Ama Cherries akakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngobukhulu obukhulu bezithelo zawo, njengezinye izithelo zaso zamatshe.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo izinhlobo ezinjalo, okufana nokuqhathaniswa kwe-intraspecific cishe ngama-giants.
Phakathi kwalezi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula izinhlobonhlobo "Krupnoplodnaya" cherry elimnandi, igama elikhuluma ngokwalo.
Sizokutshela ngezici zayo ngezansi.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo. Izithelo, umuthi, amahlumela kanye nezinzuzo eziyinhloko
Izinhlobonhlobo yi-brainchild yezinkathazo ezinde zababelethi base-Ukraine, aba yi-M.T. Oratovsky kanye nosebenza naye uN.I. Turovtsev. Ososayensi bathatha i-cherry "Napoleon Belaya", eyaba ngumhlinzeki oyinhloko wazo zonke izimfanelo ezinhle ze-"Large-fruited", njengesisekelo sokuzalanisa. Ukuze impova "Napoleon" isetshenziswe inhlanganisela yempova ezinhlobonhlobo zama cherry amnandi, phakathi kwabo "Valery Chkalov", "Elton" no "Jabule".
Emuva ngo-1983, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zaziqhenya indawo phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ze-Ukrainian Plant Registry. Namuhla, ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bezithelo nezitshalo ezivamile, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zisatshalaliswa kuyo yonke ingxenye yeRussia eseningizimu nephakathi.
Izimfanelo ezihlukile zesithelo
Ngakho-ke, isisindo sezithelo zalolu hlobo sihlukahluka ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ku-10.4 kuya ku-12 amagremu. Isisindo esiphezulu yi-18 amagremu. Inkomba enjalo ingavamile phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zama cherry amnandi. Ukuma amajikijolo kunesisindo esikhulu, okukhangayo kakhulu, okuvumela ukuba zisetshenziswe ukudayiswa.
Ama-cherries ayomvu obomvu kumbala wabo, kodwa akufani nakancane nezithelo ze- "Divers Black". Ziyaziwa ngokuthi zincane, kodwa zikhulu kakhulu, ikhasi lezithelo, eziqinisekisa ukuthi kufaneleka amajikijolo okuhamba ngezindawo ezide. Futhi, isikhumba singahlukaniswa kalula emgqonyeni, futhi ubuso bawo bubushelelezi kakhulu.
Inyama ingumbala ofanayo nesikhumba. Ijusi libomvu futhi. Ukwakhiwa kwe-pulp kuyinto enesisindo futhi enamanzi, i-cartilage ehlukile. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kuhle kakhulu. Ukunambitheka kubonakala sengathi kumnandi futhi kuyomuncu, ukuhlolwa kwama-tasters ochwepheshe kungu-4.6 ku-5. Itshe lezithelo nalo likhulu kakhulu, kodwa cishe likwazi ukuhlukanisa nesithelo.
Izithelo zalolu hlobo lwe-cherry oluvuthiwe ngesikhathi esijwayelekile, cishe engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni. Ungayisebenzisa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa okusha ngokuqondile kokudla, kanye nokulungiselela ama-compotes.
Incazelo yomuthi nokukhula kwawo
Umuthi omdala nomuthi wezithelo ezihlukahlukene ze-Krupnoplodnaya ungama-medium medium. Ukukhula kwesihlahla kuyashesha kakhulu, uma usitshala esakhiweni kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-cherries elimnandi, ngonyaka we-4 kuyoba kakhulu ngaphambi komakhelwane bawo ngobukhulu. Umumo womqhele walo muthi uyingxenye yochungechunge (ngaphandle uma umlimi esifisa ukwakha enye). Amagatsha amakhulu, angama-skeletal type, amelwa ngezinombolo ezincane, kodwa anamandla kakhulu futhi aqinile. Ingwenya ihlanganiswe ngezinga eliphakathi.
Ama-Cherries ayenziwa ngokuyinhloko ezingxenyeni zomuthi ezinjengezimbali nezilinganiso zonyaka odlule.
Ngaphandle kwezithelo ezinkulu, izinhlobonhlobo ziyaziqhenya futhi ukuqala kokuqala kwefruiting. Iyakwazi ukunikeza isivuno sokuqala ngaphambi konyaka wesine emva kokutshala isithombo endaweni yokuhlala unomphela.
Izinkuni zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziletha ukuvuna njalo ngonyaka ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa, futhi amanani abo abhalwe njengabaphakeme kakhulu.
Ngokwesilinganiso, kusukela kwesinye isihlahla esithela izithelo iminyaka eyishumi, cishe ama-44-56 kilogram amajikijolo avuna.
