Iyiphi imifino ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ezihlotsheni zethu? I-carrot, anyanisi, iklabishi? Cha, amazambane.
Lesi sitshalo sesisitshalo sesisikhathi eside sibe yizinga elilodwa ngokolweni, ngakho-ke lingabhekwa ngokuthi "isinkwa sesibili".
Ekhulwini le-16, amazambane avela emazingeni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi amazambane aqala ukusabalalisa kude nakusempumalanga.
Futhi, njengoba sibona manje, wahlala phansi emasimini ethu ngokuqinile futhi engakabonakali.
Noma kunjalo, akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezizogxila kwisayithi lethu, ngakho-ke kufanele uzikhethe ngokucophelela.
Uhlu lwezinhlobo ezinhle zamazambane lulungiselwe wena, okuyinto ezoba yindwangu ebalulekile kuwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi entsha yezolimo.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Impala"
Izwe lalezi zihlukahlukene yiNetherlands.
Naphezu kokuvela kwamanye amazwe, le amazambane bakwazi ukukhula kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulungisho nokubi kakhulu.
Kungenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zamazambane, njengoba izilimo eziyizigaxa zithola ngokwanele ukuqoqa isisindo emva kwezinsuku ezingu-50 emva kokuhluma.
Isihlahla salezi zinhlobonhlobo siphakeme kakhulu (ngokwesilinganiso, 70 cm-75 cm), ngokuqondile, siqala 4 kuya ku-5 iziqu, sakha izimbali ezimhlophe.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zenziwe njenge-oval, zinobuphuzi, lapho amehlo amancane ehlakazekile khona. Inyama iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, enomthamo wesilinganiso samatashi (15%), lokhu okuhlukahlukene kungenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ukunambitha.
Omunye amazambane kulezi zinhlobonhlobo angathola isisindo kusuka ku 90 kuya ku-150 g, futhi izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinjalo ezivela esihlahleni esisodwa zingatholakala kusuka ku-16 kuya ku-21. umdlavuza ophezulu, amazambane nematode, ama-virus A ne-Yn. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkomba zokuphikisa phytophthora eziqongweni nezilimo eziyizigaxa, isikhumba, namaqabunga ama-curling virus.
Esifundazweni eseningizimu, abalimi bavuna izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka ngamunye. Umkhiqizo unamathani angu-18 kuya kwangu-36 ngehora elilodwa lomhlaba. Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwala mazambane bukhulu kakhulu, amazambane abilisiwe abumnyama.
Izinto zokutshala zingahluma ngaphambili ngaphambi kokutshala, kodwa ungangezelela amazambane abandayo osuvele uthathe esitokisini. Kodwa umhlabathi kufanele ufudumale kahle ukuze izinto zokutshala ziqale ukukhula.
Akunakucatshangwa ukuphula amahlumela amancane kumazambane. Ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana ne-scheme - 30 cm phakathi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa eziseduze, u-65 cm phakathi kwemigqa eseduze. Ukuqala kukaMeyi kubhekwa njengesikhathi esihle sokutshala amazambane, ngoba emva kokuba amahlumela okutshala azovela ekupheleni kwenyanga.
Ukunakekela amazambane kukhulula inhlabathi, ukuphuza izihlahla kanye nokufaka umquba. Leli banga efuna inani le-nitrogen enhlabathiniNgakho-ke, ngenkathi kulungiswa isayithi ekwindla, inani le-nitrogen fertilizer kufanele linciphise.
Ukulima kokuqala kwenhlabathi kufanele kwenzeke ezinsukwini ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-6 emva kokutshala. Emva kokukhipha umhlabathi kuyadingeka lapho amafreyimu ephezulu emhlabathini.
Spud ehlathini kuyadingeka uma kushisa, futhi akukho nethuba lokunisela insimu. Uma iziqongo zamazambane zilahlekile, kufanele udle izihlahla, futhi hhayi ngaphansi kwama-alitha angu-50 amanzi ngalunye i-sq. M.
