Esimweni sethu, ukufuywa kwemfuyo noma izinkukhu kungenye yamagatsha amaningi kwezolimo.
Kodwa ukuze ukhule inyoni enempilo udinga ukuqapha izimo zabo zokuboshwa.
Inzuzo yakho ngokuqondile ixhomeke kulo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izifo eziningi zixhomeke ekudleni okufanele kanye ne-microclimate.
Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, ungathuthukisa izimo zezindlu nokudla kwezinkukhu. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezifo ezinkukhunjulwa izinkukhu, mayelana nokuqapha, kanye nokwelashwa kwezinkukhu ezinesifo.
Izifo ze-chick zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:
- Eyokuqala yilapha isifo esithathelwanayo, esingaba nesifo esithathelwanayo futhi esiyingozi.
- Owesibili awunasabele.
Ukuze uthole lesi sifo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile. hlola izinkukhu. Ngesikhathi kuhlolwa kubalulekile ukunaka: isimo sezimpaphe, umlomo womlomo kanye nekhanda elimangele lamehlo.
Isifo Sokuphuza
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zezifo ezinjalo yizimo zezinyoni nokudla kwazo.
I-Hypothermia noma i-hypothermia intsha
Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila kwezinkukhu, uhlelo lwe-thermoregulation alusebenzi kahle kubo, ngakho-ke badinga ukufudumala. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, kuba kubanda, ngenxa yalokho izinkukhu zihlangana ngamapulangwe futhi zihlasele, zikhuphuke ukuze zifudumale, futhi ngenxa yalokho zingase zife.
Izimpawu: Izinkukhu azihambisani kakhulu, izifo zokuphefumula ziqala ukuhlasela, futhi ukudumazeka kwamathumbu ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala. Lapho izinkukhu zingaphezu kwenyanga ubudala, ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwazo kuyayeka, imifula yabo iyoba nzima.
Ukwelapha: Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhambisa abafana ekamelweni elifudumele, bese uwathululela isiphuzo esifudumele, emva kwalokho inyoni iqala ukufudumala nokuphulukisa. Ukuvimbela: udinga ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lomoya ekamelweni, ukugwema ama-drafts.
Hyperthermia noma ukushisa
Ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa emoyeni nakho kubi kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinkukhu. Ukufudumala kungase kwenzeke ekuhambeni kwezinyoni uma kuvezwe elangeni. Ukushisa ngokukhethekile ikakhulukazi kungabikho kwamachibi
Izimpawu: Ukwesibhakabhaka nokwehla kwesibhakabhaka, ukungabi nesifiso sokudla, ukuthukuthela.
Ukwelapha: ukwelashwa, susa umthombo wokushisa.
Ukuvimbela: gcina inhlanzi encane emthunzini, kanti izinkukhu kumele zikwazi ukufinyelela njalo emanzini.
I-Atrophy yesisu esiswini
Isizathu salesi sifo sondla amaphuphu ngemifino efanayo ye-mealy, futhi futhi uma kungekho greydi ku-feeder. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sibonakala ezinkukhu ezineminyaka eyodwa kuya kwezinyanga ezintathu.
Izimpawu: ukukhanga kakhulu emanzini, ukudla ukudla ngaso sonke isikhathi, kudoti ungabona ukudla okungapheli, ukulahlekelwa isisindo.
Ukwelapha: Uma ukwelashwa, okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe kuqaliswa ekudleni, kanye nehluzo.
Ukuvimbela: udinga ukondla izinkukhu ukudla okuphakeme kuphela, ngenkathi ubanika utshani oqoshiwe izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Ukuzithoba noma ukucindezeleka emncane
Lesi sifo sibonakala ngesikhathi sezinkukhu cishe inyanga, ngokudla okungenamsoco, ukuwaphuza ngamanzi ampofu, ngenkathi ubondla ukudla okunzima futhi okulukhuni, ngokuntuleka kwamavithamini ekudleni.
Izimpawu: I-mucosa yesisu esishubile, isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza. Ukuzithoba kuhlukaniswe kube lula futhi kuyingozi. Ngokwehluleka okulula, ubuthakathaka, ukwanda okukhulu, ukungahambi kahle, amehlo avaliwe, isifo sohudo nge-mucus kanye nokudla okungaxhunyiwe, ukungcola okungcolile eduze kwe-cloaca, izinkukhu ezincane, ukuphazamiseka kubonakala.
