Amakhowe omunwe amakhowe athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-gourmets. Ihlathi, lapho kukhona khona ubisi amakhowe, kuyinto yokuthola kwangempela abaqoqi be-mushroom. Naphezu kokuthandwa kwabo, amaGordians afihla amehlo abantu futhi afihle ngaphansi kwamahlamvu eduze neziqu ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ngokufuna lezi zinhlobo ze-mycobionts, kungcono ukuthatha induku nawe ukuze kuhlolwe zonke izindawo lapho amakhowe amakhowe angakhula khona. I-Black Milk ngumkhiqizo ovelele ekuphekeni, lesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nezindlela zokupheka ezithandwa kakhulu, ukuthi izimboni zobisi zibukeka kanjani, izinhlobo zazo.
Uyazi? Ubisi buye lwadumile kusukela ngesikhathi saseKivanvan Rus. Ukuqaphela ukuthi i-mildee ikhula kanjani, okhokho bethu ezikhathini zasendulo lalibizwa ngokuthi "inqwaba" noma "inqwaba". Le fungus akalokothi ikhule yedwa, kodwa kuphela ekuhlathini kweqembu.
Yini ebukeka njenge-gruzd: incazelo yezinhlobo ezidumile zamakhowe
Ukubunjwa okumnyama kungama-mushroom okuqaphela kalula, kodwa kulabo abangazazi ngalezi zinhlobo, sizochaza: i-beetle ingummeli womndeni wakwaRussula, uhlobo lwe-larch. Manje kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zezifo, ezifundiswa kahle futhi zichazwe - ezinye zingadliwa, ezinye zibhekwa njengezidliwayo ngokomzimba.
Umlomo omnyama
I-black gruzd ibhekwa njengezimo ezidliwayo ezingokwezilwane ezisezingeni lesibili. Umlenze gruzdya isilinganiso sobubanzi buka-6-8 cm no-2-3 cm ububanzi. I-Cap ingaba ngu-15 cm ububanzi. I-Hat - ifakwe emiphongolweni, ihlanganiswe kancane. I-cap of mundins ingahlanganiswa nefilimu yokunamathela ngokuya emahlathini lapho ikhula khona-konke kuxhomeke ezingeni lomswakama. Umbala ungashintsha, ama-shade angase ahluke kumnqumo omnyama abe nsundu ejulile. 
Kubalulekile! Phakathi nendawo yekhanda, umbala wimizuzu emibili emnyama kunemiphetho.Njengawo wonke uhlobo lomndeni wakwaMlechnikov, ubukhulu bugcwele ijusi lacteal, futhi isakhiwo sezincuba sinjalo kangangokuthi singahle kalula. Ngokuvamile, izindawo lapho isikhunta esimnyama sikhula khona, izihlahla ze-birch kanye ne-alder, imigwaqo yezwe engaziwayo, amadlelo nezindawo zehlathi. Ungakwazi ukuqoqa ubisi omnyama kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Ngokuvamile, i-black gruzd ibizwa ngokuthi "i-gypsy" noma i-mushroom chernushka, futhi ePoland kuthiwa i-grebe. Kodwa-ke, abamnyama abamnyama ukukhetha futhi bakwazi ukugcina ukunambitheka kwabo isikhathi eside - kuze kufike eminyakeni engama-3.
Ukugwinya okumhlophe
I-gruzd emhlophe - enye yezinhlobo zamakhowe athandwa kakhulu. Abaqoqi be-mushroom bayibiza futhi ngokuthi "ukucwilisa okumanzi" noma "i-sink eluhlaza". Manje ake sikutshele ukuthi kanjani amakhowe omhlophe amhlophe nokuthi akhula kanjani: akhula ekutshalweni kwezihlahla ze-birch, enza ama-mycorrhiza nemithi, futhi njalo uhlelwe ngamaqembu amakhulu. Ngokuvamile lezi fungi zitholakala ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga zaseSiberia, ema-Urals, esifundeni seVolga. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi amakhowe amhlophe avunwa yini, impendulo yilezi: Isikhathi se-fruiting samakhowe siqala ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti (ngezinye izikhathi singatholakala ekupheleni kukaJulayi) futhi siphele ngo-Septhemba. Kungcono ukhethe amakhowe phakathi nalesi sikhathi, bese unenambithelo ephezulu kakhulu. 
