Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zingakhula kanjani ezimweni zezwe lethu, noma kunjalo, ngamunye wethu unezilwane ezifuywayo.
Uma ungumlingisi wevisi elivuthiwe lamagilebhisi omvini, khetha izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi omvini futhi ufuna ukukhula ngamaqoqo amakhulu, uzizwe ukhululekile ukukhetha amagilebhisi aseVictoria.
Yiqiniso, abaningi abavinini bewayini abavame ukukhuluma kabi ngalezi zinhlobonhlobo, ngoba empeleni kunezinselele ezithile.
Sizozama ukucubungula ngokuningiliziwe izici ezinhle nezimbi zalezi zihlukahlukene bese wabelana ngamathiphu wokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezinkinga ze- "Victoria".
Kuyini, umvini "uVictoria": incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobonhlobo
Le amagilebhisi etafuleni, izithelo zazo ezinesethulo esiphelele, umphumela wokukhethwa kososayensi baseRussia. Ukuyitholela, inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene yasetshenziswa. Ikakhulukazi, amagilebhisi i-Save Vilar 12-304 asetshenziselwa ukuphikisa ama-frost.
Kwadlula inhlanganisela ye-hybrid yezinhlobo ezinjalo ze-Euro-Amur njenge "Vitis Winifers" ne "Vitis Amurenzis". Ngaphezu kokuzinza okukhulu, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zaqala ukuba yi-skoroplodny: izitshalo zokuqala ziyisihlahla esivuthiwe saseVictoria esinikeza iminyaka engu-2-3 emva kokutshala noma ukugoma.
Izici zeqembu lamagilebhisi "uVictoria": izici ezihlukile
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezichazwe zenani elibalulekile hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuthi kunezithelo ezihlwabusayo kakhulu, kodwa futhi ngenxa yamaqoqo ayo amakhulu nezinhle. Ngokwesilinganiso isisindo samagilebhisi esisodwa salezi zihlukahlukene yi-0.5-0.7 kilogram. Ngokulima okuhle nokulinganisa isivuno, ubukhulu bezithelo zomvini banda kakhulu. Ukuma kwamaqoqo ngokuvamile kutholakala okuhambisanayo, futhi amajikijolo ahlanganisiwe afakwe kuso.
Omunye akufanele akhohlwe ukuqaphela mayelana nobukhulu bamajikijolo wamagilebhisi alokhu okuhlukahlukene: kokuba nomumo wokuthutha, ubukhulu obujwayelekile berry eyodwa buyi-2.7 x2.2 amasentimitha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, mass isilinganiso amajikijolo cishe 6-7.5 amagremu. Nakuba phakathi kwezitshalo zomvini lesi sibonakaliso asikude kakhulu, kodwa kufaneleka ukunakekelwa nokuhlonishwa. Ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagilebhisi "iVictoria" ingaba umbala obomvu-okusajingijolo wesikhumba samajikijolo.
Ukunambitheka kwala majikijolo kuyamnandi kakhulu futhi kuvumelana, indima ebalulekile edlala inyama enomzimba nenyama. Ngokuvuthwa okugcwele kwamagilebhisi, amajikijolo nawo athola ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele kwe-nutmeg. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi okuqukethwe okushukela amajikijolo ngokwesilinganiso kuyinto engu-18% yezinga le-asidi lika-5-6 g / l.
Izici zezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezithelo "Victoria"
Isihlahla salolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene lwamagilebhisi lunamandla okukhula aphansi noma aphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phakathi kwazo zonke izihlumela ezakha kuwo ngesikhathi sokukhula, cishe ngo-70-90% zithela. Ngakho-ke, isihlahla esisodwa singakhiqiza isivuno esikhulu kakhulu, yingakho isihlahla sivame ukukhululeka.
I-coefficient of fruitfulness, okungukuthi, inani lamaqoqo awela ekudubula oku-1 kwezinto ezihlukahlukene "uVictoria", lingu-1.4-1.8. Ingxenye encane yokuvuna ingakhiwa emagqabini, nakuba amaqoqo abo ayencane kunamahlumela abalulekile athelayo. Kunoma yikuphi, umthwalo omuhle wesihlahla somvini owodwa ungama-25-30.
Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sokuvuna ukuvunwa kwamagilebhisi, ezihlukahlukene "uVictoria" zibhekisela ngokufanele ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala. Inkathi ekhulayo yesihlahla somvini yalezi zihlukahlukene cishe ngezinsuku ezingu-115-120. Ngakho-ke, kakade eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Agasti, kuyokwazi ukujabulela amaqoqo okuqala avuthiwe. Ukuvuna yonke isivuno kungenziwa ekupheleni kwenyanga.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nezinhlobo zezobuchwepheshe ezinhle kakhulu.
Izimpendulo zombuzo, yiziphi izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi "uVictoria"?