Nge-indigestion enobuthi, izimpawu ezifanayo zivela, kodwa zihambisana nomkhuhlane omkhulu futhi konke lokhu kuholela ekufeni kwezinkukhu.
Ukwelapha: isingeniso ekudleni kwezinkukhu zokudla okukhanyayo, ubanike i-yogurt, i-cottage shizi, amasondo obisi, imifino: u-anyanisi, ugarlic noma igalikhi yasendle. Esikhundleni samanzi, nikeza izixazululo ezinomsoco nge-soda noma potassium permanganate. Ngezigaba ezinzima, ama-antibiotic kanye nezidakamizwa ze-sulfa zinikezwa.
Ukuvimbela: udinga ukondla izinkukhu kuphela ukudla okuhle, ukukhanya nokugcwele. Indlu kufanele ihlale ihlanzekile. Hlanza abapheki nabaphuza, ukuwabulala ngamagciwane njalo ngesonto noma ugeze ngamanzi abilayo. Hlola ukushisa kwomoya esakhiweni, gwema i-hypothermia kanye ne-hyperthermia.
I-Beriberi
Ngokuvamile kukhona ukungabi namavithamini A, B no-D, futhi ngezinye izikhathi futhi kukhona ukungabi namavithamini.
Izimpawu: ngokuntuleka kwevithamini A, ubuthakathaka emilenzeni, conjunctivitis. Ngokuntuleka kwe-vitamin A, amaphiko alulaza, ukulibaziseka kokuthuthukiswa, ukuxuba, ikhanda eliphonswe emuva.
Ngokuntuleka kwevithamini D (kubonakala eneminyaka engama-2 noma ngaphezulu) ukulahlekelwa kwesidlo kwenzeka, ubuthakathaka, ukukhula okuncane, amathambo athambile, kanye nama-rickets ngezinye izikhathi akhula. Ngokuntuleka kwevithamini K (kubonakala ngezinsuku ezishisayo kanye nezifo zokuphefumula), ukuntuleka kwesifiso, isikhumba esomile, ikhefu, izinkophelo, ukubola kwesisu kungavela.
Ukwelapha: Njengokwelashwa, izinkukhu kufanele zinikezwe amalungiselelo aqukethe amavithamini anjalo. Futhi futhi kuqapha ukudla kwabo okufanele.
Ukuvimbela: i-prophylaxis kuyadingeka ukwengeza amavithamini A ukuze izinkukhu zondle (i-carboti kanye nemifino), amavithamini B (imifino, okusanhlamvu okuhlwanyelwe, imvubelo emisha, i-milky, i-herbal, inyama kanye nethambo lesidlo kanye nesidlo sezinhlanzi), amavithamini D (amafutha wezinhlanzi, ufulawa we-herbal, i-nettle, izakhi zamaminerali), amavithamini K (inambuzane, i-clover, i-alfalfa ne-izaqathe).
I-Peck noma i-cannibalism
Izizathu zalokhu kuziphatha kungukudla okungaqondakali, igumbi elincane, lapho ungavumeli izinyoni ziphume emgwaqweni, ukukhanya okukhanyayo nokude.
Izimpawu: Izinkukhu nalezi zifo ziqala ukukhipha izinpaphe kanye nezingxenye zomzimba.
Ukwelapha: Izinyoni ezonakalisiwe zifakelwa kwenye indawo, amanxeba aphethwe yi-pecking ayasetshenziswa nge-iodine, i-tar, i-potassium permanganate noma i-sintomycin emulsion.
Ukudla kwe-Bone, imifino, imvubelo yengezwe ekudleni, banikeza usawoti oqhekekile ngamanzi, i-citric acid ngamanzi. Amalungiselelo okwelapha angasetshenziswa aminazin.
Ukuvimbela: lokhu kuyadingeka ukuqapha okuqukethwe okulungile kwenyoni. Futhi, uma lesi sifo sibonakala, susa imbangela.
I-Zinc phosphide poisoning
I-zinc phosphide imithi esetshenziselwa ukuhlambala amantonga amancane. Izinkukhu zingadla ngengozi lezi zinhlamvu.
