Izinhlobo ze-cherry elimnandi esifundeni saseMoscow

Amamaki angcono kakhulu ama cherry esifundeni saseMoscow

Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, amagama athi "cherry" ne "sweet cherry" ahunyushwa ngendlela efanayo. Futhi akukho okungajwayelekile kulokhu, ngoba bahlobene nomunye nomunye. Kodwa ngisho nokuxhumana okunjalo phakathi kwamasiko akukwazi ukuguqula ama cherry omuncu abe yi-cherries amnandi.

I-sweet cherry ayibonakali nhlobo kubo bonke abalimi kumasayithi abo. Phakathi neminyaka, abalimi bezitshalo baye bahlakulela izinhlobo eziningi ze-cherries elimnandi lokutshala esifundeni saseMoscow nakwezinye izindawo zaseRussia.

Sizokutshela ezinye zazo kamuva, futhi sizocacisa imigomo yokufika kanye nezici zebanga ngalinye.

Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zama cherry amnandi: ukuvuthwa, izithelo, izinzuzo kanye nokungahleleki kwawo ngamunye wabo

Inhlabathi evundile kanye nokushisa kwelanga nokushisa kuyadingeka ukuze kukhule izihlahla ze-cherry. Kodwa izindawo ezibandayo zaseMoscow azifanelekile, ngakho-ke ososayensi baye bahlakulela izinhlobo ezintsha, ezibandayo. Okudume kakhulu kuhlanganisa: Bryansk Rose, Iput, Fatezh, Tyutchevka, Revna.

Bryansk pink cherry, yini?

Izithelo ze-cherry ze-Bryansk pink ziyingayizi ephakathi kwamagremu angu-4 kuya ku-6. Zizungezile, zilinganiselwa ku-20-22 mm ububanzi. Umbala wamajikijolo unamaqabunga, futhi inyama iluhlaza. Ngaphakathi kukhona ilitshe elimnyama, elilinganisa u-7-8% we-mass inani lama cherry. Ubukhulu nobukhulu be-stem buyisilinganiso. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuyinto enhle kanye namanzi.

Lokhu okuhlukahlukene ukuvuthwa kwelanga. Ukulimala kwenzeka ngonyaka wesi-4 wesihlahla. Kuyinto isitshalo self-fertile, okuyinto kudinga ezinye izinambuzane zempova. Umuthi wezimbali uyenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka phakathi no-Julayi. Isivuno sesilinganiso sifinyelela ngo-78 c / ha, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu.

Umuthi awukude, cishe u-2-2.6 m, ngokulingana kwamagatsha. Ingabe i-kidney ovoid noma oval Amaqabunga omuthi ahlaza futhi akhulu. Ku-inflorescence kunezimbali ezintathu ezincane, i-pistil ne-stigma zikhona ezingeni elifanayo, indebe isesimweni seglasi, i-sepals ayinawo ama-serrations. Ubude be-stamens ne-pistils buphakeme.

Ukuhluma kuwela emahlathini esundu. Ukudubula kusuka cherry ensundu nge bloom grey.

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry elimnandi kunomuntu owodwa: ukungakwazi ukuzakhela impova. Kodwa lokhu akukwesabeki kakhulu, ngoba kunezinye izihlahla ezingavimba imithi, lezi zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezinjengokuthi "Iput", "Tyutchevka", "Revna". Kuyinhloko ukusebenza kahle faka:

  • Ukubekezeleleka okukhulu okubandayo ebusika.
  • I-sweet cherry ayinamathele ezifweni ezifayo ezivela kulokhu okuhlukahlukene.
  • I-Rot iyathinta kakhulu amajikijolo omuthi.
  • Ibekezelela ukuhamba ngezindawo ezide.
  • Amajikijolo awanqamuki lapho isimo sezulu sezulu sinomvula.

I-Cultivar Iput, izici zayo eziyinhloko, idatha emakhakheni afanele nokubi

Isithelo somuthi sinciphisa ama-5.2-5.5 amagremu. Ukuma amajikijolo kunomjikelezo, ubukhulu: ububanzi, ukuphakama, ubukhulu bungaba ngu-20-22 mm. Umbala we-Cherry burgundy, futhi ekuvuthweni okugcwele cishe kumnyama.

Unesiqu esinamandla nesifushane. Kukhona ithambo kuze kufike ku-0.3 amagremu esisindo, umbala omnyama obala, futhi uhlukaniswe kahle no-pulp. Izithelo zibukeka zihle kakhulu, zimanzi futhi zithandeka, okuvela kuyo.

