Ihhashi yisilwane esikhulu esihamba ngezinyawo ezine. I-front pair of legs ithwala u-65% wemithwalo, kanti i-back back - i-35% kuphela. Ngendlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, isakhiwo sezimoto zangaphambili zamahhashi senziwa izinguquko. Manje izitho zangaphambili zivumela ihhashi ukuba lihambe ngokushesha endaweni engakhululekile futhi imelane nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Kulesi sihloko, sibheka ukuhlelwa kwezitho zangaphambili zehhashi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, indlela yokusebenza nezifo ezivamile zezingalo nezinselo.
Ukuguqulwa kwesandulela sehhashi
Ukhokho wamahhashi anamuhla, i-orogippus, yayinezinyawo ezine eside, ezinezintambo ezine, ngomunwe ngamunye ophelile ngezinselo ezincane. Wayengazi ukuthi angahamba kanjani ngokushesha futhi efihliwe ezihlaselweni endaweni yezintaba, ekhuphuka emathafeni aphansi. Izinselo zakhe zaqala ukuqina, iminwe ephakathi - ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela kangcono nenhlabathi. Iminwe yamuva ye-orohyppus, ngokuphambene nalokho, yehle, yaguqukela phezulu yaphenduka yaba yizici. Amahhashi anamuhla, le minwe ikhona njengamathanga amancane angaphansi komzimba ohlangothini lwezinselo zombili.
U-Orohippus waqala ukuthutha emathonjeni weminwe ephakathi, ngaleyo ndlela akhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwenselo. Ngokuhambisana nokukhula kwezinselo, isivinini saso sanda, futhi sathuthela ezindaweni ezisezintabeni ezicebile ezitshalweni zokudla.
Kubalulekile! Uma iminwe ephikisayo ekhunjini ithuthukiswa ngokweqile, kumele isuswe ukuze kuthi lapho umuntu ekhulile isilwane asijabuli ngenkathi isebenza.
Isakhiwo sangaphambili sehhashi
Ingalo yangaphambili yehhashi yindlela eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa amathambo nemisipha, eyenzelwe imithwalo esindayo futhi ivumela isilwane ukuba sihambe ngokushesha futhi kalula. 
I-Scapula ne-humerus
I-scapula iyisisekelo esicaba sehlombe futhi ixhunywe ne-humerus ngokuhlanganyela kwehlombe. Itholakala ngezansi komugqa wokhuni nentamo, futhi ixhunywe entanyeni nasemkholwaneni womgogodla nge-collarbone.
Izinhlobo zezintambo ezidume kakhulu yizi: I-English eningi, iTinker, Friesian, iFalabella, i-Orlov trotter, i-Shire, i-Mousti, i-Shulen, i-Trakehner ne-Przhevalsky.
Inkomba yobude be-blade ithinta izimfanelo zokusebenza zesilwane. Ukuhlelwa kwesibalo kuphelile, i-scapula, ngokulandelana, incane. Isakhiwo esinjalo samasipha sinikeza ukuzinza okukhulu. 
Ukugibela amahhashi kunamahlumela aphakeme futhi ihlombe elide elibhekene ne-angle elincane phakathi kwalo ne-humerus. Uma isikhathi eside isikhathi eside kanye ne-angle yayo encane yokuthambekela ngokuqondene nehlombe, ukuqina ngokwengeziwe ukuhamba kwesilwane kanye nesinyathelo saso. Ngokwezinga lokuthambekela, i-blade ingaba yindima (i-angle enkulu), i-oblique (i-angle encane) nephakathi (i-angle evamile). I-blade ehlongozwayo ende ihlanganisa ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba, ejwayelekile ngamahhashi ohlanga.
Uyazi? Izingxenye ezibucayi kakhulu zomzimba wehhashi yizindebe nezindebe zayo! Naphezu kobunzima bayo, izinselo zigcwele iziphetho zezinzwa kanye nama-capillaries egazi. Ihhashi libonakala lizwa umgwaqo lapho lihamba nayo, futhi liqhuba umgibeli walo ngendlela ephephile. Ngaphandle kwama-horse hooves - Lokhu kuphumelela kakhulu kwezikhali zayo. I-hit nge-hoofed hoof ibhekwa njengendlela ebuhlungu kakhulu, kanti inselo engenazo izinhlanzi kungenzeka ukuthi ibulale isitha kunokulimala.
