Iphayari ingabhekwa ngokufanele ngokuthi "indlovukazi" yezivande zethu, njengoba itholakale cishe yonke isakhiwo sekhaya. Kuzingane, uyazi kahle intandokazi yakhe kusukela ebantwaneni-candy-caramel ebuntwaneni. Leli gama livela egameni lezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezihlwabusayo zepeyari.
Izithelo "indlovukazi" ayibangeli ukusabela komzimba emzimbeni womuntu, okwenza kube nengozi kubantu abanobuhlungu bokudla okuthile. Amavithamini akhe kanye nezakhi zokulandelela ukusekela futhi unikeze umthamo wansuku zonke wezakhi.
Ngezansi sixoxa ngezinhlobo ezikhuliswa kahle emadolobheni. Phela, ukukhululeka kwemvelo kanye nendawo yezulu kuyenza izinguquko emisebenzini yabalimi. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukucabangela isitifiketi esifushane sezinto eziphilayo mayelana nepeyari.
Isici esincane se-Botanical
I-genus of pear ingokomndeni wezimbali ezibomvu. Igama lomndeni livela kumbala wesimilo sezimbali zomuthi, ohlanganisa ngo-Ephreli noMeyi. Igama lesiLatini livela ngamagama amabili: isihlahla (i-pirus) nezithelo (piru).
Izimbali zomuthi ziyizinsizwa. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Ezihlotsheni ezihlukene ngokobulili, lesi sakhiwo siqukethe kokubili i-pistil ne-stamen, evumela ukuba bavotwe yizinambuzane kanye nokuzivocavoca. Ibuye ivumele ukusetshenziswa kwamapheya njengempova yezinye izinhlobo zemithi yezithelo.
Iphayari ingabizwa ngokuthi i-long-liver yangempela yomhlaba, ngoba, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ingahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-300. Ngokwezimo, "indlovukazi yensimu" ayinamahloni, ukulwa nesomiso, ukubekezela usawoti, noma kunjalo, akuthandi uma umswakama uphela emhlabathini.
Isitshalo sabantu abadala sifinyelela kumamitha angu-25-30 ukuphakama, unomqhele we-pyramidal, kanti ububanzi be-trunk bufinyelela kumamitha angu-30 kuya ku-80. Izimpande zitholakala ezingeni lama-1-2 wamamitha, kodwa eziningi zazo zikhula ngobubanzi, ngakho-ke uma uhlwanyela ezinye izihlahla eduze naleso sici kufanele ucatshangelwe.
Kunamaqabunga amaningana amaqabunga, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo: konke, hhayi koboya obukhulu futhi ovate. Inzuzo enkulu yepey phezu kwezinye izihlahla zezithelo ukukhiqiza yayo. Yena iveza izithelo ngonyaka, ngokungafani ne-apula, engakwazi ukuthela izithelo njalo ngonyaka.
Ukwandisa isivuno samapheya kuyadingeka utshale izinhlobo eziningana eduzeukuze i-pollination ehamba phambili ivele. Kulesi simo, izithelo zizophikisana nokutheleleka kwezifungane. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zamapheya, kodwa ngezansi sizochaza kuphela lezo ezithuthuka kakhulu esifundeni saseMoscow.
Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ze-pear zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana: ehlobo, ekwindla nasebusika. Ukuhlukana kwabo kuyahamba ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Izinhlobo zokuqala ziyihlobo. Izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa ngo-Agasti, kepha zigcinwe kahle, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ngokushesha emva kokuvuna. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zehlobo zasehlobo zasePoscow ezivame kakhulu ezihlobo zasehlobo zaseLoscow zivame ukukhula: uLada, Vidnaya, Chizhovskaya, Tenderness kanye neKathhedral.
Manje sichaza izici eziyinhloko zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo.
