I-Fescue isitshalo sokuhlobisa i-herbaceous esivela emndenini wakwaCereal. Yakha amasobho aminyene ayindilinga, afana namabhomu ngokushaqeka kwamazwele acishe afane nezinwele. Lesi sitshalo sithanda izifunda ezipholile, ngakho-ke sibanzi ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo nesibandayo, kanye nasemagqumeni asezintabeni. I-Fescue imelana nesomiso, ikhula emhlabathini ompofu nosawoti futhi idinga ukunakwa okungenani. Ezinye izinhlobo zisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Lesi sitshalo sisebenza njengesivuno sezitshalo, esitshalwa ngamadlelo wonke.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Fescue iyi-herbaceous perennial enezimpande ezihlangene noma ezinwabuzelayo. Ukuphakama kwezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa kungamasentimitha ayi-10- 20, kepha emvelweni ungathola izinhlobo ezinobude obucishe bude obulinganiselwa ku-1,2-2 m.
Ezingxenyeni zehlumela, kanye nasesisekelweni saso, amaqabunga wesitho sangasese somugqa akhula ngendawo enamabala noma enoboya. Ububanzi bephepha alidluli ku-1.5 cm. Ipuleti leshidi ligoqiwe ngesigamu eceleni kwe-eksisi ethe mpo, okwenza ukuba idle ngisho. Ukugoba okunjalo kusiza isitshalo ukugcina umswakama oyigugu ngesikhathi somile. Phezu kweshidi, imithambo ehambelana nayo iyahluka. Ukuphela kweqabunga kufana nokuhluma okwenziwe ngendlela ye-awl.
NgoJuni, i-fescue iqala ukuqhakaza, ikhipha ama-inflorescence aphathekayo ahlanganisa ama-spikelets ambalwa amafushane ku-peduncle emincane. Ubude besikhala somuntu ngamunye buyi-0.5-1,5 cm.Imbali engenamicembe imbali ngokwayo ikhula ngokulingana amaqabunga futhi ikhuphuke ngaphezu kwefudu. Ama-panicles asolwandle anika lesi sitshalo umoya. Zidwetshiwe ngophakathi oluluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza futhi kuphuma kalula ekushayeni komoya omncane. Izikali ezibunjiwe zosayizi ongalingani zikhula kuma-spikelets. Ngaphansi kwazo kukhona ama-stamens ama-3 ne-obovate ovary, lapho kubonakala khona amahlazo ama-2.
Njengomphumela wokuvundiswa, okusanhlamvu okuncane (2-5 mm ubude) okusanhlamvu okuvele kuvuthwe. Ukusuka emuva kuneshubhu kubo, futhi ngaphambili kukhona umgodi ojulile.
Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-660 ezibhalisiwe kuhlobo lwama-fescue, kepha azikho ngaphezu kwamashumi amabili ezisetshenzisiwe ekwakhiweni komhlaba.
Indabuko yeFescue. I-herbaceous perennial ikhula zombili ziqonde futhi zifake iziqu. Ukuphakama kwe-turf kungama-50-100 cm. Amahlamvu wemigqa eminingana akhula afike ku-30 cm. Upende ngombala oluhlaza ogqamile noma okhanyayo. NgoJuni, ama-panicles angama-15-17 cm avulekile.Aqukethe ama-spikelets aphakanyisiwe kuma-peduncle agobekayo. Izinhlobo zilwa nesithwathwa, kepha zithinta isomiso.
Imfashini ebomvu. ISodoma liqukethe izinqubo ezingenasisekelo ezingama-6-8 cm nezinqubo ezithandekayo zamuva ze-hue ebomvu. Izinqubo zimbozwe kakhulu ngamahlamvu amancane acishe abe ngu-30-40 cm. Amahlamvu ambozwe eceleni kwethambo eliphakathi nendawo. Zinendawo ebunjiwe futhi zipendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuvela ama-panicles aqala cishe u-12 cm.Izinhlobonhlobo azivumelani nesithwathwa futhi zithanda inhlabathi enezikhukhula noma enamanzi amaningi
Imfashini empunga. I-turher eyindilinga enhle kakhulu ifana kakhulu nendunduma ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-50-60. Amahlamvu amaningi acishe abe mancane ombala wesiliva oluhlaza okotshani noma ompunga ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukhula kuwo. Ama-panicles amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva kokuzama ukuthola i-sit hue. Isitshalo sithanda ukushisa futhi asibekezeleli isithwathwa. Izinhlobo:
- i-hump eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - i-turf eluhlaza enamaqabunga amaningi amnyama aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- i-lapis lazuli - ihlukaniswa ngamaqabunga amahle aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- i-glacial tit - i-turf engu-30-40 cm ukuphakama imbozwe ngamaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza-grey.
Izimvu ezimfushane. Lesi sitshalo sakha imicamelo eminyene eyindilinga engu-20-30 cm ukuphakama, okubandakanya amahlamvu amancanyana neziqu ezinde ezinde. Amahlumela aluhlaza okotshani. Kuyo, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, amabhodwe ashubile, anamahloni avele aqhume. Izinhlobo zinokubekezelela isomiso futhi zikhula kahle emhlabathini ompofu.
I-Reed fescue. Izimila ze-Herbaceous ziyamelana nenhlabathi enosawoti. Inobunzima obufushane obukhulu futhi buqine bufika ku-1.5 m ukuphakama. Amacembe aqine, acishe abe mncane akhula eduze nomhlabathi. NgoJuni-kuJulayi, izikebhe ezihamba ngezinyawo ezingenalutho zivele zinama-panicles amade (afinyelela ku-20 cm).
