Okwamanje, inqwaba yezinkukhu ezihlukene zekhukhamba, ummeli womndeni weqabunga, uye wadalwa emazweni ahlukahlukene.
Ngisho nomlimi oyisivande oneminyaka eminingi ekhula ekukhuleni lesi sitshalo angangena emanzini amaningi. Yini esingayisho ngamantombazane noma labo abaqalile ukuzalanisa lemifino.
Futhi uma isitimu esincane esiphila esifundeni esinjalo esingavamile njengama-Urals, ngenxa yezimo zezulu, khona-ke umuntu uzokusiza ukusiza.
Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe ngeke uphelelwe phansi, umlimi wezolimo uzoqala ukufunda ngokuningiliziwe ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokutshala ikhukhamba ku-Urals nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezizozikhetha.
Inkulumo kule ndaba izohamba ngezinhlobo zalesi sitshalo.
Hlunga "i-Cupid"
I-partenocarpic hybrid. Phakamisa ngokushesha (izinsuku ezingu-42 - 45). Izitshalo zinamandla kakhulu, zinamandla, nge-root system.
Amakhakheni angama-6 kuya ku-8 angakhiwa endaweni eyodwa. Izithelo ziyi-cylindrical shape, ziluhlaza okomnyama, zinenqwaba ye-tubercles encane, ekugcineni lapho kukhona khona ama-white spikes amancane.
Ikhasi ikhukhamba izinhlobo "Cupid" incane kakhulu, kanti ukusetshenziswa cishe cishe hhayi uzizwa. Inyama kanye ne-peel ayiniki neze intukuthelo enambithekeni. Izithelo azilahlekelwa ukubukeka kwazo ezikhangayo, uma zilala isikhathi eside kakhulu elangeni, okungukuthi, aziphenduli.
Futhi lawa ukhukhamba ingahanjiswa, ngenkathi bengabuni futhi bangaboni.
Izivuno ziphakeme kakhulu - 25 - 28 kg nge 1 sq. M. Kodwa kunelungelo lokunakekela izihlahla, ukuwa amanzi nokudla ngesikhathi, isivuno singakhula sibe ngu-45 - 50 kg endaweni ngayinye! Izinhlobonhlobo azithintekile isikhutha samanje nesiphansi.
Esikhathini sezulu se-Urals, kuyadingeka ukukhulisa izithombo zokutshala izihlahla zalolu hlobo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-35 kuya ku-40, izithombo zingafakwa.
Uhlelo lokutshala: izithombo ezi-3 ngesikwele esingu-1. m. wezwe. Ukunakekela izithombo ezijwayelekile: ukuchelela, ukugqoka, ukukhetha emva kokuvela kweqabunga lokuqala noma lesibili. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ekupheleni kukaMashi. Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo emhlabathini - ekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezimo zezulu ezimbi.
Kunconywa ukuba uphuze njalo, wenze izakhi zomanyolo emhlabathini, ususe ukhula, futhi ukhulule inhlabathi ngemuva kokuphuza.
Hlunga "u-Arina"
I-partenocarpic hybrid. Mid-season (izinsuku ezingama-43 kuya ku-46). Uhlobo lwezinsikazi zezimbali. Izihlahla ezinamandla, ezincane, zakha inombolo enkulu yezinyathelo.
Inani lamaqabunga emahlumela lilinganiselwe, amaqabunga ngokwawo angcono kakhulu. Enye node yakha i-ovariyari engu-1 - 2. Izithelo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubude obuyi-15 kuya ku-17 cm, buhlaza kakhulu, buhle kakhulu, buhle kakhulu.
I-peel ihlanganiswe nama-tubercles amakhulu phakathi, imifino imhlophe. Ingasetshenziswa kabusha noma ithunyelwe ukuze iphinde isetshenziswe kabusha.
Umkhuhlane we-powdery, i-olive blotch, i-cucumber mosaic virus ayithinti izihlahla zalolu hlobo. Kodwa isikhumba se-powdery singasaphazamisa isivuno, uma ungathathi izinyathelo zokwelapha.
Izihlahla ukumelana nokushisa okukhulu kokushisa nokuntuleka kwelanga, okwenza lokhu kuhloswe kube "umakhelwane" obaluleke kakhulu emasimini ase-Ural. Isivuno sesilinganiso, 5 - 6 kg ngomitha wesikwele. imitha
Kungakhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nasezweni elingavinjelwe. Kudingeka uqale ngezithombo. Nakuba, uma izinga lokushisa lifudumala, imbewu ingafakwa ngokushesha emhlabathini.