U-Elbow
I-well-muscled, i-elbow ephuthumayo ekuphumuleni kufanele icindezele ngokuqinile isifuba sesilwane. Uma i-elbow ihlelwe eceleni noma i-sags, isifuba nemilenze yehhashi ayitholakali kahle, futhi isilwane esinjalo ngeke sikwazi ukusebenza.
Hlela phambili
Ixhunywe ku-elbow nge-cartilage. Ehambayo nesikhathi eside, eqoqwe emathanjeni nasemathambo angama-radial. Ezingeni le-forearm kukhona imisipha ebaluleke kakhulu ehambisa i-metacarpus, ngakho-ke i-frontarm kumele ibe yimisipha futhi ide. Lesi sakhiwo sesilungu sinikeza isilwane isinyathelo esisheshayo. 
I-Wrist
Lesi yisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esinamathambo ayisikhombisa. Isikhwama kufanele sibe sikhulu, somile, ngokucacile sivelele ngaphezu kwe-metacarpus. Isikhumba esikhwameni esinempilo sithende kahle futhi sincane. Lapho ibhekwa phambili, amathambo e-carpal kufanele ahambelane futhi ahlangane.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba esihlakaleni nokuningi kwezicubu ezixhumeneyo kukhombisa ukuvuvukala kwangaphakathi okuthuthukayo. Ukuvuvukala kuvame ukufakazela ukuthi i-tenderon distension, lapho kwenzeka ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha.
I-Gangway nogogo
I-headstock iyindlela yokwenziwa kwentwasahlobo ukuthi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-putt, iyanciphisa ukukhula okuvela emanzini okushaya phansi. Umkhulu kufanele abe flat, hhayi clumsy. Uma kubhekwa ohlangothini luzobe libonakala ngeso lengubo yekhanda emhlabathini, ngokuvamile okuyi-60 °. Umkhulu uxhunywe nge-cartilage ngamajoyini namahlombe. 
Amalungu ahlanganisiwe kubantu abanempilo ayomile, anezinhlanzi futhi aqinile, ukuvuvukala isikhumba ngaphakathi kufaka amathambo amancane. Lawa mathambo asindisa umntanakho ekuguquleni. Njengoba amahhashi ekhula, ama-brushes aqinile avela ezinyaweni zokuqapha ezibopha, ezivikela isikhumba namathenda ekulimazeni.
Uyazi? Abantu baseMasai bahlonipha amahhashi ngezilwane ezingcwele. Kwacatshangwa ukuthi ilungu leMasai, elibulawa ngukushaya kwehhashi, lidluliselwa ngokushesha epharadesi. UMorvins akazange ahlehle ngemuva kweMasai - ukuhlonishwa kwamahhashi kwakukhulu kangangokuthi abesifazane bangakwazi ukugibela lezi zilwane, kuphela bagqoke iziketi ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi owesifazane angangcolisa isilwane esingcwele ngokuthinta izinyawo zakhe.
I-Pasties
Iqukethe amatshe amabili - i-metacarpal ne-slate. I-metacarpus kufanele ibe mfushane, ibushelelezi futhi ibanzi, ngezintambo ezibizwa. Ngokususelwa ekuhloleni kwamadlelo, hlola amandla emilenze yehhashi. 
I-Corolla nenselo
Ngaphansi kwezinselo kukhona amathambo amathathu: i-shuttle, i-coronary, i-hoofed. I-halo ye-beater itholakala ngaphezu kwethambo le-coronoid futhi inesibopho segazi.
Funda konke mayelana nokuzalisa amahhashi ekhaya.
Inselo emlenzeni wangaphambili wehhashi ububanzi kunasemva. Ubuso bezinselo luyizicabha, nomcibisholo omkhulu (i-groove emanzini owodwa), nesithambo esithende esincane. Ubumnyama umbala wokhuhlane, unamandla nakakhulu. 