Izitshalo kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokusho kwezinkomba zokuzala inhlabathi. Inani eliphelele lokugqoka akufanele lidlule u-3.
Hlunga i- "Felox"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zadalwa ngabalimi baseJalimane.
Amazambane avuthiwe asekuqaleni (izinsuku ezingama-65 kuya ku-70) zalezi zihlukahlukene ziwela ngaphansi kwesigaba sezinhlobonhlobo zezinhloso zetafula, unambitheka kakhulu futhi inani elihle le-isitashi ezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Izitshalo zalezi amazambane ziyakhiwa, zokuphakama okuphakathi, nezimbali ezibomvu-purple. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubukhulu obuphakathi, ngokukhanya okuluhlaza. Amazambane angama-oblong-oval shape, enesikhumba esiphuzi, egcwele amehlo, nenyama yombala ophuzi okhanyayo.
Uma usika amazambane, i-pulp ayifuni. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-tuber enhle isisindo esingu-90 - 115 g, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi amazambane angakwazi ukukala u-200 g.
Esitshalweni esisodwa singenza izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingu-19 kuya ku-25. Umkhiqizo uhle kakhulu, kusuka ehektheleni lomhlaba ungathola ama-amazambane angu-550 kuya ku-650.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye nematode yamazambane. Futhi, izitshalo zalezi mbatata azizesabi amazinga okushisa aphakeme. Izinkomba zokumelana nokulimala okwesikhashana, amagciwane ahlukahlukene kanye nesiliva sesiliva aphansi kakhulu.
La amazambane angagcinwa isikhathi eside., isivuno esingaphezu kuka-90% sisinda ngemuva kobusika.
Umbuzo wokulungiselela kokuqala kokutshala izinto uqobo kuwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, umhlabathi kufanele ushise ngokujwayelekile, kodwa uma kwenzeka lezi zinhlobonhlobo uzoqala ukuhluma ekushiseni kwe-+2 ̊C.
Uma amazambane ehluma ngesikhathi sokugcina isitoreji, lezi zitshalo ezincane azikwaziswa ukuthi ziphule ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokutshala. Iphethini lokufika lilinganiselwe 30x60-65 cm. Kungcono ukuhlela ukufika kwakho ngoMeyi.
Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zokunakekela lezi zihlukahlukene zamazambane. Ehlobo elishisayo, umhlabathi kufanele uphuze ngamanzi amaningi, uma nje kunemvula encane phakathi nenyanga.
Kudingekile ukukhulula umhlabathi uma owomile, ngaphandle kwalokho amafreyithi amancane okukhuphuka emhlabathini angeke avumele umoya ukuba ugeleze kumathunta.
Sidinga futhi imithi yokuvimbela kanye nokwelapha ngokumelene nezilokazane nezifo. Ukudla amazambane akudingeki, kunomhlabathi ovuthiwe. Uma kungenjalo, akukho izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 ngonyaka owodwa ongafakwa kuwo.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngokutshala amazambane kusuka enzalweni.
Ibanga "Nevsky"
Amazambane okuqala okuphakathi kokuzalisa okufuywayo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinsuku ezingama-80 kuya kwezingu-90. Izihlahla ziphansi, zihlangene, zinenani elikhulu lamaqabunga; zivumela amahlangothi amaningi amahlumela, izimbali zimhlophe.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyi-oval, enesikhumba esiluhlaza, amehlo amancane, ama-pink kanye nenyama enemibala eluhlaza. Ubuningi be-tuber enempilo, evuthiwe ifinyelela ku-90 kuya ku-130 g.
Esikhathini esisodwa isitshalo amazambane amafomu asuka ku-9 kuya ku-15. Kufika ku-1.5 kg izithelo zingatholakala esihlahleni.
Isivuno salolu hlobo lukhulu kakhulu - amathani angu-38 - 50 amazambane angavuna ngehora.
La amazambane angasuswa kalula futhi ahlungwe, aphelele ekwenzeni amasaladi kanye nesobho. Akusiluleka ukwenza amazambane ahlambulukile kulezi zihlukahlukene bese ufisa lezi zitshalo zemifino.
