I-Pepper - ingenye yezitshalo zemifino, equkethe amavithamini amanengi.
Amasiko angokwesihlobo samaSelanaceae. Ezimweni zethu ezikhulayo, pepper yisitshalo sonyaka.
Izinyathelo ze-agrotechnical ze-pepper zilula kakhulu kunezamatamatisi, ngoba akudingekile ukuba unqume.
Lesi sitshalo sikhulile ngezinhloso ezehlukene zeCalinary hhayi nje kuphela.
Inqubo yokukhulisa lesi siko yindlela yokudala kakhulu. Futhi udinga ukwenza le nto kuphela phakathi nesikhathi lapho unenkinga enkulu. Futhi ngalesi simo sengqondo, ngeke uthole izithombo ezinhle kuphela, kodwa futhi uzothola isivuno esikhulu.
Lesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izikhathi zokulima.
Yiziphi izici zenkambiso okufanele zicatshangelwe uma ukhula pepper?
Kukhona izici zezinto eziphilayo nezokuziphatha kompepele okudingeka ukwazi. Sizokutshela ngabo ngezansi.
Yini ehlobene nayo izici zokuziphatha:
- Amandla nokuqina kwesitshalo sesitshalo. Kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, ukuphakama nokuqina kwesitshalo kungaba okuhlukile.
- Ukuma kwamaqabunga nobude bawo.
- Ubukhulu besithelo nendawo yabo ehlathini. Futhi nombala wabo ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokuvuthwa.
- Ubukhulu bezindonga ze-pepper.
- Isimpande sesimiso.
Kuyini izici eziphilayo:
- Kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga lokushisa lapho isiko lizokhula khona.
- Into yesibili okumele ukwazi ukuthi yiyona umswakama omuhle okudingekayo pepper.
- Ngokuvamile, i-pepper ikhulile ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo ezilandelayo: ukuchofoza kanye ne-pasynkovanie. Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile, futhi ukuphazamisa nakho kungandisa ukwanda kwezitshalo.
- Kubalulekile ukulalela ukukhanyiswa kwendawo ngelanga lokutshala isiko.
- Isici esibalulekile inhlabathi lapho i-pepper izotshala khona. Amasiko awabekezeli inhlabathi enamandla.
Yini okufanele ibe inhlabathi yepelepele?
Inhlabathi yokutshala i-pepper kumele ibe yombili futhi inomswakama.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances zenhlabathi ehlukene:
- Ukuze uthuthukise ukuvuna komhlabathi we-loamy, engeza ubhontshisi obhekiwe (ngesamba ibhakede ngalinye ngomitha wesikwele), umquba (ngesamba ibhakede elilodwa) noma i-peat (ngenani lamabhakede amabili).
- Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umhlabathi wobumba, izithako ezimbili zifakwa kuwo: isihlabathi esinamahloni kanye ne-sawdust ebolile (ngalinye linalo ibhakede elilodwa).
- Njengoba kunomhlabathi we-peat, inhlabathi ye-sod kanye ne-humus yengezwa (ngesamba ibhakede elilodwa ngamitha yesikwele ngasinye).
- Lapho inhlabathi enesihlabathi yokwenza ngcono ukuzala kwayo yengeza inhlabathi ye-peat noma yobumba, amabhakede amabili ama-humus kanye nebhakede elilodwa le-sawdust.
Ukuze ulungise inhlabathi yokutshala i-pepper, ifakwe umanyolo. Ngamitha yemitha odinga ukuyenza: eyodwa ingilazi yokhuni; superphosphate; isipuni esisodwa se-potassium sulfate nesipuni esisodwa se-urea.
Ngemuva kokungeza zonke izingxenye inhlabathi idinga ukuguzwa, ngenkathi wenza imibhede ibe ngamasentimitha angamashumi amathathu phezulu. Ngokulandelayo, indawo ehlabayo yomhlaba iniselwa ngamanzi kanye ne-mullein (ngesilinganiso sehafu ilitha ngalinye ngamanzi) noma isisombululo se-sodium humate (ngesilinganiso sepuni elilodwa ibhakede lamanzi).
Cishe amalitha amane edoti adliwe ngamitha yendawo ngayinye yomhlaba. Emva komcimbi, inhlabathi isilungele ukutshala pepper.
Kukhona okulandelayo izinhlobo ze-pepper: elimnandi futhi elimnandi. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zihlanganisa: iGladiator, Litsey, Victoria, Yermak, Zaznayka nabanye abaningi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinobuthi zihlanganisa: i-Chile, i-Bitter yase-Ukraine, i-Bouquet yase-Vietnamese, nabanye.
Ukulungiselela izithombo ze-pepper kanye nokunakekelwa okudingekayo kuye
Izithombo ze-Pepper zithanda umquba ophilayo. Kungenzeka ukondla la mafutha njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi.
Izithombo ezinamathelisi zithanda ukuphakelayo kwe-foliar. Umanyolo we-Kemira Kombi ufanelekile lokhu, uqukethe izinto eziningi zokulandelela. Ngesisombululo somanyolo ohlanjululwe udinga ukuhlunga amaqabunga esitshalo phezulu nangaphezulu. Udinga ukubamba lo mcimbi ekuseni kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ilanga ilanga.
Izitshalo zokuncelisa ze-Foliar kufanele zishintshwe ngamasiko okuchelela.
Uma ibonakala emaqabeni ombala ophuzi, lokhu kubonisa ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen.