Kwenzekani emlenzeni wehhashi uma usebenza
Amajoyina amahhashi enza njengamazinyo emnyango futhi angaphenduli ngendlela eyodwa kuphela. Phakathi nesinyathelo, inselo ihlaba phansi. Ugogo kanye ne-putt bone bathambisa le nsipho, bayifinyelele ngendleko yezintambo futhi badlulisele phambili kumetacarpus nesandla. Isigqoko sibophezele isinyathelo esilandelayo, imisipha idlulisela umfutho ophezulu ku-forearm, shoulder and scapula.
Kubalulekile! Ngokushesha isilwane sishukumisa, ukusakazwa kwayo okukhulu kakhulu, izikhwama ze-articular ezithuthukisiwe nakakhulu. Ihhashi elincane futhi elihamba kancane libhekene ne-rheumatism, i-edema nezinkinga ezinegazi.Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemvelo yemvelo yamahhashi. Kuyinto isinyathelo, trot, gallop futhi amble. Lezi zinhlobo zokunyakaza zihlukaniswa yijubane nokuqhubekela phambili kwezimpikiswano. I-gait ejwayele kakhulu futhi elula kakhulu yehhashi yisinyathelo lapho ukusekelwa kwenziwa ngokunye kokubili, bese kuthi emagumbeni amathathu. Okubunzima kunzima kakhulu, kubalulekile kumahhashi angasendle, kunzima kakhulu ukuqeqesha isilwane kule ndawo. Isilwane sihamba sihamba, siza kuqala ngakwesobunxele nangemilenze yangemva, bese phambili nangemuva.
Izifo zemilenze nezinselo zamahhashi
Izitho zomzimba ezinempilo - isihluthulelo somsebenzi wezilwane ophumelelayo futhi ophumelelayo. Izifo eziningi zezingxenye zamahhashi zenzeka ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungalungile nezimo ezimbi.
Brockdown
Isifo esivame kakhulu ukugibela amahhashi. Ivela ngenxa yokuqhekeka okuyingxenye yezintambo ze-flexor. Ithenda elilodwa noma amabili emetatarsus noma emathangeni angonakaliswa. Uma i-metacarpus negogo ihlala isikhathi eside, ingozi ephezulu ye-brockdown. Ngaphandle kokuthi ulayishe ngokweqile, i-Brockdown ingamcasula i-metacarpus enamandla kakhulu nesimo sokufa. 
Ukuqeda i-brocdaun, ukucindezela kweqhwa kusetshenziselwa amathononi abonakalisiwe ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala, izidakamizwa ezivamile zokulwa nezidakamizwa i-Phenylbutazone ilawulwa yi-corticosteroids yangaphakathi neyendawo, njengeDexamethasone.
Uyazi? Ilungelo lokubizwa ngokuthi ihhashi elincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni lilingezilwane okuthiwa yiThumbelina. Ngonyaka ka-2006, le nkinga yanezelwa eGuinness Book of Records. Ukuphakama kwayo ekubheneni kungama-43 cm, nesisindo - 25 kg. I-foal encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni ingumntwana ogama lakhe lingu-Einstein. Iyingxenye yohlobo lwe-pinto, futhi ekubelethweni kwalinganiselwa ku-2.5 kilogram.
I-rheumatism ehlangene
Lesi yisilonda esiningi se-cartilage ye-collagen izicubu ngamagciwane ase streptococcal. Ukugubha kwe-rheumatic kulandelwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obuhlala emahoreni ayishumi nambili kuya kwezinsuku. Isimo sokuvela kwe-rheumatism yizinto ezisezindaweni ezimanzi, izinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni emva kokuzivocavoca. 