Le sweet cherry ibhekisela kuwo izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa. Ukuvuna kuqala kakade eminyakeni engu-4-5. Njengazo zonke izinhlobo ezidlule, kuveza ukuzikhiqiza, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka izinhlobo zempova ezengeziwe. Izimbali zenzeka kakhulu kakhulu. Inqubo yokuvuthwa kokugcina kwenzeka phakathi noJuni. Isivuno semithi singama-80 aphakathi kwehekthera ngalinye, kanti eminyakeni ethile sifinyelela kuma-cent cent angu-145 ehektheleni.

Isiko siphakeme ngokuphakama cishe ngamamitha angu-3.5-4. Umqhele womuthi ukhulu kakhulu futhi ukhululekile kakhulu, futhi unomumo wephiramidi. I-oval ye-Buds, enkulu. AmaSpredishithi aphakanyisiwe futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, futhi kune-serration kabili.

Izimbali ku-inflorescence 3 nazo ziyi-4, ezimhlophe. I-stamens ne-pistils zilinganayo ezingeni elifanayo. I-sepals ayinayo izinsimbi. Ubude be-pistils nama-stamens buphakeme kakhulu. Emagatsheni asezimbali kuza fruiting.

Kuye okuncane kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene, kanye nokwedlule, kuyinto yayo ukungakwazi ukuzakhela impovaokudinga izihlahla ezengeziwe ze-pollinator.

Izinzuzo Lokhu okuhlukahlukene yilokhu:

  • Ibekezelela isikhathi sasebusika futhi kuhluma amaqhwa.
  • Ikhwalithi enhle ukuphikisa okuhle izifo ze-fungal.
  • Unyaka ngamunye unikeza isivuno esihle nokulinganisela.
  • Amafihledi alolu hlobo lomuthi nawo abekezelela isimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu.
  • Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-sweet cherry zingezesikhathi sokuqala sokuvuthwa.
  • A plus yiqiniso lokuthi uginindela amajikijolo kunesidingo.
  • Inokuthutha okuhle.

Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana nokwehliswa kwekwindla ka cherry elimnandi.

Izici eziyinhloko sweet cherry "Fatezh"

Ukuphakama kwemithi kufinyelela ku-3-4 amamitha. Unomqhele omncane wesihlahla obhekene nebhola, amagatsha asakaza. Amaqabunga amancane amakhulu, akhomba, aluhlaza noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukukhanya kancane. Ama-buds awafani nezezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Izimbali eziningi ku-inflorescence, emhlophe.

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry elimnandi yisikhathi esiphakathi sokukhula kwezithelo. Ungazama amajikijolo okuqala ngomnyaka wesihlanu wokuphila komuthi. Ngeke ikwazi ukuvotela imithi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka izinhlobo eziningana ze-pollinator, eziqhakaza ngesikhathi esisodwa njenge-cherry. Ukuze uthole impova engcono, ungasebenzisa ikhambi leju.

Isikhathi sokuqhakaza somuthi siwela phakathi noma ekuqaleni kwenyanga kaMeyi. Ukuvuthwa kokugcina kwenzeka ngenyanga kaJulayi. Isivuno esivela esihlahleni esisodwa singama-50 kg ngonyaka, okuyinto encane kakhulu.

Amajikijolo asayizi obukhulu, enesisindo esingama-4-5 amagremu. I-cherry eyodwa-dimensional, i-cherries enezinhlangothi ezine nombala obomvu-ophuzi. Inyama iyamanzi amaningi, ihlukanisa nelitshe. Izithelo ezivela e-stem ziphuma kahle. I-stone yi-5-6% yesisindo esiphezulu se-berry. Ukunambitheka kubuswa ngamanothi amnandi namuncu.

Yini ehlobene nayo ukungalungi lokhu cherry sweet:

  • Ayikho ikhono lokuzifaka impova; ngoba lokhu, amanye amasiko athambile ngesikhathi esisodwa njengomuthi we-cherry.
  • Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
  • Lolu hlobo lwe-cherry elimnandi alubekezelele kahle ukukhona kokhula, ngakho-ke udinga ukuhlanza njalo ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi.

Kuya okuhle izici zalesi sihlahla zihlanganisa lezi zici ezilandelayo:

  • Ukuphikiswa kweqhwa eliphakeme.
  • Le cherry enhle iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yokuvumela.
  • Ayidingi ukuchelela okuvamile.
  • Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo ezinjalo zefungus njenge: moniliosis kanye ne-coccomycosis.
  • I-Cherry inesethulo esihle.
  • Lesi sihlahla umhlobiso omuhle wensimu yakho.
  • Ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo nakho kuyimfanelo enhle.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezingavamile ze-cherry ze-Tyutchevka. Yiziphi izici zayo, izinzuzo nezinkinga zalesi siko?