Ukufaneleka kwezihlukahlukene
Ngaphandle kokuthi umuthi unyaka ngamunye uyakwazi ukuletha izitshalo eziningi zamajikijolo amakhulu, kubuye kuzuze kakhulu kwezinye izici. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-Krupnoplodnaya Cherry Cherry inokumelana nokushisa okuphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihlahla sibekezela ngokuqinile isomiso, okungenakuboniswa ngezithelo zayo. Akusiyo inzima kakhulu emhlabathini, kungase kungabi khona umanyolo njalo.
I-Cherry "Krupnoplodnaya" eqinisweni ayithintekile yi-moniliasis. Isihlahla asivamile, kepha ngezinye izikhathi singathinteka yizifo ezifana ne-coccomycosis nomdlavuza we-bacterium wezitshalo zezithelo zamatshe.
Ngokwemvelo, abalimi bayakwazisa lesi sihlahla ngokuyinhloko amajikijolo amakhulu, abuye anambitheke kakhulu.
Ububi be-sweet cherry "Krupnoplodnaya"
Kodwa-ke, lesi sihlahla sinamahloni. Uma kungenjalo impova nge impova evela kwamanye ama-cherry, isivuno sizoba amaphesenti ama-5 kuphela. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukutshala izinhlobo ezinjalo ngokuthi "Ukumangalisa", "Bugarro Oratovsky", "Francis" noma "Diber Black" esakhiweni nge "Krupnoplodnaya" cherries.
Indlela yokutshala i-sapling cherry elimnandi "I-Large-fruited"?
Ukufeza ukutshala okulungile komuthi we-cherry, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izici ezihlukahlukene (nakuba lokhu kubalulekile), kodwa futhi mayelana nezimo ezidingekile zokukhula kwe-cherry elimnandi. Phela, ukuze umuthi ukhule kahle futhi ukwazi ukuthela izithelo, udinga inhlabathi enhle nokukhanyisa okuhle, ukutshala okufanele futhi okufika ngesikhathi.
Isikhathi nendawo - kungaba yini engcono kakhulu "Krupnoplodnaya" cherry elimnandi?
Okokuqala, mayelana nesikhathi sonyaka. Izithombo ze Cherry ngokuvamile zinezihlumela eside kakhulu, ngisho noma zineminyaka eyodwa kuphela ubudala. Kodwa ukumelana nesithwathwa kulezi zihlumela kuphansi. Futhi uma umuthi onjalo uhlwanyelwa ekwindla, uzokhipha imisebe, njengoba wonke amanzi aqukethe izinkuni azofisa. Kodwa i-cherry entwasahlobo ehlwanyelwe entwasahlobo izobe isenele isikhathi sokuthola imithwalo yemvelo emhlabathini omusha futhi izohlinzeka ngamanzi adingekayo amahlumela namagatsha.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho I-cherry enotshani itshalwe entwasahlobo - Kubalulekile ukungabambezeli ngalomsebenzi. Ukutshala i-sapling kubalulekile kuze kube yilapho zonke izihlahla zegadi ziqala ukukhula ngenkathi ekhulayo. Ngokufanelekile, kufanele kube yisikhathi ngokushesha ngemva kokudonsa inhlabathi. Okusho ukuthi, ngokushesha nje lapho umhlaba uqala ukunqotshwa ukumba - uthathe ihlumela bese uqala ukulungiselela umgodi ukuze uphume.
Umsebenzi wesibili obalulekile okufanele uwenze ngaphambi kokutshala i-cherry enhle ukukhetha indawo efanele. I-Cherry inamandla kakhulu emoyeni obandayo obandayo futhi kunomkhawulo wokukhanya kwelanga. Ngakho-ke, khetha izintanjane eziseningizimu futhi kungabi nhlobo isitshalo se-sweet cherry emisebeni ejulile noma ama-yars. Ukuze isihlahla sibe nelanga elanele, sitshale eceleni kwesicu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isithunzi sezindlu zokwakha, izindlu noma ezinye izihlahla aziwi kuwo. Qaphela ukuthi uma ubeka ingadi, ibanga eliphakathi kwe-cherries amabili emgqeni ofanayo kufanele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha amathathu (uma sikhuluma ngezihlahla ezinjengezihlahla ezincane njenge-cherry fruited cherry). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phakathi kwemigqa ye-sweet cherry ibanga kufanele libe ngamamitha angu-5.
Yeka uhlobo lwenhlabathi yokutshala cherry elimnandi "Krupnoplodnaya"
Lolu hlobo lwe-cherry elimnandi hhayi ikakhulukazi efuna umhlaba, kodwa namanje ngeke likhule enhlabathini evundile ngokuphelele. Kungcono ukuyifaka emhlabathini ovundile noma onesihlabathi, ongase ube nomthamo omkhulu wamanzi nomoya. Ngakho-ke, umhlaba wobumba noma umhlabathi angeke ube ngumqhubi omuhle wamanzi futhi uzowubamba isikhathi eside.