Ngokuqondene nokusimama, umdlavuza, i-rhizoctoniosis, i-alternarioz nomlenze omnyama ngeke kulimaze lokhu okuhlukahlukene.
Ukumelana okuvamile kuphawulwe kuma-virus, phytophthora kanye nesiko. Futhi, kulezi ezihlukahlukene, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokungaphezulu komswakama emhlabathini akuyona into embi. Egcinwe kahle, kodwa ihluma emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.
Ngaphambi kokufika udinga qiniseka ukufudumala amazambane, njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zizwela ukushisa kwenhlabathi nesimo sokutshala. Ukuhluma izilimo eziyizigaxa akuyona into efiselekayo, ngoba ukuzwela kule nqubo kwanda kumazambane kulezi ezihlukahlukene. I-Scheme kanye nesikhathi sokufika kujwayelekile.
Kubalulekile ukulondoloza umswakama wenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwe-tuber. Le nqubo iyadingeka ukuze isikhumba singalimazi izitshalo ezincane. Izitshalo ezikhulile kakade kuzodingeka ukuthi zikhulule futhi zisebenze, ngoba ngisho nokuntuleka komswakama kanye nokushisa okuphezulu ngeke kulimaze le mazambane.
Ibanga "Condor"
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuzalanisa isiDashi. Kucatshangwa ngokuthi i-srednerenim, kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-70 kuya kwezingu-90 zidlule kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvela kwezimbewu kuze kube yizilimo eziyizigaxa zifinyelele ekuvuthweni.
Ukuqokwa kwaleli tafula lezambatho. Izihlahla ziqondile, zinde kakhulu, nezimbali ezibomvu ezibomvu. Izithelo ziyakulinganiswa, zine-oval shape, zilinganisa u-90 - 180 g, zamehlo obomvu nokujula okuphakathi.
Inyama iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, nephesenti yesikhuni se-9 - 14%. Ukunambitheka kuhlolwe njengendlela engenhla, okwenza kube lula ukukhulisa le mbatata hhayi kuphela ekusetshenzisweni komuntu siqu, kodwa futhi nokuthengiswa okulandelayo.
Futhi izinkomba zokukhiqiza ngo 18 - 36 kg zezithelo ezivela ku-10 sq. M. khuthaza umbono wokukhula kwezohwebo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nokuntuleka komswakama nomdlavuza, kodwa amagciwane, isikhumba kanye nokulimala kwesikhathi kungadala isimo sezitshalo nezitshalo zezimpande. Omunye wemigomo yalezi mbatata kubhekwa njengokubukeka kahle, okwandisa ikhwalithi yayo yezohwebo.
Kungcono ukukhula lokhu okuhlukahlukene emva kokusanhlamvu okumilayo, izitshalo ezikhanyayo kanye nezitshalo zasebusika. Izilimo eziyizigaxa azikwazi ukulungele ukutshala kusengaphambili, kodwa kuhle ukuba uthola amazambane emiphongolweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi bese uhamba isikhashana elangeni. Iphethini lokufika livamile, ukujula kufanele kube ngu-8 - 10 cm. Kungcono ukufika ngoMeyi.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula okujwayelekile kwezihlahla zalolu hlobo lwamazambane, kubalulekile ukuthi ukhulule njalo umhlabathi bese ususa ukhula olufake ekutheni. Akudingekile ukuphuza la mazambane ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyoba nemvula eyanele yemvelo. Ungaphinda uphathe izihlahla ngezidakamizwa ezibhekene nezifo, kodwa hhayi njalo.
I-Grade "Slav"
Izinkathi eziphakathi konyaka phakathi kokukhethwa kwe-Ukraine. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa sinqanyelwe izinsuku ezingu-125 kuya kwezingu-140. Izimila ziyi-half-deciduous, hhayi ezide kakhulu.