Izithombo zokunakekela ezivamile. Kunconywa ukunciphisa izithombo. Uma utshala amahlathi amancane ku-greenhouse on 1 square. m. ungakwazi ukukhuphula izithombo ezingaphezu kuka-3. Uma ukhula la ma ukhukhamba enhlabathini engavimbelwe, amahlathi amathathu kuya ku-4 angatshalwa endaweni ngayinye.
Kubalulekile ukuchelela njalo ngamanzi afudumele, futhi ngemuva - ukukhulula inhlabathi. Ukuze uvimbele amahlumela ekukhuleni umuthi we-vegetative ukuze ahlasele isivuno, kuzodingeka ukuthi uphonse izingane zokutholwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokukhula. Futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukunciphisa inani le-nitrogen elisetshenziswe ngu-15%, futhi emva kokuqala ukuvuna, ukulinganiswa kokucwenga kufanele kubuyiselwe.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Izinkanyezi zaseMoscow"
I-hymrid yokuqala ye-parthenocarpic.
Izithelo zingasetshenziswa ezinsukwini ezingu-42-45 emva kokuvuna izithombo.
Izihlahla ezifakwe ngaphakathi, ukuhlanganiswa ngezinga eliphakathi. Ezingxenyeni ezakhiwe i-ovariyari engu-1 - 2.
Izithelo zigcwele izitshalo eziluhlaza, ziyi-cylindrical shape, ubude obude buyi-12-14 cm, isisindo sino-80-110 g. Ubuso buyi-tuberculate, ameva amhlophe, inani lezinhlawulo lingaphansi kwamanani.
Ukunambitheka kokubili okuneziphuzo kanye namaqanda ukhukhamba ekheniwe kuhle kakhulu.
Le hybrid ibonakala ukuvuthwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nokumelana nokucindezeleka ekushintsheni kwezimo zezulu. Iyakwazi ukuthela izithelo ngezimo zokuntuleka kwelanga. I-hybrid ayithinteki yizifo eziningi, kepha isikhutha esincane singalimaza kancane izitshalo kanye nesitshalo.
Kubalulekile ukuqala ukutshalwa kwalesi hybrid ngokutshalwa kwesithombo. Izimpawu zokubhalisa zingenziwa phakathi no-Ephreli. Izithombo zidinga ukuphuziswa, zikhuliswe futhi zikhuni.
Khetha ngokwecebo, okungukuthi, esigabeni 1 - 2 salezi shidi. Ukutshala kabusha emhlabathini kuvunyelwe izithombo eziyizinsuku ezingu-35 kuya ku-40 ubudala. ukutshala kwabantu yizimbewu ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-3 ku-greenhouse noma ku-3-4 - emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukunakekelwa kuyinto evamile, njengoba izitshalo zihle kakhulu. Kunconywa ukuthi ungashintshi imodi yokunisela, ikakhulukazi uma izinga lokushisa ngaphandle liphakeme ngokwanele. Ukondla njalo kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale uhla lwawo wonke umanyolo. Njengoba izihlahla zihlala zingakapheli, kungenzeka ukufaka i-trellis nokudubula amahlumela ezisekelweni.
Ukuhlanganiswa komhlabathi akulimazi izihlahla, kodwa kuyoba nenzuzo. Ukwelashwa okuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa nge-plant fungicides kuyadingeka.
Hlunga "uhambo"
I-hybrid, ingxenyehenkarpik. Izithelo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zingadliwa izinsuku ezingu-40 - 45 emva kokuhluma.
Izihlahla zinamandla kakhulu, kodwa azikho amahlumela amaningi ase-lateral. Izithelo zobukhulu obuphakathi (10-12 cm ubude), ngesisindo sithola u-100-110 g, nesimo se-cylindrical. I-peel ihlanganiswe nama-tubercles amancane, ama-spikes amhlophe.
Inyama nesikhumba ngokwawo kuluhlaza, kodwa kusekhona imicu ephuzi ekhanyayo. Intukuthelo ayinambitheka ku-pulp, noma ukunambitheka kwekhasi.
Izihlahla zalezi zihlukahlukene zizolile ukubekezelela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezimweni zesimo sezulu, okungukuthi, ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa nokuphefumula komoya.