Lokhu kungabangela ukubola kwesimiso somuthi wesihlahla. Umhlabathi we-Sandy uzoba nomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni komuthi, njengoba uzoba owomile kakhulu ama cherry amnandi.
Kodwa hlobo luni lomhlabathi olungeke lube khona, usadinga ukunakekelwa njalo, ulibambe (ukuze lugcwalise inani eliphakeme lomoya), futhi ulawule umswakama walo. Khumbula lokho Izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba akumele libe ngaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Kungabuye kulungiswe ngokusebenzisa uhlelo oluthile olwakhelwe futhi olwenziwe ngokwenza amanzi.
Yimaphi ama-nuances okufanele anake lapho ekhetha ukuthungatha?
Ngokutshala ama cherry, ungakhetha njengalokho eyodwa, ngakho-ke iminyaka eyisithupha. Okubaluleke kakhulu, uhlelo lwempande lusethuthukile kakhulu futhi alukho umonakalo. Kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuthi isitsha sokusilela singenaso izimpande ezomile futhi aziphuli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, emakethe ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlangabezana nezithombo, akubonakali ngokuhlanganiswa, kodwa kusuka etsheni. Kodwa-ke, kusukela edwaleni kunzima kakhulu ukukhula ngokunjalo uhlobo olufunayo. Phela, ngokukhethwa kwalabo abakhiqizi bezithombo bathola izinhlobo ezintsha zezihlahla.
Qaphela isiqu somuthi - kufanele kube yindawo ecaciswe kahle ye-inoculation ye-varietal graft cherry "Okukhulu-fruited".
Indlela yokutshala i-sapling cherry "Krupnoplodnaya"
Sesivele sikhulume ngenhla mayelana nokuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe yini. Ngakho-ke, ekulungiseleleni imigodi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungakhohlwa ngakho. Ipaki kufanele ibe kabili kakhulu futhi ejulile kunesistim, ngoba inani elikhulu lomanyolo kufanele lifakwe phansi. Ngokufanayo, isigamu somgodi sigcwele umquba ohlanganiswe nomhlabathi (inani lomquba kufanele libe ngamabhakede amathathu).
Lolu luhlaka luhlanganiswe futhi luhlanganiswe nenhlabathi, okungekho umquba owakhiwe kuwo ... Futhi, isigxobo esinamandla nesigxile kumele siguwe phansi emgodini, ngoba i-cherry esemncane ayinaso isitshalo esinamandla esingasimala kalula yizo zombili izilwane nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.
Okulandelayo, qhubekela phambili ekutshalweni okusheshayo kwe-sapling. Ngaphambi kokufika udinga ukuhlola kabusha izimpande zawo, ngoba ngisho nokugcina okucophelela, noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle kungabangela izimpande zome. Kule nkinga, ukulinganisa kufakwa emanzini amahora angaba ngu-8-9, futhi ngemuva nje kwalokho kugoba emgodini.
Ukusakaza kahle izimpande ebusweni besigundane, esiyidala ngokuthululela inhlabathi ehlwanyelwe emgodini. Kancane kancane ugcwalise umgodi ube yingxenye, bese uzama ukungalimazi izimpande, uhlanganise umhlabathi. Siphakamisa ibhakede lamanzi futhi siqhubeke sigcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba kuze kube sekupheleni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungangeni entanyeni ye-prikopat, kungcono ukushiya ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, ukuze uqhube ngamasentimitha angu-4-5.
Lapho sebegubha umgodi emhlabathini, bawubhala phansi futhi baphuze kahle. Ukunisela ungasebenzisa elinye amalitha angu-10-20 amanzi. Isikhala esizungeze isiqu sigcwele. Lokhu kuzogcina umhlaba unomswakama isikhathi eside.
Ukunakekela ezihlukahlukene "Krupnoplodnaya"
I-"Krupnoplodnaya" i-sweet cherry, nakuba ihlonishwa ukuvuna okukhulu kwamajikijolo amakhulu, noma kunjalo, ngokunakekelwa okungalungile, zonke izinzuzo zayo zingancishiswa kancane. Ikhwalithi yesitshalo ingathinteka ekutheni okungalungile kanye nomanyolo, kanye nokulungiswa okungalungile ebusika kanye nezihlahla.
Yini okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuchelela okufanele nokukhipha ama cherry?
Umswakama womhlabathiLapho i-cherry ikhula, udinga ukuqapha njalo. Engxenyeni ye-Ukraine nasesifundazweni esiPhakathi saseRussia, kanye nezifunda zayo eziseningizimu, umuthi udinga ukuphuza njalo. Ngomunye umuthi omncane cishe ngamalitha amanzi angama-20-40 afakwa phakathi nenyanga eyodwa.
