqa, ushiye okungenani okungama-60 cm.
- Ngemuva nje kwesonto, inhlabathi idinga ukuphathwa ngamalungiselelo ephilayo: "Baikal-M", "Fitosporin" noma "Trichodermin".
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Inqubo:
- Cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu utamatisi, udinga ukukhipha amagciwane emabhokisini okulimala bese uwagcwalisa ngomhlabathi olungiselelwe, kuhle ukuwachitha.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu kufanele ibambe imizuzu engu-20 kwisisombululo se-Fitosporin-M, bese isesimweni sokukhula (noma yikuphi).
- Sakaza imbewu ibe emifudlana encane (cishe u-1.5 cm ejulile), ufefaze kancane umhlabathi bese umboza ngefilimu phezulu. Ukushisa kwe-air kuyinto efiselekayo yokugcina hhayi ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-22.
- Lapho nje amahlumela eqala ukuvela, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele lihlehliswe kancane (kuya kuma-degrees angu-18).
- Ifilimu idinga ukuvulwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ngokushesha nje lapho iningi lembewu likhuphuka, bese uyikhipha ngokuphelele.
- Ngo-Ephreli, ukuqina kwezimbewu kuqala, konke kwenziwa kancane kancane. Okokuqala, iwindi livula isikhathi esifushane, kancane kancane lesi sikhathi sanda. Ukukhipha amabhokisi wezithombo ebhodini noma i-veranda ingaba lokushisa kwangaphandle kwamazinga angu-12.
Khetha
Udinga ukudonsa cishe ngesonto (noma eyodwa nesigamu) emva kokuhluma. Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo zibe yisitsha esiphelele kakhulu esenziwe ngokucophelela, ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhumba somhlaba.
Ukunisela nokudla
Ukunisela kumele kuqaphele kakhulu - ngaphansi kwempande namanzi afudumele. Ukunisela kumele kube kanye njalo emva kwezinsuku eziyisihlanu nezinsuku ezingu-7.
Yondla izithombo kungaba cishe isonto emva kokukhetha. Umquba womanyolo u-Agricol uthandwa kakhulu, udinga ukusebenzisa emva kokuphuza.
Ukulondla kuyinto enhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa ithuluzi le "Athlete" (ngeke livumele izitshalo ukuthi lilula futhi liqinise uhlelo oluyimpande kahle), noma "Ezempilo", "Eziqinisiwe", njll.
Indlela yokutshala kabusha endaweni yokushisa?
Baqala ukufakelwa kabusha ku-greenhouse ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kanti izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi (ngaphakathi) kufanele libe ngama-degree angama-15. Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zinemibala yazo yokutshala:
- Ngaphansi (nge-stem eyodwa) Izitshalo zitshalwe kude ku-25 cm kusuka komunye nomunye, phakathi kwemigqa - 45 cm.
- Ngaphansi (ngokuqinile kakhulu) Izihlahla zihlwanyela kahle kakhulu (40 kuya ku 40 cm).
- Ubude Okufanelekile, utamatisi kufanele futhi atshalwe ngendlela ehlehlisiwe, kodwa ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe okungenani u-75 cm, futhi phakathi kwehlathi-okungenani ngu-60 cm.
Inqubo yokufakelwa kabusha ngokwayo iyenzeka ngale ndlela: isitshalo ngasinye sithathwe kanye ne-clod yomhlaba bese senyukela emgodini (ngaphambili ochithe ngamanzi).
Qaphela! Akunakwenzeka ukujula ngokujulile amahlumela, ngaphandle kwalokho kungenzeka kuphela izitshalo ezinengi.
Izigaba eziyinhloko zokulima kusuka ku-A kuya ku-Z
Izigaba eziyinhloko zingahlukaniswa kanje:
- Ukuhlwanyela imbewu.
- Izithombo ezikhulayo.
- Izithombo zokufakelwa ezitsheni zokushisa.
- Ukubopha kanye nokugcoba utamatisi endaweni yokushisa.
- Utamatisi wokuvotela.
- Ukunisela nokudla.
- Ukuvuna nokugcina.
Okudingekayo
Umswakama
I-greenhouse kumele ihlale yomoya ngomoya ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kungabikho ukuqina kwamanzi, lokhu kungabhubhisa utamatisi. Ukugcina umswakama kumele kube sezingeni lika 65 - 75%.
Ukushisa
Ngaphakathi kwebamba lokushisa, izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe ngaphakathi kwe-20-22 degrees futhi liphakeme kancane (ngo-3-5 degrees) ngesikhathi sokuvuna utamatisi.
Ungalungisa izinga lokushisa elihle njengoba kudingeka:
- ngokusebenzisa umoya;
- inhlabathi evuthayo (usebenzisa izinto zokumboza);
- umoya ovuthayo - ungafaka ifreyimu phezu kwezitshalo bese ulula ifilimu, ngaleyo ndlela ukwandisa izinga lokushisa.
Masking
I-Pysynki idinga ukususwa, ngoba ngenxa yabo isitshalo kuphela siyidla amandla. Lezi zihlangothini ziphuma emahlathini asemagqabini angakhula kakhulu, avule wonke ama-shrub futhi aphuze ukuvuthwa kwamatamatisi. Kungcono ukuphuza ekuseni, ubude begatsha kufanele bube ngu-8 cm. Ungayisusa ngezikhali, noma ungamane uvele uphendule ngesandla sakho.
Ukukhanyisa
Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zePolcarbonate zinesithunzi esiphakeme kakhulu - zinokubonakala okuphezulu. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, namanje ukuhlanganisa okunjalo akulakali, Ukuze utamatisi, usuku lokukhanya kufanele lugcine amahora angu-12-15. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukufaka ukukhanyisa okungeziwe kumklamo, ngenkathi ukhetha izibani ngokukhanya okungathathi hlangothi.
Izimfihlo zokuvuna okuhle
Inqubo yokutamatisi ekhulayo ezimweni ezinjalo inezinkolelo zayo kanye nama-nuances.
Izimfihlo zokuthola umphumela oyifunayo:
- Ukuze ukhethe indawo efanelekile yendawo yesakhiwo, akumele kuthunjiswe izakhiwo nezihlahla.
- Kuyadingeka ukuba usule njalo izindonga zelungelo lokushisa elivela ku-condensate.
- Khetha imbewu ephelele.
- Kumele ukwelaphe futhi uphilise i-disinfect inhlabathi kanye nayo yonke indawo yesakhiwo.
- Londoloza i-microclimate ekhululekile.
Ngenxa yalokho, singaphetha ngokuthi ukutshala utamatisi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ze-polycarbonate yiyona inqubo enzima kakhulu. Kodwa sebewamukele isivuno sokuqala samatamatisi abo asetshenzisiwe, kakade akunakwenzeka ukushiya le nqubo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuzuzisa ukukhetha imbewu ngendlela efanele, ukucubungula izithombo bese uqhuba uhla oluphelele lwezinyathelo ezidingekayo ze-agrotechnical.