Izimpawu: ukucindezeleka, ukunyakaza okungaqondakali, ukuphefumula kabi, ukuphuma kwamathe, ukuhuda ngegazi, ukukhubazeka nokuxubha, futhi ekugcineni ukufa.
UkwelaphaIsixazululo sikaLugol nesisombululo se-potassium permanganate sisetshenziswa.
Ukuvimbela: ungafaki ubuthi kulezo zindawo lapho kungenzeka khona izinkukhu futhi udle.
Ukushisa i-nitrites ne-nitrate
Ukushisa okunjalo kubangelwa ukudla ama-antitictic pesticides, asetshenziswa kwezolimo, kanye nalapho udla ukudla okuqukethe ukulinganisa okuphezulu kwalezi zinto.
Izimpawu: ukukhathazeka okukhulu, conjunctivitis, ukubomvu komlomo namacici. I-Dyspnea, ukuphuma kwe-saliva nokuxubana kungase kwenzeke. Kodwa ekugcineni inkukhu ingafa.
Ukwelapha: i-lactic acid ibhekwa njengesixazululo esihle salowo muthi.
Ukuvimbela: gcina lezi zinto zingenakuthola izinkukhu. Kanti futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuphenya ukudla kanye namanzi okuqukethwe okuqukethwe okunjalo.
Uketshezi lwesinal
Izimbangela zalesi sifo zingabangelwa uketshezi okwedlulele ekudleni, lapho udla izinhlanzi, ukhukhamba noma amanzi.
Izimpawu: zingabonakala zingakapheli amahora amabili emva kokushisa, ziyobonakala ekulahlekelweni kokudla, ukoma okukhulu, ukucindezeleka, ukuphefumulela njalo. Ngemva kwalokho, isifo sohudo, i-paresis, ukukhubazeka kwemikhawulo ebonakalayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukufa kwezinkukhu kungenzeka.
Ukwelapha: Ngalesi simo esinobuthi, isisombululo se-glucose esingu-10% nesiphuzo esiphuzayo sisiza kakhulu.
Ukuvimbela: udinga ukulandela ithrekhi yezinkukhu ozinikeza izinkukhu ukuze kungabi nesamba esikhulu sikasawoti kuso.
Iziphi izifo ezithathelwanayo ezingase zivele ezilwaneni ezincane?
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zingaba izinhlobo ezimbili: i-bacterial (salmonellosis, colibacteriosis, isifo sofuba, pasteurellosis) kanye ne-viral (i-lens pseudo, laryngotracheitis, umkhuhlane).
Uma izifo ezinjalo zikwazi ukukhuphuka okukhudlwana kokushisa komzimba, ukubonakaliswa kokubuthwa kanye nesimo esimpofu, kukhona amehlo avaliwe nokushiywa kwamaphiko, i-membrane ebomvu ebomvu, ukuqoqwa kwe-mucus emithonjeni yomlomo nangomlomo, ukuphefumula okungapheli okuhambisana nokuphefumula nokushaya ikhwelo, isifo sohudo, isimo esibi sezinyoni zezinyoni.
Pulloz - typhoid
Lesi sifo singathatha izinkukhu ezincane ezinamaviki amabili ubudala.
Izimpawu: Izinkukhu ezigulayo zingaqaphela ukungabi nesifiso sokudla namanzi, umthwalo onobuhle, ukuqoqwa kwezinqwaba ezindaweni ezifudumele, amehlo avaliwe, amaphiko aphansi.
Ukuhamba kancane futhi wezwa i-squeak. I-litter kuqala njenge-slurry, bese isifo sohudo sibonakala ngesithunzi somthunzi ophuzi. Ngaphansi kwe-cloaca kungcolile. Izinkukhu ziqala ukuphefumula kakhulu nge-rattle kanye ne-squeak.
Ngobuthakathaka besikhathi eside, izinkukhu ziyeke ukuhamba ngokugcwele, zishaya phezulu futhi zife. Inani lokufa kwalesi sifo sifinyelela kuma-60%.
Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa: izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa: penicillin, biomitsin, furazolidone, sintomitsin, isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. Lezi zidakamizwa zinikeza futhi njengezokuvimbela kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila.
I-paratyphoid noma i-salmonellosis
Ngokwezifo eziningi ezigulayo ezihlobene namanzi. Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu, futhi ezimweni eziningi ezihambisana nokufa, amaphesenti angama-70 amaphuphu afa.