Lokhu okuhlukahlukene akungabazeki kakhulu ukukhula esakhiweni sasekhaya. Uma uhlwanyela isihlahla esisodwa, isivuno siyokwanele ukuba ujabulele futhi sikuphathe amajikijolo amasha azo zonke izihlobo zakho nomakhelwane. Uma uvuna amagilebhisi "uVictoria" ngezinga elikhulu, kungenzeka ukuthengisa isivuno esithengiswayo. Kodwa, ngaphandle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu nokuphezulu, ezihlukahlukene "uVictoria" nazo zinezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
• Izihlahla zomvini zivuthiwe kahle, kanti iningi lazo likhula.
• Ukulungiswa kahle kwezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuqothulwa kwe-rooting.
• Ukuphikiswa kwezifo ezivame kakhulu ezingathinta izivini, ezihlukahlukene "uVictoria" ziphakeme ngokwanele ukuze zilahle izindwangu zokuvimbela izihlahla.
• Izinhlobonhlobo zifanelekile ukuklanywa nokutshala okubanzi, ngisho nasesifundazweni saseMoscow. Ukulimala komvini akugcini ngisho nalapho iqhwa lingu -26ºС. Kodwa-ke, ngamathuba okunciphisa amazinga okushisa ebusika ngisho nangaphansi, kubalulekile ukumboza isihlahla.
• Ukunakekelwa okufanele futhi okuvamile, ikhwalithi ye-fruiting kanye nezitshalo kuthuthukiswa.
Ububi bezithelo zomvini "uVictoria" nendlela yokubhekana nazo
Ukungalungi kokuqala kwezinhlobonhlobo, okudingeka ukuthi wazi, ukuthi kukhona khona imbali yesifazane kuphela esihlahleni somvini. Ngakho-ke, lapho ziqhakaza, isihlahla asikho kahle impova, kukhona isivuno se-peck. Kulokhu, eduze kwesihlahla "uVictoria" qiniseka ukutshala ezinye izinhlobo zemivini, izimbali ezihambisana nazo. Okwesibili, isivuno esikhulu sikhululela kakhulu isihlahla, emva kwalokho amajikijolo namagilebhisi athula kancane.
Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona esinye isidingo - ukulinganisa isitshalo. Ngokuyinhloko, kokubili ama-inflorescences namaqoqo ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwamajikijolo kuncike ekunciphisweni. Ungasusa ngokuphelele isitshalo sezinyathelo.
Enye ingozi yamagilebhisi amnandi "uVictoria" yilokho isp. Ukuze zingabangeli umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu kwisitshalo, ungabeka izicupho ezikhethekile kubo noma ushise izidleke ze-wasp. Izingibe zingase zibe kanje:
• Ngiseduze nesivini ungafaka amabhange agcwele isiphuzo elimnandi kakhulu noma ushukela, eliqukethe u-0.5% we-chlorophos.
• Ezitsheni ezifanayo, ungasakaza izithelo ezivuthiwe, futhi uphathwe nezinambuzane.
Okudingayo ukukhula kusayithi isihlahla esihle samagilebhisi "uVictoria": imithetho yokutshala izinhlobo
Akunakwenzeka ukubiza inqubo yokutshala amagilebhisi enzima, nakuba ama-nuances akhethekile anele lapha. Kuyadingeka futhi ngokufanele ukhethe izinto zokutshala, bese ukhetha isikhathi esifanele nendawo yokutshala futhi, ekugcineni, ulungise kahle umgodi. Kungenxa yalokhu konke esizokujwayelana nawe ngezansi.
Indlela nendlela yokusakaza ngayo amagilebhisi "uVictoria": izici zokutshala izithombo kanye nokusika ama-grafting
Amagilebhisi asakazwa kahle ngezindlela eziningi, phakathi kwazo okuyinto ephumelela kakhulu ekutshaleni i-shrub ngezimpande zawo ngokusizwa kwenzalo bese kuhlanganiswa ukunqunywa kwesitokisi se-shrub endala yezinye izinhlobo zemagilebhisi. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokungaqondile ukuthi iyiphi yalezi zindlela ezisebenza kangcono kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma kusayithi lakho akukho stock kusuka ehlathini elidala - empeleni, akudingeki ukhethe.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi "uVictoria" ngosizo lwe-sapling kuzosiza ukukhula ezihlukahlukene ezihlanzekileokuyinto engekho icala izodluliselwa izifo kanye izinambuzane of eyandulela. Kodwa-ke, ukutshala lezi zihlukahlukene esikhwameni eside kungakhula isihlahla esinamandla kakhulu esingakhula izitshalo eziningi. Futhi, ukuxhunyelelwa esivumelwaneni esitokisini uphakamise inqubo yokutshala isihlahla esisha, njengoba sesizobe sesinezimpande ezivuthiwe kakhulu zesivini esidala.