I-Kladosporiosis, isikhutha se-powdery ne-cucumber mosaic virus akuthinti lokhu okuhlukahlukene. Isivuno sincane ngaphezu kwesilinganiso, okungukuthi 3.5 - 3.7 kg ngesitshalo ngasinye. Kufaneleka ukudla ngesimo sawo sokuqala, futhi ekheniwe noma eqoshiwe.
Kunconywa ukuthi ukhule utshani balezi ezihlukahlukene ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela imbewu izithombo ngo-Ephreli, futhi ukufakelwa izithombo ngoMeyi, lapho kusungulwe isimo sezulu esincane.
Kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele lapho imbewu ihluma khona, ngaphandle kwalokho inqubo yokuhluma ingahle ibambezeleke. Izogcina kahle ama-25 - 30 ° C emhlabathini.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-30 kuya kwezingu-35, izithombo zingadonsa ngokwesiko se-50 x 55 cm.
Izihlahla azizithobeki ekunakekeleni. Izici eziyinhloko kukhona ukuchelela, ukuxubha kanye nokukhulula inhlabathi, kanye nokukhulelwa. Amanzi amahlumela adinga amanzi afudumele njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-4. Yondla njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-10.
Hlunga "i-Altai"
Idume kakhulu emibuthanweni yabalimi nabalimi. Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zezinyosi, ukuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezithelo kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-35 kuya kwezingu-38 emva kokusuka kokuqala kwezithombo.
Isitshalo sohlobo lokubamba, inani lamahlumela asetshenziselwa ukwakha, isilinganiso sobuhlumela sesifinyelela ku-1 - 1.3 m. I-Zelentsy inomumo ojwayelekile we-cylindrical, u-9 - 10 cm ubude, futhi ulinganiselwa ku-85 kuya ku-90 g.
Umbala wenyama nesikhumba kuyinto eluhlaza, inyama ngokwayo, kanye ne-peel, ayinambitheki okubabayo. Ubuso bezithelo buhlinzekwa yinani elikhulu lama-tubercles, i-pubescence kubo ihlanzekile. Lezi zindawo zokugcina izithombo zingafakwa emabhange futhi zifakwe emanzini. Okusha nakho kuhle.
Ukuvunwa okuphezulu - 5.5-6 kg nge-1 sq.m. Izifo eziningi zekhukhamba azithinti lezi zihlukahlukene.
Kuyafaneleka kokubili umhlabathi ovulekile futhi uvaliwe. Qala isidingo sokukhula se-rassadnym metol. Izimo zezithombo ezizayo zivamile. Ukuhlwanyela kungenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukujula kwembewu kufanele kube yi-1.5 - 2 cm. Ubukhulu bokutshala abukwazi ukudlula izithombo ezi-3 nge-1 sq. M.
Ukushayela amahlathi kungaba ekuqaleni - phakathi kukaMeyi. Uma ukufika kuzokwenziwa emhlabathini, kanti isimo sezulu singase sibe sibi kakhulu, khona-ke amahlathi amancane angcono ukumboza okwesikhashana.
Ekunakekelweni kokunganakwa. Kuyokwanela ukuphuza njalo amahlumela ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa, ukhulule inhlabathi bese uqhuba ukondla okwengeziwe. Udinga ukwenza zonke izakhi zamakhemikhali ezidingekayo, kanye ne-organic. Kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokumelene nezifo ze-fungal kanye ne-virus ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengokuvimbela.
Ibanga "EMpumalanga Ekude 27"
Izinhlobo zezinyosi eziphakathi nesikhathi sezinyosi. Izithelo zingasetshenziswa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-40 kuya ku-55 emva kokusuka kokuqala.
Izihlahla zande, futhi ubude bamahlumela bukhulu kakhulu. Kungashiwo ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyanqunywa. Kunamaqabunga ambalwa esitshalweni, ngakho izithelo zithola ilanga elanele.
Amakhukhamba ngokwawo afana nesikhathi eside (kuze kube ngu-15 cm), enesisindo esingu-100-200 g, afana ne-ellipse elinganayo ngokuma, futhi ayikhulu ngobukhulu. Ikhasi liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi, kukhona ukumboza okuncane emithini.
Ikhanda lekhukhamba elisha noma elicutshungulwa lihle kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuhlukile izinga eliphakeme lokumelana nomkhuhlane we-downy. Futhi, izihlahla zalezi ukhukhamba zibekezelela ngokuphelele ukungabi nomswakama, okwenza kube lula ukutshala lezi zitshalo emhlabathini ophakeme.