Imfashini ekhanyayo. Lesi sitshalo esihlala sihlanganisiwe sakha izihlahla ezifika ku-10 cm ukuphakama nama-cm angama-60. Siqukethe amaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza. Ekupheleni kukaJuni, ama-panicles aluhlaza-grey angama-5 cm aqhakaza phezu kwamathanga.
Izindlela zokuzala
I-Fescue isakaza ngembewu kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuvame ukwenzeka ngokuzilawula. Uma utshani bungagawulwa ngendlela yesikhathi, khona-ke imbewu evuthiwe iyachitheka ngaphandle kwezindlebe emhlabeni. Entwasahlobo kuvela amahlumela amasha. Ngemuva kwenyanga, zingadluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Uma lokhu okusanhlamvu kungakatholakali esizeni, khona-ke imbewu ethengwayo ihlwanyelwa ekugcineni kukaFebhuwari ezitsheni zezithombo ezikhulayo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, impahla yembewu ifakwe kusisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Izitshalo zenziwa ngokunamandla ukuthola umcamelo obukhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwizimbobo ezinebanga le-10-20 cm, ngokujula kwama-5 cm, imbewu engu-5-7 ibekwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-1.5-2, kuzovela amahlumela okuqala. Akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngokushesha kwakhiwa i-turf eminyene, ilungele ukufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuvimbela isiqu ukuthi singeluleki kakhulu, kubalulekile ukugcina izithombo zisendaweni epholile nenokhanyayo.
Ungahlukanisa ube yingxenye yesihlahla esikhule kahle esineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala. Inqubo yenziwa ngo-Ephreli noma Septhemba. I-sod igodiwe ngokuphelele futhi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezincane ezimbalwa, izama ukungalimazi izimpande. Izitshalo zitshalwa ngokushesha enhlabathini evuselelwe nge-compost noma nge-humus. I-Delenki enjalo idinga isikhathi sokukhula futhi. Ungasheshisisa inqubo uma ebusika isihlahla esikhulu sitshalwa endaweni yezimbali silethwe egumbini elipholile nelikhanyiswe kahle. Benza isiqiniseko sokuthi akukho kubhuntsha endaweni ebusika. NgoMashi, isitshalo somama sihlukaniswe izingxenye futhi sitshalwe ezitsheni ezinomhlabathi olungiselelwe.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Bahlela ukutshala i-fescue emhlabathini ovulekile maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi, lapho ingozi yesithwathwa isidlulile futhi isimo sezulu sizinzile futhi sizinzile. Yize izitshalo ezindala zimelana nokubanda, izithombo ezincane zingathinteka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izitshalo zidinga ukukhetha izindawo ezikhanyiswe kahle ngomhlabathi okhanyayo, omanzi. Umhlaba ovundile kakhulu awufiseleki, njengoba kwenzeka nangamanzi aphansi komhlaba. I-acidity yenhlabathi kumele ingathathi hlangothi noma i-alkali kancane.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, umhlaba wembiwa kahle futhi wakhipha ulamula nesihlabathi. Amabhushi akhula kahle futhi akhula ngokushesha ngosayizi, ngakho ucezu ngalunye lwezimbali kufanele luhlukaniswe futhi lutshalwe kabusha njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, isimo samaqabunga nezihlahla sisonke siwohloka kakhulu.
Lesi sitshalo siyabekezelela isomiso, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunisela kuphela ngesomiso eside nokushisa okukhulu. Kungcono ukungangezi amanzi kunokufaka inhlabathi emanzini. Ngisho nokugcona okuncane kwamanzi kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwezimpande nasekufeni kwengxenye yemifino.
IFescue ayivelakancane. Ngisho nenhlabathi empofu kakhulu, umanyolo we-1-2 ngesizini unanele. Sebenzisa umthamo owodwa wamaminerali wezakhi zezitshalo.
Ukuze ugcine isihlahla sikhange, kufanele sinqunywe. Ukuthena kokuqala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa. Kuyadingeka ukususa amahlumela namaqabunga owomile, kanye nokuhlanza i-turf nge-rake. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-inflorescence esomile, uma kungenasidingo sokulungiselela imbewu, ayanqunywa.
Izinhlobo eziningi zasengadini zemfashini zimelana neqhwa futhi zigcina amahlamvu aluhlaza ngisho nangaphansi kweqhwa. Ngokulindela ubusika obunokhahlo nobungenazithambo, amabombo ambozwe ngamaqabunga awileyo notshani obomile. Abantu abasha babekezelela ukubanda okungcono kunokwezindala.
I-Fescue ayizithobi kakhulu futhi iyamelana nezifo namagciwane. Akanaso isifo sokuhlaselwa yizifo nezifo eziningi, ngaphandle kwezifo zokukhunta. Akhula ezimpandeni nasemacembe ezitshalo ahlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama nezinezikhukhula.
Sebenzisa ekwakhiweni komhlaba
Isigaxa esidonsayo samaqabunga amancanyana aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani, ompunga noma omile sibukeka sihle otshanini, phakathi kokukhanywa ngamatshe, eduze kwendlela noma eceleni kwensimu yezimbali. Izimpande ze-fescue ziqinisa kahle inhlabathi futhi zivikele ukugwilika komhlaba. Emithambekeni, ungakha iphaneli engajwayelekile yamabhasi anemibala ehlukahlukene.
Izinsimbi, ama-cuffs, abamba impi, i-tradescantia, iVeronica, iMiscanthus, neLungwort bangakha inkampani yezitolo. Futhi, izitshalo zingasetshenziswa njengotshani obujwayelekile, ukutshala hhayi ngamaqembu, kodwa ngokulinganayo.