Ukuqala nini ukutshala izinhlobo "Victoria": sikhetha izinsuku ezifanele
Ukuqhathaniswa kwalesi siko ukuthi kungatshalwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunakwenzeka ukuphendula ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi esifanelekile. Uma isithombo semifino sinomthombo wokuhluma kahle ekwindla ebusika, khona-ke ekwindla izobonisa ukukhuthazela kwayo kakade ebusika wokuqala futhi izofaka ukukhula ngokushesha kakhulu ekwindla. Ngakho-ke, udinga kuphela ukwazi okulandelayo:
• Izinsuku zokutshala izithelo zamagilebhisi entwasahlobo "UVictoria" usule kakhulu.. Ama-robot anjalo angenziwa kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi bese ephela ngasekuqaleni kukaJuni. Uma uzohlwanyela ukunquma kwamagilebhisi, khona-ke ungakhetha ukuqala, kepha ukuze uthole isithombo esinamahlumela aluhlaza, kungcono ukhethe isikhathi sokufudumala. Kubuye kubalulekile ukuthi phakathi nenkathi yokuguquguquka kuphela isihlahla samagilebhisi esitshalwe kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala endaweni yokuhlala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa ibhokisi eliyisisekelo nomgodi wephuzu lokusika noma ukuhlelwa. Uma kufika ukushisa kanye nezibonakaliso zokuqala zokuqothula kungasuswa.
• Izinsuku zokuvuna zokutshala amagilebhisi zicacile futhi zenziwe ngezimo zezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho konke, ukuhlwanyelwa kufanele kusetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo, lapho kungasenayo isikhathi sokufaka ukukhula (okuyinto engathandeki kakhulu), kodwa kusenayo isikhathi sokuhlahla isithwathwa sokuqala, esingalimaza. Ngakho, isikhathi esifanele kunazo zonke phakathi no-Okthoba. Nakuba, kunesidingo esikhulu sokucabangela izimo zezulu zesifunda sakho esithile sezulu nesonyaka othile.
Iyiphi indawo engcono kakhulu ukutshala isihlahla samavini?
Izithelo zomvini ziyaziwa kangcono njengesiko eliseningizimu, elithanda ilanga elifudumele nemimoya yomoya elwandle. Ngesimo sezulu esinjalo, umvini ungakhula noma kuphi futhi nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngenkathi ukhipha isivuno esingakaze senzeke. Kodwa ezimweni ezinzima futhi ezingavumelekile ukutshala amagilebhisi, kudingeka ukhethe ngokucophelela indawo esakhiweni sakho:
• Kufanele kulungiswe kahle, kunoma yikuphi okungafihliwe yizinye izitshalo noma izakhiwo zensimu.
• Amagilebhisi asaba kakhulu ama-drafts, angalimaza kakhulu isivuno, esasesimo se-inflorescences.
• Naphezu kokuzivumelanisa okuhle nokungahloniphi kwezihlukahlukene, kudinga inhlabathi enhle evundile. ngemikhuba emihle yezolimo, isivuno sesihlahla samavini sanda kakhulu.
Ngakho, kungcono ukutshala lesi sitshalo ngakwesokunxele kwesayithi lakho, futhi mhlawumbe ezindaweni ezivikelwe izakhiwo noma indawo evela emoyeni. Uma kwenzeka inhlabathi endaweni empofu kakhulu, ukuzala kwayo kungathuthukiswa ngokuzimela: eminyakeni engama-1-2 ngaphambi kokutshala isihlahla, ama-fertilizer amaningi kanye nama-fertilizer kumele asetshenziswe; ukuxuba uhlobo olubi lomhlabathi nomfanekiso walo, oluzosiza ukuthola igolide elishoyo.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi "uVictoria" usebenzisa izithombo ezihlukahlukene: yiziphi izici zenqubo?
Ukutshala kwamagilebhisi kuqala ngokukhetha ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi, ukuthenga noma ukuzimela okuzimele kwesipuli kanye nokulungiselela imbobo. Kungcono ukuthenga insimu ekwindla, lapho izikhungo ezikhethekile zithengisa inamba enkulu yazo. Ngakho-ke, uzokhetha ukuhlukahluka okufisayo nokuvunwa okuhle kakhulu, okuyimigqa yekhwalithi engumbala omhlophe wezimpande nombala oluhlaza we-cut.
Ungakwazi ukutshala isithombo ngokwakho ekunqumeni okugcinwe esitheni ngoFebhuwari ngesikhathi sokushisa emoyeni ka-12 ° C futhi utshalwe enhlabathini enomanzi.