Kumuntu omdala ne-fruiting sweet cherry, izidingo zizobe ziphakeme, futhi ukukhula kwayo okujwayelekile kudinga cishe ama-40-60 amalitha amanzi okunisela ngamunye. Kungokwemvelo, akudingekile ukuba imvula eningi imisele umuthi, futhi lapho engekho kungenzeka ukuba uhlanganyele kule nqubo kuze kube izikhathi ezine ngenyanga.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu akudingeki ukuba njalo njalo. Umuthi omncane, ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo owenziwe ngesikhathi sokutshala, ngeke udinga ukudla okungeziwe phakathi neminyaka emithathu yokuqala yokukhula futhi ngaphambi kokuba umuthi ungene. Okuwukuphela kwakho ongakhula ama cherry ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala yi-urea, okuzobe nomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni kwayo.
Ngonyaka wesithathu, ama-cherries azodinga i-nitrate ne-ammonium. Kodwa kuyingozi ngisho nokusebenzisa inani elikhulu lala manzi emhlabathini, ngakho-ke akufanele kusetshenziswe ama-gramu angu-25 kumakhilomitha angu-1. Kodwa okuhle kakhulu kuyothinta ukukhula cherry kanye ukwakheka amajikijolo Umanyolo organic - umquba obolile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungasenza isikhathi esingaphezu kwe-1 seminyaka engu-3. Njalo ngonyaka, ngaphansi kokumba kwembulunga yomhlaba ezungeze isiqu somuthi we-cherry, kungenzeka ukuletha umlotha okhuni.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane kanye neqhwa
Izinhlobonhlobo esikhuluma ngazo cishe Izinambuzane ezivamile aziyingozi. Ngisho nezinga lokulimala kwezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal "Izithelo ezinkulu" ziphansi kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme ukugcwala izithelo ngamakhemikhali ahlukene kanye nama-toxic amalungiselelo, kungcono ukungenzi noma yikuphi ukuphalaza ngaphandle uma kudingekile ngempela (emva kwakho konke, izinambuzane nezifo zingafinyelela kulezi zinhlobonhlobo zama cherry ezivela kwezinye izinhlobo ezikuyo; imvula noma isomiso, isihlahla singase sithathe izifo).
Ezindabeni ukulungiselela cherry "Krupnoplodnaya" ebusikaAsikho isidingo sokuphuthelwa yimiphi imininingwane. Isihlahla sinzima kakhulu ebusika, kodwa kuphela uma umgadi wensimu enakekelwa kahle. Okokuqala, udinga ukumba ngokucophelela inhlabathi bese uyinisela kakhulu (uma umhlabathi ungahambisani nemvula).
Umuthi omncane ebusika kufanele uhlanganiswe nesigxobo esikhethekile. I-trunk yomuthi igcwale iqhwa futhi, ukuze ivikeleke kumagundane, ihaqwe ukuphahlazeka. Kungenzeka ukuvikela isihlahla kusuka kumagundane futhi ngosizo lwegatsha le-spruce.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nezici zokusika ama cherry.
I-cherry enomnandi - uhlobo lomuthi oludinga umuthi onjani?
Ukwenziwa komqhele wama cherry kwenzeka ngokuzimela. Into eyodwa ebalulekile ukuba umlimi akwenze ukuqapha ukukhula komfaniswano wamagatsha ahlukene futhi, uma kunesidingo, mfushane umholi kancane. Ukudubula amahlumela amancane afanayo kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nezinye izihlahla zegadi - zifinyezwa ngu-¼ noma ingxenye ukuze kukhuliswe izinga lamajikijolo.
Kodwa-ke, kuyodingeka ukuthi ihlolwe ngokuma komqhele lapho kwenzeka ukuthi umuthi ubonakaliswe ngandlela-thile futhi umqhubi walo oyinhloko ahlupheke. Kulokhu, umqhubi oyinhloko uzoba nomncintiswano amaningi. Uma zivunyelwe ukuthuthukisa, lapho sezikhulile ezinye zegatsha ezinomncintiswano ezinamandla kakhulu zingaphuka ekuvuneni okuningi.
Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwabaphikisanayo, khetha owodwa okhula ngokuqondile futhi unamandla kunabo bonke abanye.
Kunconywa ukuba uchithe ngokushesha amagatsha abonakalisiwe nabathintekayo kanye namahlumela. Ngemuva kokunciphisa zonke izicucu zicutshungulwa. Lokhu kungcono ukusebenzisa i-sulphate yethusi. Uma ukusika kungenziwa ekwindla, inani lezinto kufanele likhulu kakhulu. Futhi, wonke amagatsha anqunyiwe kufanele abhujiswe ngosizo lomlilo.