Amaqabunga ehlathini ayingcosana, ngakho-ke inqubo yokuvuna iqondiswa. Ukukhiqizwa - 1 - 3 kg ngunithi ngayinye embhedeni.
Izimpawu zokubhalisa zezithombo zingenziwa kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ukujula kwembewu yokubeka - 2-3 cm. Izitshalo kumele zivame ukuphuziswa futhi zondliwe ukuze zibe namandla ngokwanele ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini wase-Ural. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukufutheka izithombo. Ukukhethwa kuyadingeka.
Ukutshala izihlahla emhlabathini kufanele kwenzeke uma kungekho frost ebusuku. Ukutshala kwabantu kufanele kube izithombo ezimbili - 3 ngesikwele. imitha Ungakhula kokubili endlini yokushisa nasensimini.
Izinhlobonhlobo ngokwazo zingenakuzithoba. Ngakho-ke, lizokwazi ukubhekana nezinguquko zokushisa ebusuku, kanye nokuhluleka kwimodi yokunisela.
Inani lokunisela kwamasonto onke kumele lifinyelele ku-3 kuya ku-4, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphezulu zokushisa. Ukudla kuyadingeka. Ungasebenzisa futhi indlela ye-trellis yokukhulisa lezi zitshalo, njengoba izitshalo zingakapheli.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ze-chunumber ze-parthenocarpic.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Miranda"
I-hybrid - parthenkarpik yokuvuthwa kokuqala (izinsuku ezingu-40 - 45). Inhloso yalezi ezihlukahlukene iyinto yonke. Ungahlala kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi.
Izitshalo zinamandla, inani lamaqabunga amahlumela likhulu, amaqabunga ngokwawo akhulu kakhulu. I-node eyodwa iqukethe ama-ovaries angu-1 - 2. I-Zelentsy isilinganiso, ubude obuyi-11-12 cm, isisindo siyifinyelela ku-110-120 g, isisindo se-cylindrical, sinombono omkhulu we-tubercles, i-pubescence emhlophe.
Ikhasi liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunezinhlanzi eziningi ezimhlophe, zikhona nemigqa ephuzi ephuzi eya emkhatsini wesithelo. I-pulp yekhukhamba yembala evamile, enamanzi, ephahleni, enhle kakhulu, enomunandi omnandi.
Izithelo ezihlukahlukene "Miranda" zisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwama-saladi, lapho lezi ukhukhamba zifaka ukunambitheka nokuhogela okumnandi. Futhi, lezi zindawo zokugcina izithombo zifanelekile ukulondolozwa nokukhethwa.
Ukuguquka okunamandla kokushisa, noma isikhumba se-powdery kanye nezinye izifo kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu ezihlahleni nasezithelo zalolu hlobo.
Phakathi kuka-Ephreli kuzoba yisikhathi esihle sokutshala izithombo. Ukutshala izihlahla emhlabathini kungenziwa kusukela ekupheleni kukaMeyi, kodwa izithombo zingatshalwa endaweni yokushisa evuthayo ngisho nangaphambili. Ungawehlisa kuphela lezo zithombo ezifinyelele ezinsukwini ezingama-30.
Inhlabathi yembewu kumele ifuthe kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke ihlume. Ngendlela ye-trellis yokuhluma okutshaliwe ngesikwele ngasinye esingu-1. m. ungakwazi ukuhlabela ama-prikopat 2 - 3 ehlathini, futhi uma kungekho ukusekelwa, isihlahla sama-3 kuya ku-4. Udinga ukunakekelwa kokuzala kwenhlabathi kusengaphambili, ngakho-ke ukutshala kangcono ekwindlaIkhukhamba ye-urral.
Ukuphuza amahlathi kufanele okungenani kube njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, futhi ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa. Inani lokuchelela kanye namanzi lithembeke emvuthwandaba wemvula yemvelo. Kubalulekile ukutshala njalo umhlabathi, futhi ukuwukhulula umquba. Uma izitshalo zingatheli izithelo isikhathi eside, khona-ke kudingeka udinga amahlumela.
Ngakho-ke, ukutshalwa kwamakhukhamba ase-Urals akusekho uhlobo lomsebenzi onzima kakhulu, ngoba, njengoba ubona, kunezinhlobo eziningi zalesi sitshalo ezingesabi izimo zemvelo zalesi sifunda.
