I-Holstein ukuzalwa kwezinkomo

Ngokuvamile, izinkomo zigcinwa emapulazini ezolimo ukukhiqiza ubisi.

Ngokwemvelo, lokhu akuyona yodwa inhloso yalezi zinkomo ezingagcinwa, kodwa inenzuzo kakhulu futhi izinzile. Ekuphileni komuntu, imikhiqizo yobisi iyingxenye yokudla kwansuku zonke, ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo yobisi ezibalulekile ezilandelanayo ukungena emzimbeni womuntu.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, lezi zilwane zaziswa kakhulu kunalokho okwamanje, kodwa ngisho nanamuhla abantu bayabalula. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko uzofunda mayelana nezinhlobo ezinjalo zezinkomo njengeHolstein noma njengoba kuthiwa Holstein-Friesian.

Izimfanelo kanye nezimpawu eziyinhloko zezinkomo zeHolstein

Ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukuchaza lolu hlobo, sizokutshela indaba yayo. Izwe lakithi lezinkomo yi Holland. Kodwa wathola ukuthandwa kwakhe kakhulu kanye nezimfanelo eziphakeme emazweni anjengeMelika neCanada.

Owaqala ukuzala izinkomo ze-Holstein waba yi-Winsrop Chenery. Umlando wohlobo lwaseMelika kanje: W. Cheneri, emuva ngo-1852, wathenga inkabi yaseDutch kumphathi wamkhumbi waseNetherlands. Ngenxa yezici zayo ezikhiqizayo eziphezulu, lolu hlobo luye lwavame kakhulu eNyakatho Melika.

Ngokungafani namazwe aseYurophu eMelika naseCanada, ukunakwa okuningi kwakhokhelwa ukuzaliswa kwezinhlanga ezimnyama nabomhlophe, abalimi bazama ukuthuthukisa ukuzalwa.

Ngo-March 1871, kwasungulwa umphakathi okhethekile weHolstein-Friesian. U.Chenery waba yinhloko yalo mphakathi. Futhi emva konyaka wemisebenzi yale nhlangano, uhlanga lwaseHolstein lwalutshelwa emazweni ayishumi nambili, futhi ngonyaka ofanayo, ngo-1872, incwadi yokuqala mayelana nohlobo lweHolstein-Friesian lanyatheliswa. Uhlobo lwe-Holstein kuphela lwaqala ukubizwa kusukela ngo-1983.

Ukuqondiswa kwentuthuko yalolu hlobo kuyisibisi.

Ngemva kokusebenza isikhathi eside, ababelethi bakwazi ukuthola uhlobo oluhlukile ngobukhulu balo, isisindo, umthethosisekelo, futhi nokwandisa umkhiqizo wohlobo. Ngolwazi oluthe xaxa ngakho konke lokhu uzofunda ngezansi.

Ngalesi sikhathi I-Holstein i-breed yiyohlobo oludume kakhulu eMelika naseCanada, naseYurophu.

Indlela yokuthola uhlanga lwe-Holstein futhi ungenzi iphutha uma uthenga?

Izinkomo ezivamile kunazo zonke zaseHolstein zinomnyama futhi zihlukile, zinamabala amnyama ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene., kodwa kunezinhlobo ezingavamile zombala omnyama, kodwa nokho kukhona umhlophe emsila, emilenzeni, engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba naseduze kwekhanda. Kukhona izinkomo zohlobo oluchazwe umbala obomvu-motley, kodwa ukuwabona kuyisimo esihle kakhulu.

Izinhlobonhlobo eziyinhloko zezinhlobo zohlobo nobukhulu bayo:

• Isisindo esilinganisweni somuntu oyedwa wesithole esidala sisuka ku 600 kuya ku-700 kg, kodwa kungenzeka futhi ukwandise le datha uma ugcina izinkomo ezimweni ezinhle.
• Ukuphakama kwenkomo endala ekubundeni kungamamitha angu-143.
• Isisindo esilinganisweni senkunzi eyodwa endala ifinyelela ku-1200 kg, kodwa lokhu akuyona umkhawulo uma kugcinwe ezimweni ezivikelwe.
• Ukuphakama kwezinkunzi akufani kakhulu nokuphakama kwezinkukhu futhi kungaba ngu-160 cm.
• Isisindo senkomo encane sihluka kusuka ku-38 kuya kuma-43 kg, kanti isisindo esilinganisweni senkunzi esanda kuzalwa singama-47 kg.
• Uhlobo lwe-Holstein lungahlukaniswa nabanye ngesifuba esijulile, ubukhulu balo buvela ku-82 kuya ku-87 cm.
• Ubukhulu obujwayelekile besibindi se-chest Holstein ukhula kusukela ku-62 ukuya kuma-66 cm.
• Usayizi womzimba ngemuva uhluka kusuka kumamitha angu-60 kuya kwangu-63. Le ngxenye yomzimba ide, iqondile futhi ibanzi ngokwanele.
• Umthethosisekelo womndeni unamandla ngokwanele.