Ngesikhathi esivuthiwe, isigqoko esimhlophe sikhula sibe ngu-20 cm ububanzi, futhi umlenze ukhula ufike ku-7 cm. U-pulp wama-mushroom unesisindo esikhulu, futhi uma usikwa, uveza iphunga elicebile, elimnandi. Ukubonakala komhlophe kuyona ejwayelekile kunawo onke ama-larynxes: i-cap ihlanzekile ngamachashazi aphuzi, i-cap isinamathele, ngokuvamile ishiya noma izingcezu zamagatsha asele kuso.
Uyazi? Uma ubona izindawo ezinomzimba ebusweni obumhlophe, kungcono ukwenqaba ukukwenza, ngoba le makhowa isivele isiphelile.
I-Pepper Pile (yangempela)
I-pepper mushroom iyi-mushroom evame ukukhula emahlathini ase-broadleaf, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi itholakala ku-coniferous plantings. Ungakwazi ukuqoqa lolu hlobo lwamakhowe kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba. Incazelo ye-pepper: umlenze we-7 cm high, ububanzi be-cap kusuka ku-7 kuya ku-20 cm. Ukuma kwekhanda kuguquke kuye ngokuthi izinga lokuvuthwa kwe-fungus: uma i-mushroom isencane, i-cap isimo se-convex, bese isuke ibe yimisipha, ibe nemiphetho ephansi. Isigqoko simhlophe, ekugcineni sihlanganiswe nezindawo eziphuzi, ezibomvu nezimpunga. I-pepper juice iphakamisa ukungabaza ngokufaneleka kwayo kokusetshenziswa komuntu: abanye bathi uhlobo oludliwayo lwesimo, abanye bathi akukwazi ukudliwa, bephikisana ngokuthi u-pulp unikeza ukunambitheka kwepelepele. 
Kubalulekile! Kulula ukudibanisa pepper pepper ngomthwalo owomile, kodwa kukhona umehluko phakathi kwabo: imilenze yepeleyi iphezulu futhi ijusi elimnandi ligcwele kakhulu.Naphezu kwayo yonke ingxabano, i-peppermint isetshenziselwa kakhulu imithi yendabuko: umphumela wayo wokulwa nomdlavuza emzimbeni usuvele uqinisekisiwe, futhi unamakhemikhali aphikisayo. E-China, isetshenziselwa ukuphumula imisipha.
Bum ophuzi
Umbala ophuzi ummeleli weklasi laseSyroezhkov, uhlobo lwe-lactiflora, lomndeni wakwa-Agaricomycetes. Isikhumba esiphuzi silinganiselwa ku-15 cm ububanzi, sishintsha umumo ngesikhathi sokukhula - okokuqala i-cap is convex, engenamaphakathi phakathi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba yicindezelekile, umumo womngcele ophethwe yimiphetho. Umbala we-fungus ungaba ophuzi wegolide noma ophuzi ophuzi. Ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu ku-plaque ye-cap mucous. Umlenze ongenalutho ukhula ufike ku-6 cm ukuphakama no-4 cm ububanzi. Imilenze yembala - ibala eliphuzi, elinamabala asundu. Ngokusondele emmpandeni, ilula. I-mushroom ingokwama-mushroom adingekayo ngokomzimba wesigaba sesibili. Isakazwe kabanzi eSiberia naseCentral Russia. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuqoqa lezi zinhlobo yisikhathi kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. 
Uyazi? Izisindo eziphuzi zivame ukuhlukaniswa namagagasi aphuzi, kodwa lokhu kuyinhlobo efanayo, enegama elihlukile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.
Hlanganisa izinkuni (i-poplar)
Hlanganisa ukhula lwezinkuni (Lactarius controversus) ngokufanayo kuthiwa "i-moth". Kungenxa yama-mushroom asetshenziswe ngokomzimba ngenxa yokuthi i-pulp inomusi ovuthayo ovuthayo futhi uphumule iphunga elithambile, elimnandi. Igama selivele lisikisela umqondo wendawo lapho lezi zinhlobo zikhula khona: ngokuvamile zitholakala e-poplar noma ehlathini le-aspen. I-Aspen bark isayizi ngobukhulu, i-cap yayo ingafinyelela ku-30 cm ngobubanzi. Ukuphakama izinkuni kuvamise ukudideka ne-whitefish, kodwa kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo: ukukhwabanisa kwekhanda kuncane kakhulu. Umbala we-cap unombala omhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi unomshini ophuzi, ohlotshiswe ngamachashazi aphuzi. Ukungabi nalutho kwalolu hlobo kuyisihlabathi esikhwameni se-mushroom, esiqoqiwe kusukela ngesikhathi isikhunta sakha ngaphansi komhlaba. 