Ihhashi, elihlushwa yi-rheumatism, igcina isilonda esisifo ngesisindo, siyihlambalaza. Ukuhlolwa nokulunywa kungabonisa ukukhukhumeza nomkhuhlane endaweni yokulimala. Iningi livame ukuthinta ama-hock, kancane kancane - ama-knee joints. Uma ungaphathi ukwelashwa, i-cartilage izokwandisa izikhathi ezinhlanu ngosuku, futhi i-lymph ingavela esikhumbeni. Ukwelashwa kokuhlasela okunamandla kwenziwa ngomjovo we-intramuscular of 15 ml weDiclofenac noma i-Reopirin.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ukwandise ukuphumelela kokwelashwa futhi unciphise isikhathi sokutakula, kubalulekile ukumboza ngokufudumele amalunga omzimba ngemva kokugaya futhi uma kungenzeka, bafake ama-heaters afudumele kuwo.
I-Edema (ukugcwaliswa) kwamalungu
Kuyinto elula ukuqina endaweni yokujoyina. Ihhashi alizizwa likhulu uma livela. Isizathu sokubukeka kuyindlela yokuphila ehlala phansi, ukufakwa kwamaketanga, imithwalo engavumelani nezilwane ezincane, izivunguvungu. Okusemandleni okuvimbela ukugcwaliswa kuzohamba izilwane okungenani izikhathi ezine ngosuku futhi ukulinganisa imithwalo. 
Amakhambi
Yenzeke ngenxa yokucindezela ngokweqile ngodonga, inamathele ehlathini elinamahlombe noma isikhathi eside esingaguquki. Kubonakala sengathi kukhula okwenziwe nge-horny bleached.
Uma uthola ummbila ehhashi, i-horsehoe kufanele isuswe ngokushesha, ummbila kufanele uchithe ngokucophelela, futhi isiphuzo sokuphuza utshwala kufanele sisetshenziswe endaweni ewonakele. Ukuze uvimbele ukubonakala kwamabele, udinga ukuhlola njalo uphinde uhlanze izinselo.
Uyazi? Igama lehhashi elivame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele nguZhu Han, okusho ukuthi "hamba kumnikazi" ngesiShayina. I-China inenani elikhulu lamahhashi kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuchaza ukuthandwa kwaleli gama.
Laminitis
Igama lesibili lesi sifo liyi-opoy. Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwendwangu encane yomshini (lamina) oxhumanisa ithambo le-coffin kuya esikhwameni sophondo. Lapho ungqimba lweshidi laminate linganikezwa ngegazi, izicubu zalo ziqala ukufa futhi zandise usayizi. Ihhashi elinamalahle libeka inselo phezu kwesithende futhi ngokushesha liphakamisa. Ukushisa kwendawo kwendawo kuphakama, imishanguzo engaphezu kwesibindi ngokuhlanganyela ngokushesha. 
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi ngodonga, okwenziwa yi-nitroglycerin lotions endaweni yengxenye ye-corolla. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, isilwane sihamba ngezinhlabathi ezimanzi, ezibandayo; kunikezwa ukujova njalo kwezidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, njenge-Heparin ne-Isoxuprin.
I-scaphoid bone
Isibangela sesifo salesi sithambo ngumthwalo owedlulele noma umthethosisekelo ongalungile wezindonga zezinselo. Izimbangela zangaphambili kuphela ezihlushwa yilesi sifo. 
Ihhashi iqala ukuphoqa, ukuguqa nokugoqa inselo engaphakathi emhlabathini ukuze unciphise ingcindezi endaweni ebuhlungu. Kunezinhlanzi zamahhashi ezikhethekile zomzimba, okufakwa kuzo kuzokwehlisa umthwalo esitokisini se-navicular bese kuqeda ukuzwa okubuhlungu.
Kubalulekile! Phakathi nesikhathi sokugqoka amahhashi amasha, ihhashi kufanele ijowe nge-intramuscularly ngezidakamizwa zendawo eziphikisayo. Isilwane esiqhubeka sizwa ubuhlungu emathanjeni siyobeka izinselo zayo konke okufanayo okungalungile, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokuvuselelwa kuyoba yilapho.