Izincazelo zehlobo zasehlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya "Lada"
Ngenye yezinhlobonhlobo zakudala zasehlobo, ezibekezela kakhulu ubusika kahle futhi zingamelana nesomiso, kanye nokunqotshwa kwesifo sofuba. Isihlahla sisezingeni eliphakathi nesimo somqhele we-pyramidal.
Izithelo zifinyelela ku-100-150 gr. Izisindo zibe nombala ophuzi obomvu obomvu obomvu. Ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu kuhlanganiswa ngokumangalisayo nesakhiwo esiyingozi se-pulp, esicebile ezintweni ezisebenzayo ze-fructose ne-P. Ikhasi liqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka engu-3-4 emva kokutshala. Inikeza isivuno esiqinile njalo ngonyaka futhi imelana nomonakalo wesikhumba.
Mayelana ne-pear "ebonakalayo"
Izihlobo ezihlukahlukene zasehloboizithelo zazo zivuthwa eduze kwasekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Kuyinto futhi ebusika-imelana futhi iphikisana kakhulu nokutheleleka kwefungal. Izithelo zinamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti uma zivuthwa ngokugcwele - ama-orange stains avela.
Ubuso bepeyari bubuhlungu futhi bubuhlungu, okuvela khona elinye igama, i-bumpy, livela. Umuthi uqala ukuthela izithelo nxazonke ngonyaka wesihlanu, kodwa kufanele uqaphele ukuthi izithelo azivuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngakho-ke, isivuno singcono ukudubula ngezigaba eziningana.
Kuphephile ukugcina amapheya avuthiwe esihlahleni, ngoba cishe aziqhumeki. Uma uziqoqa, kungcono ukuyibuyisela kabusha ngokushesha, njengoba behamba kahle.
Izinhlobo Pear "Chizhovskaya"
Lenye yezinhlobo zehlobo zasehlobo ukumelana namaqhwa aqinile nezinye izifo. Umuthi uphansi, kufika kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama, nomqhele wokusabalalisa. Iqala ukuthela izithelo emva kweminyaka emithathu futhi inikeza isivuno esikhulu kakhulu.
Izithelo zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa inomthunzi obomvu ngaphezu kwama-50%. Ukunambitheka okumnandi nomuncu kuhlanganiswe ne-pulp ephuzi-elimhlophe, elinesakhiwo esibi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyakhulela, ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba isivuno sasebukhosini sihlwanyele nezinye izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya, isibonelo, uLada.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya "Ububele"
Izinhlobonhlobo eziphawulekayo, izithelo zazo isikhathi eside zingagcinwa ekushiseni kwezinga. Wadala ngokuwela ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili: Isihloko kanye ne-Favorite Clapp.
Umuthi ude ngokwanele izithelo kuso Ngivuthwe eduze kukaSeptemba. Lapho kuvuna, amapheya anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nombala obomvu endaweni ethile kwesithathu kwesibhakabhaka.
Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi, naphezu kwesikhathi sokuqala se-fruiting, ngonyaka ka-3-4 izithelo zikhulu kakhulu, kufika ku-200 amagremu, futhi mnandi okumnandi ukunambitha. Ukukhiqiza "Ukuthambekela" kuphezulu kakhulu futhi kunamathele emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okuvumela ukuba imelane namahora ethu.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo "Cathedral"
Enye yezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu ze-sredneletennyh zokutshala emadolobheni. Wakhe izithelo ezincane ezilinganisa amagremu angu-100, zivuthwe ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, futhi zibonakala ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi obuncane obunamafutha. Amafutha afanayo afana nenyama yesikhova, enomusa omuhle kakhulu omuncu namanothi amnandi.
Izinzuzo zalezi zihlukahlukene yilokho ukuvinjelwa kwesithwathwa, livuthwe ngokushesha, ligcinwe kahle, likhiqiza isivuno njalo ngonyaka futhi lingahamba ngezindawo ezide. Ukuphikisana nezifo ezitholakalayo kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukukhula emasimini asekhaya.