Uhlobo lweHolstein-Friesian lungaphezu kwezihlobo zalo ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezisesisindo somzimba, ukukhiqiza, ubukhulu bomzimba, ubuciko nezinye izinkomba eziningi.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinzalo, ukuzalwa kwe-Holstein ezimweni zokuqukethwe okuhle kungabonisa ukwanda komkhiqizo, futhi lolu hlobo lubuye luzibonele kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zobisi hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa nasezweni lethu.

Yikuphi umdanso onamakhomo we-golshtinskih

Njengoba sikhuluma ngohlobo lwezinkomo zobisi, ingxenye ebalulekile yalesi sihloko yichaza ukulima kwenkomo.

Ukuma kwesilwane seenkomo seHolstein kufana nokugqoka. Ibonakala ngevolumu enkulu. Ubude bubanzi futhi bunamathela kakhulu odongeni lwesisu.

Uhlu lwamazinga aluhlaza kusuka ku-38.5 kuya kumaphesenti angu-61.3.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ukhiqizwa ubisi kwenkomo ngayinye ngosuku, ngokukhwa kabili, kufinyelela kuma-kilogram ayi-65, kodwa lokhu akuwona umkhawulo.

Isivinini esivamile sokulahla sisuka ku-3.20 kuya ku-3.50 kilograms ngomzuzu.

Izinkomo zohlobo oluchazwe zilungiswa kahle ukuze zikhishwe ngosizo lwemishini.

Amandla nobuthakathaka

Izici ezithandekayo zokuqukethwe kwe-Holstein zizaliswa:

• Uhlobo lwe-Holstein ngumnikazi werekhodi lokukhiqiza ubisi. Inkokhelo enkulu yobisi ngayinye ngezinsuku ezingu-305 kwaba ngo-1983 futhi yayingamathani angaphezu kuka-25.
• Uhlobo lwe-Holstein luyimpumelelo futhi lufakwe kahle. Ngokweminyaka, izinkomo nesigamu isisindo sakhe singu-360 kg futhi sesivele siswetshiwe.
• Uhlangothi oluhle kulolu hlobo luwuhlobo lwe-genotype yalo ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlanga obumnyama nomhlophe.
• Izinkomo zaseHolstein zinamandla kakhulu, ezithinta kakhulu ukukhiqiza kwazo.
• Uhlobo luhamba kahle kakhulu ngokushintsha isimo sezulu.
• Uhlangothi oluhle lohlobo luyinzuzo ephakeme yansuku zonke.
• Lolu hlobo lwezinkomo luyaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
• Ziyamelana nezifo.

Ubuthakathaka balobu buhlanga yilokhu:

• Izinkomo zohlobo oluchazwe zizwela kakhulu ezimweni ezicindezelayo, okungeke kube nomthelela omuhle ekukhiqizeni.
• Ngaphambi kokuthenga lo mhlanga kufanele uqaphele ukucabangela kobubele ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Lolu hlobo luhlanzekile kakhulu, ludinga ukuhlanzeka njalo, hhayi ukuhambisana nalezi zidingo, izinkomo ziyakwazi ukutheleleka.
• Olunye uhlangothi olungathandeki kulesi sizwe lulokudla kokudla. Ebusika, kumele bondliwe ngemifino, ummbila nesidlo se-soya. Futhi ehlobo, badinga ukudla okuluhlaza okwezinga eliphezulu.
• Uma ufuna ukusindisa, lo mhlobo ungcono ukungawuthenge, ngoba awunayo imali ngokwempilo nokulondeka.

Izinkomba eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza nokuzala kwe-Holsteins

Ngokuphathelene nobisi ukukhiqizwa kwalesi sizwe, cishe akukho okulinganayo. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, lolu hlobo lube ngowokuqala ekukhiqizeni ubisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikazi werekhodi wase-Burenka unikeza ubisi amafutha amaningi.

Umkhiqizo ojwayelekile uwu-9000 kg wobisi, 336 kg wamafutha kanye ne-295 kg amaprotheni.

Ukuzala kwalesi sizwe nakho kuhle futhi kubalwa ngamathole angu-83-90 ngamadoda angu-100.

Ukuze kukhishwe ubisi unomphela, kuyadingeka ukuthi inkomo imayelana nokusatshalaliswa cishe ngonyaka. Ngenxa yobisi obugcwele ubisi besikhathi ubisi banda, futhi futhi, amathole azalwa. Kungase kuqaphele ukuthi lolu hlobo lunomsoco omuhle futhi, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe ngamathole angu-83-90 ngezinkomo ezingu-100.

Izici zenyama zohlobo zihle kakhulu. Ukuhlatshwa kwezivuno kungamaphesenti angu-50-55.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi yokuzala kwalolu hlobo, izinkomo eziningi zokukhulisa irekhodi zavezwa: eMelika, ngonyaka we-lactation, ama-27430 kilograms ebisi atholakala enkambeni yakwaRein Mark Zinh. Ezweni elifanayo kusuka ezinkabeni zikaLinda 28735 kg zobisi.

Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yiphesenti ephakeme yenyama enomzimba.

Izici ezithandekayo zokuzalanisa ubuhlanga:

• • I-plus iyindlela elula yokuthola inkomo. Izinkomo ezimweni ezingu-91% azidingi usizo lomuntu.
• • Isici esihle sokuzala kwesintu kungukuthi kuyingozi kakhulu.