Osteit
Lokhu ukuvuvukala, bese kukhishwa umuthi we-coffin, okuwumphumela we-laminitis. Kuyenzeka ngenxa yokwehliswa kwemithi yezinhlanzi ezinamahlombe kanye nokuzamazama kwayo okuvamile. Isilwane sibonakala sithukuthele, siyashintsha umthwalo kusuka kwinqwaba yangaphambili ukuya emuva. Inselo ekhulelwe kufanele ihlanjululwe, ikhutshazwe i-disinfected futhi kabili ngelanga ibeke umoya ogcwele ngaphansi kwama-bandages ahlanzekile. Ngeke kwenzeke ukubuyisela ngokugcwele izicubu ezonakalisiwe, kodwa kukhona ithuba lokufaka amahhashi ngamahhashi aphansi kanye nesithende esinyene. Bazolinganisela ama-hoove futhi bavimbele ukusiyiselwa kabusha.
Zhabka
Kuyinto ukukhula okuyisisindo esizungeze ikhanda futhi kubangele ukulimala okukhulu kwesilwane esasihluphekile ngezinyawo. I-buildup iyakhula kancane kancane, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka endaweni yangakini.
Ayikho ikhambi le-frog. Ukukhulula isimo sesilwane ngokusinika izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka okukhulu.
Uyazi? Ihhashi elikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni alisaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu nesigamu. Ngawo-1840, ihhashi lazalwa eBedfordshire, eNgilandi, kamuva labizwa ngokuthi uSamsoni. Lapho uneminyaka emithathu ubudala, lesi siqhwaga sasilinganisa amathani angaphezu kweyodwa nengxenye, futhi ukuphakama kwawo ekubundeni kwakungamamitha ayi-20 cm. Ukurekhodwa kwalokhu okwakumele ukuzaliswa kwe-Shire akushaywanga okwamanje.
Mokretsy
Amagundane amahhashi amahhashi anemibala avame ukuthinteka futhi avele endaweni yokushayela. Ama-moth abizwa nangokuthi ama-squats, ukubukeka kwawo kubangela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane e-Dermatophilus congolensis. Isikhumba esithintekayo sigcwele ama-blister amancane, okuvuthwa, aqhume futhi agcwele ukwanda omnyama. Ama-Crusts ekugcineni ayanyamalala, futhi endaweni yawo ihlala isikhumba esicwebezelayo esibomvu esithwala imithwalo encane. 
Ukuze uvimbele ukutholakala kwamaphakathi egezayo, amahhashi akufanele avunyelwe emhlabathini omanzi, ongcolile. Uma usadingeka uhambe izilwane odakeni, kufanele ugeze amagatsha akho ngamanzi ashisayo ase-soapy futhi owomile. Ekubukeni kokuqala kwe-midge ehlabayo, kuyadingeka ukwelapha izindawo ezithintekile ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, unqume uboya obuzungezayo phakathi kwe-midge, uwasule imilenze eyomile bese uyigcoba nge-Liniment syngomycin.
Kubalulekile! Ezimweni eziphambili ze-midge ezihlabayo kuyadingeka ukubeka izijovo zendawo zepenicillin phakathi nesonto, 20 ml ngosuku ngalunye. Ama-blister aqhakazile kufanele abe yimpuphu nge-powder yamalahle noma i-streptocide, futhi ukuphulukiswa kwama-bran kufanele kufakwe kwi-crusts ephulukisiwe ukuphulukiswa okusheshayo ngaphandle kokulahleka.Izakhiwo zangaphambili zehhashi zakhiwe izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezivela emathanjeni, amalunga, futhi ziqedwa ngamagundane. Basebenza ngokuqinile ngokusheshisa okusheshayo futhi okuphuthumayo, bathola ukuthuthumela emhlabathini, bavumele isilwane ukuba siqondise. Impilo yemilenze yehhashi ixhomeke kwikhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwayo kanye nendlela yayo yokusebenza. Izilwane ezithwala imithwalo eningi ngokweqile zihlushwa ukuvuvukala nokulimala okumangalisa. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ikhambi elihle lazo zonke izifo zamalungu azoba ukuvimbela okwenzekayo.