Lo muthi unomqhele ovamile ongavamile. Amafihledi amancane, asayizi obukhulu, ngesimo se-cone. Amaqabunga, abukhali phezulu kanye namaqabunga omzimba omncane, anemibala eluhlaza futhi ayinamahloni. Ama-Petioles aqinile futhi afushane, lapho kunezinhlayiya ezinemibala. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyinto ejwayelekile, umuntu angasho ukuthi ajwayelekile.

Ku-inflorescence ngayinye uma ikhula zikhona izimbali ezine, umgqomo unomumo we-saucer, ama-petals athinzana nomunye, ama-anthers atholakala ezingeni elifanayo, i-calyx isesimweni seglasi elincane, ukukhanya kwe-sepals akukho. I-Pistil ne-stamens yobude obufanayo.

Isisindo sesithelo se-sweet cherry esicatshangwayo sihluka kusuka ku-5.2 amagremu kuya ku-7.5 amagremu. Ububanzi bamajikijolo buyi-20-23 mm, bubanzi kakhulu. Ibonakala ngombala omnyama obomvu noma we-burgundy ngamachashazi amancane. Inomlenze wensimbi obude obude obuphakathi. Ilitshe, likhomba phezulu, linesisindo esingu-0.31-0.32 amagremu, isibhakabhaka esibomvu embala. Kusuka ku-pulp ihlukaniswa ngokujwayelekile. Inyama ibomvu obuhle obomvu. Amajikijolo anhle kakhulu, amnandi futhi anamanzi.

I-Cherry ikhula kakhulu, ngakho-ke, izithelo zivuthwe futhi. Isihlahla siqala ukuletha amajikijolo okuqala ngomnyaka wesihlanu wokutshala. Ukuvunwa okuphezulu yi-cent centered per hectare, kanti eminyakeni ephakeme kakhulu efinyelela eminyakeni engama-270 ehektheleni ngalinye. Lesi siko sizenzele impova.

Lesi siko asizange sikwazi ukuhlukanisa iziphambeko, ngaphandle kokuthi amajikijolo asemoyeni amanzi angaphahla kodwa hhayi njalo, okuyinto enhle kakhulu emlandweni wayo futhi emnandi kubalimi.

Okuhle side cherry "iTyutchevka", ubhale ohlwini lokulandelana okulandelayo:

  • I-Cherry inokuthutha okuhle, okuvumela ukuhamba kwebanga elide.
  • Ukuphikisana nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezingahlasela lesi sihlahla.
  • Lezi zinhlobonhlobo yi-self-pollinating, okuyinto ethinta kakhulu isivuno, kodwa uma kunezinambuzane eziningi, ngeke kulimale.
  • I-Cherry "iTyutchevka" iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yokuvumela.
  • Amajikijolo anokunambitheka okumnandi, okunamanzi.
  • Ibekezelela ukushisa ebusika.

Futhi ukuhluka okugcina, esikuchazayo kulesi sihloko, kubizwa ngokuthi "Revna"

Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyizilinganiso eziphakathi; azikho amajikijolo amancane noma amancane amakhulu angaba ngu-5 amagremu. Kodwa kukhona okungafani okulinganiselwa ku-8 amagremu. Uhlaka olubanzi nxazonke, oluphakeme ngamamitha ayishumi nesishiyagalombili ububanzi nobubanzi, no-20 mm ububanzi.

Ukuma kwala majikijolo kubonakala ngendwangu ebanzi ephezulu. Uhlelo lombala luyisigubhu futhi luba mnyama ekuvuthweni okugcwele. I-pulp ye-berry ibomvu obomvu, kakhulu kakhulu. Ubude be-stem buphakathi. Amathambo avela emaspini ahlukanisa kahle, anombala obala obomvu. Izithelo i-sweet cherry "i-Revna" enomnandi kakhulu futhi enomnandi.

Lolu hlobo lwe-cherry elimnandi luqala u-fruiting walo eminyakeni emine noma emihlanu yempilo yomuthi. Izimbali ziqala engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, kodwa amajikijolo avuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.

I-cherry enomnandi yi-self-pollinated, kodwa izinwele zokuvolisa ezengeziwe ezifana ne-Raditsa, i-Venyaminova, i-Iput futhi zithinta kakhulu isivuno. Isivuno esiphezulu kufanele sivunwe cishe ngo-110 c / ha, futhi ngokwesilinganiso cishe ngo-75 c / ha.