Kubalulekile! Ukuphakama izinkuni kufaneleka kuphela ukuthola i-salting futhi kungenjalo kungasetshenziswa ukuma.
Uphi i-gruzd ekhulayo: izici zokuqoqwa
Manje, uma sesiyazi kakade mayelana nokubukeka kwamakhowe obisi kanye nezinhlobo zazo, ake sikhulume ukuthi singabheka kuphi nokuthi zingcono kanjani ukuziqoqa. Iqoqo le-Gruzdy liqala ngo-Agasti - khona-ke okwangempela kubonakala. Ngokuvame ukutholakala emahlathini okuthiwa i-pin-birch, emahlathini ahlotshisiwe, ngezinye izikhathi emasimini e-coniferous nasezintabeni zentaba. Amakhowe omunwe amakhowe amakhulu, futhi, njengoba ecabanga ukuthi akhula ngamaqembu, ungakwazi ukuqoqa ibhasikidi lamakhowe kwelinye ilanga.
Kungcono ukuqoqa amakhowe amakhowe emva kwemvula enhle, okuthiwa "i-mushroom". Bese bathatha amakhowe aphakathi nendawo - azogcinwa isikhathi eside, kodwa amakhowe angaphezu kwamandla angakhiwa yizibungu. Ngemuva kokuthulula imvula, akukhuthazwa ukuqoqa amakhowe, njengoba behla ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukuqoqa amakhowe, ukusika ngokucophelela umlenze eduze komhlaba, ungadonsa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Akudingekile ukufaka amakhowe obisi ebhodini ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke kukhona isikhala phakathi kwama-mushroom, ngoba uma ubaphazamisa, kungonakaliswa.
Uyazi? Abanye abaqoqi be-mushroom abanokuhlangenwe nakho, lapho beqoqa amakhowe obisi, bathembele ngesiphunga, banquma indawo yamakhowe ngenhlanganisela ethile yephunga lamakhowe, izithelo nama-horseradish noma i-pepper.Ngokuvamile ufuna ukuqoqa amakhowe amasha kusayithi lakho, futhi kumaforamu abaqoqi be-mushroom kunemibuzo yokuthi kungani kungenakwenzeka ukukhulisa amakhowe ebisi ekhaya. Ngokweqile, kungenzeka ukwenza lokhu, nakuba kuyinkinga kakhulu, ngoba ubukhulu bukhula ngo-symbiosis nomuthi, nokwenza izifo ezincane. Ngoba i-mycelium ivela ezimpandeni zezihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhowe amakhowe "ahlanganiswe" ezinhlobonhlobo zemithi, okuqhubekayo iyancintisana nenqubo yokubakhula ekhaya.
Ukupheka kokwenza ama-puddles: salting, ukuthosa, ukukhetha
Itiye elimnyama linambitheka kakhulu, ngakho-ke abapheki baye baqamba izindlela eziningi zokulungiselela lezi amakhowe. Kodwa-ke, ukulungiswa kwesiphuzo sobisi kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, ngoba, ngenxa yokutholakala kwejusi elimnandi ekubunjweni kwawo, kudingeka badonswe isikhathi eside. Amakhowe omuncu avame ukusiwa usawoti, aqoshiwe, nalabo abafuni ukulinda ubusika ukuze badle amakhowe, bawathole emva kokuvuna.
Kubalulekile! Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvuna amakhowe ubisi ahamba phambili, ngoba lapha amakhowe obisi aphethwe ukwelashwa okushisa.Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela yokupheka oyikhethayo, okokuqala kudingeka udonsa amakhowe omisi izinsuku ezintathu, uguqule njalo amanzi. Ukuze uthole i-salting, kungcono ukhethe ingilazi, i-ceramic noma i-ere ename enameni ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka noma ukugqwala, ngaphandle kokuyivala ngokuqinile ukuze ugweme ingozi yamagciwane ezincane ezidleni.