Akufanele sikhohlwe ngezinhlobo zekwindla kanye nobusika endaweni yesimo sezulu esinesithakazelo kuso.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zekwindla ezizuzisa ukukhula endaweni yesifunda saseMoscow, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-Muscovite, i-Favorite Yakovlev ne-Fairy Tale.
Inzuzo enkulu ekwindla izinhlobo zezinwele yilokho izithelo zingagcinwa isikhathi eside futhi zivuthwe phakathi nesigamu sesibili sangoSeptemba. Uma amapheya afakwa emanzini noma ephepheni, azolala endaweni epholile isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zamapheya.
Izincazelo zezinhlobo zekwindla
Amapheya ahlukahlukene "Muscovite"
Lokhu kungokwehluka kwekwindla yokuqala, okuyinto igcinwe kahleKuthunyelwa futhi kungadluliswa emthini ngesitshalo esikhulu. Isihlahla ngokwawo sincane, kodwa sinamagatsha anamandla amakhulu.
Izithelo zinamabala aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka nama-blotches of green, futhi uma zivuthiwe, amabala e-orange angalingani avele. Inyama iyamanzi, i-oily kancane enephunga elimnandi. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zivuthwa ngokusheshisa kwezithelo nokufaneleka kwazo ukusabalalisa kabanzi.
Ibanga "Izintandokazi Yakovlev"
Izinhlobonhlobo zibizwa ngokuthi udumo lomkhulisi uPN Yakovlev, owawuletha ngesipiliyoni ngesisekelo se-Institute. Michurin.
Izihlahla ziqala bear izithelo iminyaka 5-6 futhi uthuthuke njalo ngonyaka. Izithelo ezinamathele aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi, engxenyeni encane ebusweni kukhona amamaki amachashaza abomvu. Inyama i-yellow-cream-colored, enomnandi-mnandi ukunambitheka, ne-quince iphunga, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-astringency.
Futhi esakhiweni se-pulp kukhona amangqamuzana amakhulu e-stony. Isikhathi sokuvuna singaphakathi maphakathi no-September.
Mayelana nebanga "Fairy"
Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobo eziphakathi kwamapheya ziphakeme kakhulu, okwenza ukuvunwa kunzima, kodwa bona ngokwabo izithelo zinkulu kakhulu, zingafinyelela kuma-250 amagremu. Unemibala enhle eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala ophuzi, futhi banomdla omuhle wokuwasebenzisa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqoqwa, njengoba bengagcinwa ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili ngemuva kokususwa esihlahleni.
Kungasetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-juice amasha noma amazambane ahlambulukile. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zihle izithelo zakuqalaefanelekayo ukudayiswa kwezebhizinisi, ukumelana nezibungu zesikhumba nesilonda, kanye nekhono lokuphumula ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhwaza okuncane.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zasebusika zamapheya, izinhlobo ezimbili ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu ekuvuneni: "Usuku lwangathi" no "Petrova".
Asikho isidingo sokuhlukanisa incazelo yabo, ngoba zifana kakhulu, nakuba sizobona ukuthi kukhona umehluko. Izithelo zezinhlobo zasebusikanjengomthetho isusiwe phakathi no-Okthoba, futhi uma igcinwe kahle, izohlala kuze kube ngoMashi wonyaka olandelayo.
Lapho kuvuna, izithelo zinemibala eluhlaza, kodwa kamuva ziphenduka ziphuzi bese zingasetshenziswa, lapha izinhlobo zethu ezimbili zihlukile. Usuku lwangathi uMeyi uphenduka ngokuphuzi, futhi inyama iba yimibala ekhanda, kepha uPetrova akenzi. Igcina inhla eluhlaza futhi inyama enzima kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, esifundeni saseMoscow, izinhlobo zezimpapho zasebusika azizange zisakazeke kakhulu, njengoba ukushintsha kwezulu kwaholela ekuguqulweni kombuso wokushisa wendawo. Izithelo nje asinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuvuna, bese uqala ukungena. Sifake izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezikhule kakhulu emadolobheni - manje sidinga ukufingqa izimo zokulima.