Isihlahla sikhula ngokushesha, ukuphakama okuphakathi, umqhele awunzima kakhulu ngendlela yemipiramidi. Zonke izithelo zakhiwa emagatsheni omuthi wesihlahla. Amaqabunga asesimweni se-oval, eluhlaza okomnyama umbala, isikhumba sabo sinyene, ubude be-petiole bufushane. I-inflorescence ilawulwa yizimbali ezine ezimhlophe, ezinjengama-saucer, ezitholakala ngokukhululekile komunye nomunye. Ama-Pistils nama-stamens obude obufanayo. Njengezinhlobo zangaphambilini, inhlamba ye-pistil iphakeme kakhulu njengama-anthers.

Azikho izimfanelo ezimbi esingakhuluma ngazo.

Okuhle izici engingathanda ukukhuluma ngazo:

  • Into yokuqala engingathanda ukuyisho yikhwalithi ephezulu yezithelo, kokubili ekubukeni nasezindlebeni zokunambitheka.
  • Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ukuhamba ngezindawo ezide.
  • Ubunzima bebusika balesi siko buphakeme kakhulu.
  • Ngokuyinhloko, izifo ezehlukene zefungus ayithinti lesi siko.
  • Ukushiswa kwelanga kusuke kungathinti isihlahla.

Landing Moscow region cherries: wembula zonke izimfihlo

Zonke izihlahla ze-cherry, ngaphandle kokunye, zithanda inhlabathi evundile nelanga. Indawo engadingekile ukutshala lesi siko i-loam ne-sandstone, futhi indawo kufanele ihlaziye. Kubuye kudingeke ukuthi ekamelweni lakho lasehlobo likhule izinhlobo eziningana zama cherry noma ama cherry ngesikhathi esifanayo sokuvuthwa, ukuze izihlahla zipholane.

Ukufika Ama-cherry amnandi esifundeni saseMoscow kumele kukhishwe entwasahlobo iminyaka. Ukuze ulungise inhlabathi yokutshala, udinga ukwazi ukuthi izimpande eziqhamuka zomuthi zihlala ngokujule ngamasentimitha angama-30-80, futhi zibheka ngamamitha angu-2. Ngakho-ke, okukhethwa kukho kungcono ukukwenza lokhu okulandelayo: yenza isitshalo ukulima esikhundleni semigodi esakhiweni.

Umgodi othosiwe yingxenye eyodwa yesithathu egcwele ingxube yomhlabathi kusuka emhlabathini nasemqubeni. Ngaphambi kokufika phansi kwekholomu yokubeka igoli. Khona-ke, phakathi nendawo yomgodi, benza intaba encane, bafake isithombo kuso futhi bayinamathisele emgodini, bese beka umgodi, beshiya ama-5-6 cm ngaphezu kombuso. Ekupheleni kokutshala, amanzi kanye nomquba womhlabathi.

Ibanga elidingekayo phakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe ngamamitha angu-3-5. Kungcono ukwenza ibanga elide phakathi kwabo, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi izihlahla ezivuthiwe zizothunjwa.

Izici ukunakekela ama-cherry akhula esifundeni saseMoscow: ukuxoxa ngokuchelela, ukusika izihlahla kanye nokufaka umanyolo, kanye nokuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane

Lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo azizona ezinhle kakhulu kokhula, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqhuba imisebenzi yokuhlanza njalo emthini.

Ukuze uvikele isitshalo ezivela ezinyoni, isitshalo kufanele sihlanganiswe nenetha elikhethekile legadi.

Izihlahla zinezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal, kodwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela zithathwa ukuze ziqiniseke: ukusika okulungile, ukusetshenziswa kwezihlahla ezihlabayo, ukucheba okulula kwenhlabathi minyaka yonke, ukuchithwa ngezinto eziningana zokuzivikela.

Wanisela lezi zinhlobo zezihlahla okungajwayelekile, ngokuyisisekelo izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka ngamunye.

Ukutshala phakathi kwama cherry ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zibavikela emahlathini asebusika. Kanti futhi njalo ekwindla udinga ukuphefumula imithi enephepha elimhlophe nasebusika ukuze ushoxe iqhwa ukuze lingabikho.

Ukondla izihlahla sebenzisa umquba wamanzi, kanye namanyolo wezitshalo nezitshalo zeberry. Kuphela nje isiqu somanyolo asenziwe, futhi ngokulandelayo.

Njalo entwasahlobo udinga ukusika izihlahla, ususe amagatsha aphethwe yisifo, esomile futhi aphukile. Nesidingo sase-spring kanye ne-autumn ukucwilisa iziqu.