Izizathu isifo esinjalo singase sibe ukusetshenziswa kokudla nokungcola okungcolile. Abathwali balesi sifo bangamajuba nama-gulls.
Izimpawu: lesi sifo cishe asikwazi ukuthola ezinkathini zokuqala, ngoba akukho zibonakaliso ezibonakalayo, futhi ngokushesha izinkukhu ezincane ziyafa. Ngokuyinhloko, lesi sifo siqhubeka kuze kube yizinsuku ezine, futhi lokhu kungase kubonakale izitshalo ezivulekile, isimo sezinzwa sezinyoni, nokuphuza okuningi.
Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela: sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene eziphumelelayo esifundeni se-pullorosis - typhoid.
I-Colibacteriosis
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo siyizinkukhu ezigulayo ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu.
Lesi sifo sikhula kakhulu futhi singapheli. Lesi sifo singaba sesibili.
Izimpawu: Ngesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa kanzima kwalesi sifo, kukhona ukushisa okuphezulu, ukucindezeleka, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukoma, kukhona ukuphefumula okubi okuhambisana nokushaya, okungabonakala ngenkathi kuhamba izinkukhu. Ungabona futhi ukunqotshwa kwesimiso sokuphefumula, izimpawu ze-enteritis nokuvuvukala kwesisu.
Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela: ukusetshenziswa kwe-furatsilina yezidakamizwa. Faka ukungcebeleka epulazini. Kubalulekile ukukhipha igciwane kahle igumbi.
Pasteurellosis
Lezi zifo zingathinta izinkukhu eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili nezinyanga ezintathu. Zombili izinkukhu kanye zasendle zingagula. Lesi sifo sivame ukwenzeka ngenkathi ebandayo.
Izimpawu: Ngenkathi isifo esibucayi lesi sifo, ukungahambi kahle ngokweqile, ukubambelela kokubambelela kwabanye, sonke isikhathi inkukhu ihlezi, i-mucus efana ne-foam ikhishwa emakhaleni nasemlonyeni, i-wheezing kwenzeka. Ukushisa kuphakama kuma-degrees Celsius angama-43, amathunga adidayo futhi aphihliwe.
Isihlalo sinombala ophuzi ngezinye izikhathi ngegazi. Ukuphefumula okunzima, ukungabi nesifiso, ukuphuza okuningi. Umphumela uba ubuthakathaka obuqinile futhi inkukhu iyaphela. Endabeni yesifo sofuba, izinkukhu zifa ngokushesha. Ukufa kwezinkukhu kungamaphesenti angu-80.
Ukwelapha: kuyadingeka ukuthi ulondoloze kangcono futhi uluse le nyoni, futhi usebenzise izidakamizwa: i-serum ne-antibiotics e-hyperimmune polyvalent. Futhi kusukela emithini emisha ungasebenzisa i-trisulfone ne-cobactan ukumiswa.
Ukuvimbela: kudingekile ukuba uhambisane nazo zonke izidingo zemvelo zokugcina izinkukhu, ngokushesha ususe izinyoni ezithathelwanayo ezivela emhlambini, uphelele amatshwele. Ekudleni yengeza amavithamini namaminerali. Uma kwenzeka isifo singena ekuqothaneni.
I-Newcastle noma i-pseudo-disease
Akuzona izinkukhu kuphela, kodwa nezinyoni ezindala zihambisana nalesi sifo.
Izimpawu: Kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo sidlula ngokushesha futhi sihambisana nokufa kwenyoni zingakapheli amahora amathathu.
Ukuqhubeka kwezifo ezingapheli kubonakala nge-paresis nokukhubazeka, ukushiswa kwesisindo ngokuzumayo, ukushisa okuphezulu, ukulala, ukukhwabanisa emlonyeni nasempumeni, ukuhogela ukuphefumula, isifo sohudo oluphuzi noma oluhlaza-grey, leli fomu lihlala cishe amasonto amathathu.
Ukwelapha: lesi sifo asitholakali, ngakho-ke inyoni elelekile ishabalaliswa ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukubhubhisa inyoni ngaphandle kwegazi, ngoba lesi sifo singasakazeka ngegazi. Lesi sifo singozi kubantu.