Akufanele ukhohlwe amanzi amanzi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ayikho amanzi asemanzini noma amanzi emhlabathini. Ukuphuza okujwayelekile kuholela emaqabungeni awela kanye nezitshalo eziqothulayo. Futhi ukuchelela ngokweqile kuholela ekusebenzeni okungalungile kwesimiso sezimpande zesitshalo.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-pepper elimnandi.
Indlela yokutshala i-pepper, ama-nuances abalulekile
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukuba kuqala ugxilise isivuno; lokhu kwenziwa izinsuku eziyishumi nane ngaphambi kokuba ipulazi itshalwe emhlabathini. Ukuzikhandla kuqala ngokushisa okuhle kwama-degrees angu-15, futhi kancane kancane kuyinciphisa, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kwe-11 ° C.
Kungcono ukutshala leli pepper kusihlwa. Kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa engaba ngu-65 cm naphakathi kwamapulangwe angama-40. Ungasebenzisa futhi indlela yokubeka isikwele (60x60 cm noma 70x70 cm) bese utshala izitshalo ezimbili noma ezintathu emthonjeni owodwa.
Ukugcina isitshalo ekuphukeni kuyadingeka uma utshala setha izikhonkwane (ngesikhathi sokukhula, kungcono ukuthi ungafaki izikhonkwane, ngoba kungenzeka ukulimaza uhlelo lwesitshalo) lapho isihlahla sizoboshwa khona esikhathini esizayo.
I-Pepper ngemuva kokutshala ikhula kancane kancane, ukuze iqhaza ekwenzeni ngcono umoya ojikelezayo emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukukhulula kancane umhlabathi oseduze ne-pepper.
I-Pepper inomkhawulo okhulayo wonyaka nje kwezinyanga ezintathu, ngakho imbewu ye-pepper iqala ukulungiswa kusukela ngoJanuwari. Isikhathi sokutshala isiko ngokuyinhloko sincike ekutheni lesi sitshalo sizoqothula kanjani ensimini. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, imbewu ye-pepper itshalwa kuze kube phakathi no-Mashi, futhi emgwaqweni ophakathi, itshalwe ngoFebhuwari. Futhi emhlabathini watshalwe ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi.
I-Scheme yokutshala pepper emhlabathini
Eminyakeni eyishumi yesithathu kaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, izithombo ze-pepper zitshalwe emibhedeni elungiselelwe.
Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angama-60, futhi ibanga phakathi kwezithombo 40 cm.
Ungasebenzisa futhi indlela yokudoba (60x60 cm noma 70x70 cm) bese utshala izitshalo ezimbili noma ezintathu emthonjeni owodwa.
Uma utshala izinhlobo eziningana zepelepele, kufanele zitshalwe ebangeni elide phakathi kwazo, njengamasiko e-pereopolylyaet.
Iyini ukukhathazeka kwesiko?
Ekulwa nazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo nezinambuzane (isibonelo: ukubola okumhlophe, umlenze omnyama, ama-potato beetle, ama-slugs ahlukahlukene) angasiza amakhambi abantu.
Amasiko amaningi akhula eceleni angakwazi futhi ukunakekela amasiko awo akhulayo, kanye nokuwavikela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene nasezinambuzane.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuphuza isitshalo njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi nane ngezixazululo ezihlukahlukene zezinhloso ze-prophylactic.
Ukunakekela izitshalo kusemhlabathini owenziwe kahle, ukuhlanganisela isitshalo, ukukhula nokusila isitshalo.
Ukuphuza i-pepper emhlabathini ovulekile kubaluleke kakhulu kumasiko. Umhlaba kufanele ube njalo umanzi. Uma inhlabathi isomile, isitshalo singase sikhule kabi. Uma kunomhlabathi omncane wezwe, ukuphuza isitshalo kumele kuncishiswe, futhi uma kunqamuleka kungavamile, ukuchelela kufanele kumiswe ngokuphelele.
Isikhathi esiphezulu sosuku sokunisela kusekuseni, uma ubusuku bubandayo, futhi uma ubusuku bufudumele, khona-ke ungakwazi ukuphuza kokubili imini nobusuku. Amanzi asetshenzisiwe abanda, kodwa afudumele.
Inhlabathi enamandla iswakanyiswe ngesilinganiso sehhafu ilitha ngalinye, futhi inhlabathi elula iphuziswa ngamanzi ilitha ngalinye. Kungcono ukumanzi emhlabathini okhululiwe ngelinye ilanga ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi ngolunye usuku ngolunye. Le ndlela yokuchelela ayifaki ezungeze isitshalo se-dense bark.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu Amasiko ayenziwa ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Isigaba sokuqala senziwa emva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 zokutshala isiko emhlabathini. Ukwenza lokhu, lungiselela isisombululo sezipuni ezimbili ze-urea ne-superphosphate bese uhlaziya wonke amalitha ayishumi amanzi. Futhi ngaphansi kwesiko ngasinye uchithe ilitha laleli khambi.
- Isigaba sesibili sokudla senziwa ngesikhathi sokuvuna kwesitshalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha isipuni se-urea, i-potassium sulfate kanye namapuni amabili we-superphosphate futhi uhlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Wanisela inani elifanayo njengalesi simo sokuqala.
- Isigaba sesithathu senziwa ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwesithelo sokuqala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izingxenye ezilandelayo: amathisipuni amabili wewosawoti e-potassium kanye namathisipuni amabili e-superphosphate futhi ahlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Amanzi, njengalezi zigaba ezimbili.
Ukukhulula inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesitshalo kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu. Izimpande zenkambiso zitholakala eduze kakhulu, ngakho-ke kudingeka uhlole ukujula kokukhipha.