Manje mayelana nezimo ezikhulayo
Indawo eseduzane neMoscow isendaweni ephakathi, okusho ukuthi kunobusika obubandayo kanye nehlobo elishisayo, futhi phakathi kwazo kukhona izikhathi zesikhashana: entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kukhona nesilinganiso esanele sokunisela, okunciphisa ukuchelela okwengeziwe.
Iphuzu elibaluleke kunayo yonke inqubo yokukhuphula ithini lamapheya ukutshala, ikakhulukazi ukufaneleka kokukhethwa kwendawo nesikhathi. Isitshalo se-Thermophilic, kodwa, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, kunqabana kakhulu ne-frost futhi kuyingozi kakhulu ekushintsheni indawo ensimini, ngakho-ke ukukhetha indawo efanele nokulalela ngesikhathi sokutshala isiqiniseko isitshalo esiphakeme nesigxili.
Izitshalo zingatshalwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kepha, ngokuhlakanipha ngokuthola isipiliyoni sezingadi, namanje zeluleka ukutshala izihlahla ezincane ekwindla. Kulokhu, kunesikhathi esikhethiwe uma amaqabunga esevele eshaqhakile emithini, kodwa kusesekude neqhwa, okungukuthi, isikhathi sesitshalo sesitshalo sesiphelile.
Ngokuba ukutshala izithombo ngokuvamile ukhetha 1-2-ubudala ubudala, ukunakekelwa eduze isimo izimpande.
Amagatsha ensimu enempilo enempilo ayoba yinkimbinkimbi futhi enamandla, engavumeli ukuba bahlupheke kakhulu esimweni sezulu esiphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla, umuthi unesikhathi sokusigxila kancane endaweni entsha ngaphambi kwamaqhwa futhi entwasahlobo isivele iqalile ukuqothula amaqabunga, okungenzeka kungakenzeki ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo.
Futhi, ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, kunengozi enkulu yokuthi iqhwa lingabhubhisa umuthi, ngoba lingenaso isikhathi sokutshala izimpande futhi lisetshenziswe imvelo. Ungakhohlwa ngokukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala isihlahla esizayo. I-pear isitshalo se-thermophilic, ngakho-ke kufanele banakekele izinhlangothi ezingeningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yendawo yabo.
Okulandelayo kuza ukufika. Lungisa imbobo kusengaphambili ukuze umhlaba uhlelwe. Njengoba sizobe sihlwanyela ekwindla, konke kufanele kulungiselelwe okungenani ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala. Ubukhulu bomgodi kumele okungenani kube ngu 60 * 60 * 60 cm. Uma ugoba, ungqimba oluvundile lomhlaba lubekwe endaweni eyodwa, kanti okuphansi, okuvuthiwe - kwesinye.
Ngezansi, umhlaba ukhululiwe ngokucophelela futhi uthululwa emgqeni ungqimba lwezwe elivundile, elixubene nomquba obolile, umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium kanye nomuthi wokhuni. Khokha ngokukhethekile umquba - akufanele ube mnandi. Ngesikhathi sokuqedwa, amagesi anobungozi akhiqizwa okungabangela isithombo esingenamandla ngokwanele ukuba some.
Khona-ke silala ngepulazi lomhlaba osele futhi sihlanganiswe kahle ukuze umhlaba ugcwalise isikhala esingenalutho phakathi kwezimpande. Emathunzini omuthi wenza i-roller yebumbaNgakho-ke, sakha umgodi wokunisela.
Amanzi 2-3 amabhakede wamanzi, futhi ubuso bubuningi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa utshani, u-hay, amaqabunga noma i-sawdust. Leyo mboni elula ngeke ivikele kuphela isitshalo ekushintsheni okungazelelwe kokushisa, kodwa ngeke ivumele ukhula luhambe.