Ukuvimbela: Uma kuvela inyoni egulayo, kumele isheshe ihlukaniswe nayo yonke indawo, ngemuva kwalokho kufanele kube nokuhlukaniswa okuqinile. Izinkukhu zidinga ukugonywa. Ikamelo kumele lihlanzwe futhi lihlweliswe nge-disinfected.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezifo zezinkukhu ezindala.
Isikhumba
Izinkukhu zitholakala kakhulu kule sifo.
Izimpawu: Ngosuku lwesishiyagalolunye lesi sifo esikhumbeni esiseduze nomlomo, ijwabu leso kanye nasemzimbeni wonke, ungabona izindawo eziphuzi, ezigcina zikhula zibe yizikhula ze-wart.
Isimo senyoni siyindlela elandelayo: isimo sengqondo esibi, izimpaphe eziboshiwe, ukungabi nesidlo. Uma kwenzeka i-diphtheria nokuqhubekela phambili okuxubile kwalesi sifo, ukuqhuma okumhlophe kungabonakala emlonyeni, okugcina ekuphazamise ukuphefumula, ngakho-ke umlomo uvulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi umsindo wezwi uzwakala. Ukuxilongwa okunjalo kungenziwa odokotela.
Ukwelapha: isifo esingelapheki. Uma inyoni egulayo ivela, isuswa masinyane kwenye indawo, futhi ikwaziswa kongcweti ukuze ithathe noma yiziphi izinyathelo.
Ukuvimbela: kubalulekile ukugoma omncane. Disinfect the house. Izinyoni zidinga ukwengeza umlotha owomile, lapho zigeza futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zilahle izidumbu.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo eziphazamisa izinkukhu
Coccidiosis
Lesi sifo singenzeka kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwabancane, kodwa siphinde sithole ngesikhathi senyanga.
Izimpawu: ukucindezeleka, ukufisa ukudla, izitshalo ezivulekile, izimpaphe ezingcolile ezungeze i-cloaca, isifo sohudo singase sibe negazi, i-paresis yemilenze ingase ivele ekupheleni kwesifo.
Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela: sebenzisa i-furasalidone, isisombululo se-norsulfazol ngokufaka amanzi.
I-Heterosis
Ama-causative agents of this disease yizibungu, kuze kube yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi ubude. Amashumi ayisihlanu kuya kwezinkulungwane zawo angatholakala ezinyoni ezigulayo.
Izimpawu: isifo esinjalo sihlupheka ngesisu, ukungabi nesifiso, izihlalo ezixekethile.
Ukwelapha: sebenzisa usawoti we-piperazine.
Ukuvimbela: Ngalesi sifo, i-fetothiazine isetshenziswa cishe inyanga. Unganika izinyoni isixazululo se-potassium permanganate phakathi nenyanga.
Izifo zezingxenye ze-egg formation
Ukuvuvukala kwe-ovary
Inqubo enjalo ingase ivele ngokulimala ku-ovary, okuyinto, kamuva, engabangela ukubonakaliswa kwezindwangu zegazi kula follicles. Kulesi simo, i-yolk ayifaki i-oviduct, kodwa esiswini, okubangela inqubo yokuvuvukala okuthiwa i-yolk peretonitis.
Inqubo yokuvuvukala ingabanjwa ngenxa yokuzizwa njalo kwezinyoni noma ngenxa yokulimala okuthile.
Umphumela wokuvuvukala kungaba ukubunjwa kwezikhupha ezimbili emaqanda, amaqanda amancane noma amaqanda anegobolondo elincanyana kakhulu, angaba namaqanda aneprotheni eyodwa kuphela.
I-Frostbite
Kwenzeka kakhulu kaningi ezindaweni ezingahlanganiswa nempaphe; lezi zinhlanganisela, amacici nezinzwani. I-scallop iphenduka emnyama bese ifa ngenxa ye-frostbite. Iminwe ingawa futhi. Uma kuvela ama-frostbite ama-frostbite, kufanele ahlutswe ngeqhwa, aphathwe nge-iodine futhi asakaze ngamafutha okushisa ama-frostbite.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwama-frost, kuhle ukugcoba izindawo ezingakaziwe nge-greased edible noma i-petroleum jelly.
Kubalulekile ukugcina izinyoni emakamelweni afudumele, nokufudumala indlu ngaphambi kobusika.