Iresiphi ethandwa kakhulu ye-salting salmon yilokhu okulandelayo: uzodinga amakhowe ama 5 kg kanye no-2 izindebe usawoti, udinga ama-cherry noma ama-currant amaqabunga, i-dill ngaphandle kwama-ambulule, ama-clove ambalwa. I-jelly yobisi idinga ukuhlanzwa, ifakwe kahle futhi ihlanjwe kahle. Beka amakhowe epanini elikhulu bese umboza ngamanzi abandayo, umboze ngesembozo. Ngaphezulu kunesidingo ukufaka "i-agent yokwehlisa", ngoba leli bhange eligcwele amanzi lizofaneleka. Amakhono amakhowe afakwa endaweni epholile, ashintsha amanzi izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, amakhowe kudingeka athole. Amakhowe ngamunye agxiliswa ngosawoti futhi agqoke emigqeni, ehamba negalikhi kanye nama-horseradish, amapuleti ahlanziwe. Amakhowe aphekiwe ahlanganiswe ne-gauze, phezulu kwe-gauze abeka amaqabunga ama-horseradish, ama-currants nama-cherry. Amakhowe angaphansi kwejoka lwenyanga endaweni epholile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhowe awubumba, futhi uthele i-brine. Ngemva kwenyanga, basakazeka emabhange abanjwe ngaphambilini futhi bamboze ngesembozo. Ngokuqondene nokudoba, lapha ungasebenzisa uviniga nosawoti wokulungiselela i-brine, kanye nokwengeza izinongo ezihlukahlukene. Indlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yokukhethisa i-pickling negalikhi, pepper, uviniga ne-bay leaf, futhi ama-clove angabuye wanezelwa. Inqubo yokwenza amakhowe anjalo ilula: hlambulula, cwilisa futhi uhlanza amakhowe obisi. Beka umlilo bese ulethe emathunjini. Amakhowe kufanele abilise imizuzu engu-10. Ngendlela yokupheka, kufanele ususe njalo ukhukhumezi kusukela kumakhowe, ekupheleni kokupheka - uphonsa amakhowe emuva ngesihlungo uphinde uhlanza ngaphansi kwamanzi asebenzayo. I-marinade ikulungele kanje: i-2 kg ye-saumoni uzodinga 1 ilitha lamanzi, 2 tbsp. l usawoti kanye nezinongo ukunambitha. Zonke izithako - kokubili oketshezi futhi omile - mix and ubilise imizuzu engu-15 emva kokubilisa. Ama-garlic namaqabunga e-currant afakwa ngaphansi kommbizi, i-dill, phezulu, amakhowe awunzima kakhulu, uthele i-marinade ezingeni lentamo bese wengeza u-1 tsp we-9% uviniga embizeni ngayinye.
Kungcono ukuvala amathini ngamabhodlela abilisiwe emanzini bese uwafaka ngengubo efudumele ngaphambi kokupholisa. Gcina amakhowe asemanzini kangcono endaweni epholile, enezithunzi.
Ukufisa Amakhowe - njalo kuyinkqubo ende, futhi ngokuqondene nokugaya ama-mug, kulokhu ukulungiselela kungabambezeleka izinsuku ezimbili: izinsuku ezimbili ama-mushroom ayenziwe, bese abilisiwe izikhathi ezimbili, abilayo futhi abilayo ngamanzi abilayo imizuzu engu-5. Amakhowe alungiselelwe kufanele aqoshiwe (kungcono ukusebenzisa kuphela ama-caps) bese ufaka epanini ngaphandle kwamafutha, ukumboza kanye nesimiso semaminithi angu-10. Ijusi, elizokwenza amakhowe, kufanele ugeze. Amakhowe athengiswa ngamafutha omifino, i-garlic ne-parsley futhi ethosiwe kuze kube nsundu yegolide.
Ukuqoqa amakhowe kuhlale kuyinto ethakazelisayo, kodwa ngesikhathi kubuthwa ubisi lwewayini ungase uzizwe njengomtholampilo wangempela ubabheke emaceleni amaqabunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlanganisa ngaphezu kwetafula.