Inombolo yeziqu ayikho enkulu kakhulu, kodwa i-branched kakhulu. Amaqabunga ahlaza okomnyama, izimbali zibomvu-purple. Ekhasini kukhona inombolo encane yamehlo. Umbala we-Pulp cream. Isisindo se-tuber evuthiwe singaba 90 - 180 g.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zinkulu kakhulu, ziyi-oblong, zenziwe ngama-oval, zine-pink-purple. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, iphesenti yesitashi i-12 - 13%. Ingagcinwa isikhathi eside, kepha ukulimala komshini akufanele kuvunyelwe.
Ukuhlukahluka okungafani nomdlavuza, i-nematode, kanye nomdwebo obunamathele futhi obhekene ne-banded, ukuphazamiseka kwamaqabunga. Isivuno ngasinye ngehektare singaba ngaphezu kwama-700 asezingeni eliphezulu lamazambane. Leli banga alithinteki ezimweni zesimo sezulu nakuzo izinhlobo zenhlabathi.
Izinto zokutshala azikwazi ukulungiswa kusengaphambili, futhi zivele ngokushesha emva kokuthola amazambane ukusuka emiphongolweni. Iphethini lokufika, ukujula kanye nokufika kwesikhathi kugcinwa. Ngesikhathi sokulungiselela umhlabathi ekwindla, umanyolo kufanele usetshenziswe uma umhlaba ungavuthi, njengoba lezi zihlukahlukene zikhula ngokushesha.
Njengoba izinqubo ezidingekayo okudingeka zenziwe ngalezi mbatata zidla kanye nokwelapha ngezidakamizwa ezibhekene nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Izitshalo kufanele zibe lapho uqaphela ukuthi izitshalo azithuthuki kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokunikezwa okungeziweko awunakwenzeka ukuthola isivuno esilindelekile, futhi ikhwalithi yayo izoba ngezansi isilinganiso.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Zekura"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamazambane zakhiwe eJalimane, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuvimbele ukuba kungabikho ukukhiqiza nokukhiqiza izivuno ezinzile ezimweni zezulu zaseMpumalanga Yurophu.
Izihlahla zala mazambane ziqondile, eziphakemeyo, hhayi ngokuphambana kakhulu, ne-inflorescences yombala obomvu. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa, i-oval, nekhanda eliphuzi, lapho amehlo amancane ehlakazekile khona, ubuso bubushelelekile.
Inyama iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umthamo we-starch u-13-19%. Ngokuvuthwa kuphakathi, njengoba kuveza izithelo ezivuthiwe izinsuku ezingu 90 - 100 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezitshalwe.
Isisindo ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe be-tuber sifinyelela kuma-100 - 200 amagremu, futhi izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinjalo zakha isitshalo ngasinye ngo-12-15. Ngokuvamile, cishe amathani ama-amazambane angama-50 angavuna ngehektha ngalinye lomhlaba ngezimo ezinhle zezulu kanye nenhlabathi ephezulu yokuzala.
Ososayensi baye bafaka izikhukhula kuzo zonke izifo zamazambane. Kungatshalwa ngisho nasenhlabathini ngenani elikhulayo lomswakama. Ingagcinwa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhethekile.
Kubalulekile ukutshala lezi zizambane ngo-Meyi ngokulandela uhlelo olujwayelekile ukuya ku-8 cm ejulile. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingashintshi futhi ezishisayo elangeni ziyoqala izimpande ngokulinganayo, ngakho-ke akufanele ukhathazeke ngokulungiselela la mazambane ngokutshala.
Lokhu kuhluka akukwazi ukuphuziswa, njengoba kwanele ukubekezela kwesomiso futhi, ngokujwayelekile, hhayi ikakhulukazi ekunakekeleni. Kubalulekile ukususa ukhula olufake izitshalo ezincane, futhi uhlakulele inhlabathi ngemuva kwemvula.
Umbuzo wokukhetha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamazambane ukhululekile. Kwanele ukucabangela izimo zezulu zendawo kanye nezinga lokuzala inhlabathi, ukuze izinhlobo ezikhethiwe zizonikeza isivuno esihle.