Umgodi uphinde ulungiselelwe izinsuku eziningana noma ngisho nenyanga ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo. Ukujula nobubanzi bayo kufanele kube okungenani amamitha angu-0.8, okuvumela ukubeka phansi emgodini inani elidingekayo lomanyolo esihlahleni esizayo. Ngaphansi kokulala:
• Ingqimba ye-rubble, cishe ngamamentimitha angu-5 ubukhulu.
• Ubuningi bomhlabathi ovundile, oyingqimba ephezulu yomhlaba, ususwe lapho ugoba umgodi. Ubukhulu besendlalelo bungaba ngu-10 cm.
• Uhlu lwamabhakede amabili ama-humus.
• Omunye ungqimba wensimu evundile.
Zonke lezi "izithako" (ngaphandle kwe-rubble) zixutshwe ngokuphelele, okwenza ukudla okuvundile izithombo. Ngaphansi kwalo silala esinye isendlalelo esisodwa senhlabathi elula engasetshenzisiwe futhi siyishiye konke ukuxazulula.
Ukutshala ngokuqondile kwamagilebhisi kulula: sinciphisa isithombo emgodini kuze kube sezingeni lempande yayo bese siwufaka ngokucophelela. Ukuze wenze lokhu kangcono, phakathi nenqubo yokufaka isikhunta ungadlulisela ibhakede lamanzi emgodini, okuzohlanganisa ubuningi bokuqala benhlabathi engcwatshiwe.
Ngemuva kokutshala, isitsha samanzi sinisela ngamabhakede amabili amanzi. Eduze kubalulekile ukubamba ukwesekwa okuqinile. Inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo ihlanganiswa.
Lungisa amagilebhisi okuhlanganiswa "uVictoria" esitokisini sezinye izinhlobo
Ngezithelo zomvini "uVictoria", onokukhula okuncane kwehlathi, le ndlela iyamukeleka kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma sihlanganisile isiqu salezi zinhlobonhlobo sibe nezimpande ezikhulayo, sizothola isihlahla esinamandla esinezilimo eziningi.
Ukusika kufanele kube namahlo a-2-3. Ingxenye engezansi yayo imisiwe, okuzovumela ukuyixhuma ngokuqinile ngesitokisi. Ukuma kocezu kufanele kube nomklamo. Ingxenyeni engenhla yayo iyaxoshwa, yindlela yokugcina umswakama esibambini kuze kube yilapho ingena izimpande futhi ayikwazi ukudweba izakhi nemiswakama esitokisini.
Isitokisi siyisitshalo, esasemva kokususwa kwesihlahla somvini esidala. Iphuzu elimisiwe kufanele lihlanzwe ngokucophelela ukuze libushelele futhi lihlukanise kahle phakathi kwesitoko. Kungokucacile ekuhlukaneni ukuthi isiqu sibeka futhi sigxilile ngokuqinile ngenxa yokunamathela kwesitoko ngosizo lwendophi noma indwangu eqinile.
I-inoculation isuke ibisiwe ngobumba obumanzi, isitokisi sinisela futhi sinamanzi.
Yini ukunakekela idinga amagilebhisi "uVictoria": ngokufushane mayelana nemisebenzi esemqoka esivini
Isihlahla samagilebhisi kudingeka njalo siphuze futhi sondliwe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ngesikhathi sasekuseni, lapho kancane kancane ehamba ekuqothulweni kwamathambo ngokulahlekelwa amandla amaningi phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Izitshalo zombili, eziphilayo kanye nezamaminerali, zisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabathini wokumba. Emva kokufaka umanyolo, inhlabathi kufanele ifakwe kahle. Lokhu kwenziwa okungenani izikhathi ezingu-3 ngezikhathi ezithile: izikhathi ezimbili ngaphambi kwesihlahla sokhukhula kanye kanye lapho kuqedile le nqubo.
Phakathi neminyaka yesomiso esinzima, ukugcoba okusebenzayo kwenhlabathi yesithelo somvini kuyoba inzuzo kakhulu kokubili ehlathini kanye nokuvuna. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi igcwele ungqimba we-sawdust noma u-moss, osebenza njenge-mulch.
Futhi, ukunakekela isivini kuhlanganisa ukusika izihlahla njalo kanye nokwelapha kusuka ekuthelelekeni okungenzeka ngezifo ezihlukahlukene. Inqubo yokuqala iqhutshwa ikakhulukazi ekwindla, ngesikhathi sehlathi elizolile. Izihlahla ezinamehlo 2-3 amehlo. Hlanganisa isihlahla samagilebhisi "UVictoria" othandwa kakhulu. Futhi lapha sishaye amagilebhisi okwenziwa entwasahlobo, kuyilapho zombili izihlahla nezifo eziphilayo zivuka.
Ukucubungula kwamagilebhisi kungenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa njengokunisela. Isetshenziselwa ukulungiselela amakhemikhali okuthengwa kahle okuthengwa kakhulu kumaphuzu akhethekile okudayiswa.
