Abantu bafundile ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo ezindlini isikhathi eside. Akhula kahle egunjini, akhula ngokushesha, anikeze ukubumba, aqhakaze futhi ajabulele abaphethe bawo ngezithelo ezimnandi. Enye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu izitshalo ze-citrus zasendlini.
Izihlahla zeCitrus zikhula eNdiya, e-Australia, eChina, eJapan, ezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezisendaweni eshisayo. Kulezi zifunda, kuhlale kufudumele futhi kunomswakama, ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele unyaka wonke. Izithelo ezihlwabusayo nezihogelayo zikhula ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Izihlahla ezingaphansi kwezimo zemvelo zikhula zize zifike ku-12 m ukuphakama.
Izici zezitshalo ezikhulayo zamawolintshi zifaka phakathi ukukhula kwazo okungalingani: ukuthuthukiswa okuqhakaza kwamahlumela amasha kuhlangana nesikhathi esimanzi.
Amawolintshi enziwe ekhaya
Izithelo zeCitrus ngokuyinhloko zilungisa izitshalo, zingakhiqiza izitshalo kaningana ngonyaka.
Ukuthola izithelo, kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezihlanganisiwe noma ukusikwa okusikiwe kweCitrus.
Izimbali bisexual.
Yize izithelo eziningi zeCitrus zizinikeza izitshalo ngokwazo, abatshali bezimbali batusa impova yokufakelwa. Lokhu kuzonyusa isivuno sezithelo.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo sihlala izinyanga ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-9.
Ukusakazwa kwezitshalo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa imbewu, kanye nokusikwa nokuxhunyelelwa.
Izinhlobo zeCitrus Zasekhaya
Ngaphakathi kukhula izinhlobo eziningi zezithelo ezisawolintshi. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
- amawolintshi
- i-citron;
- i-tangerine noma i-mesh ye-citrus;
- i-kumquat noma i-fortunella;
- i-calamondine noma i-citrofortunella;
- ulamula
- izithelo zomvini.
Izifo zeCitrus
Izifo zingahlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka ngokomzimba okubangelwa ukuntuleka noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuwedlulele kwezinto zomkhondo.
Ezinye izinkomba zokukhulu noma ukuntuleka kwezinto zomkhondo:
- Amaqabunga abantu abadala aqinile futhi aphuzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen. Uma ukukhula ngokushesha kwamahlumela amasha kubonwa, lesi sitshalo siyakhathala futhi asiqhakaza, khona-ke i-nitrogen eningi emhlabathini kungenzeka.
- Amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi futhi aphelelwe amandla, ukuqhakaza kuthambile. Ukuntuleka okungenzeka kwe-phosphorus enhlabathini. Ngokweqile kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo, isitshalo siyakhula kahle futhi sikhule;
- Ipuleti lamaqabunga lihlanganisiwe, kwakheka imigodi kuwo, kuvela amaqabunga esiqeshini kanye nemithambo, amanye amagatsha ayaphela, amahlamvu awa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-potassium. Ngokweqile kwe-potassium, ukushiswa kwe-necrotic emdaka kuvela emaphethelweni eqabunga;
Iqabunga lelamusi ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium
- Ukukhula kwamaqabunga amancane angenaphutha, ukufa kwamaphuzu okukhula kucasulwa ukuntuleka kwe-calcium ne-boron;
- Ngokuntuleka kwensimbi, i-manganese, i-zinc noma isibabule, amaqabunga e-chlorosis abonwa (imithambo eluhlaza ibonakala kahle emaqabungeni aphuzi), amahlumela amasha ayaphela.
Isifo sesitshalo seCitrus singabangelwa izilokazane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- isigcabha ne-scabard yamanga (ukubukeka kwama-wax plaque kumaqabunga namagatsha);
- i-mealybug (ukubukeka kweziqalo ezimhlophe kuma-axils amaqabunga);
- ama-aphid (amahlumela amasha anqwabelana kwezinambuzane ezincane ezimnyama);
- i-spider mite (ifomu lamachashazi aphuzi emaqabungeni, inhlanganisela emhlophe iyavela ngezansi).
Izifo zokukhunta zifaka:
- i-malseko (amagatsha aphenduka abe mnyama, bese eqala ukoma);
- ukutholwa kwezinsini (ukubonakala koketshezi kusuka esilondeni emagatsheni kanye nesiqu);
Ukutholwa kwe-Gum
- i-anthractosis (ukubonakala kwezindawo ezimanzi eshidini, ezigcina zihlangane zibe yinye);
- i-Powdery isikhutha (inhlanganisela emhlophe emacembe).
Uma isifo sitholakale, kubalulekile ukulungisa ukuchelela nokugqoka okuphezulu kwesitshalo. Ngezifo zokukhunta, amagatsha awonakele ayasuswa bese ama-fungicides afafazwe.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasendlini Yasithelo
Ukuze i-citrus yangaphakathi ikhule ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi ithele izithelo, kubalulekile ukuhlela ukuthambisa okulungile, ukukhanyisa, futhi nokusungula izinga lokushisa elikhulu nomswakama.
Imodi yokunisela
Ukunisela izitshalo kufanele kube okulinganiselayo nokujwayelekile. Abazithandi isomiso, kepha ukubhala amanzi nawo akwamukeleki kubo. Isiginali sokunisela yisendlalelo somhlabathi owomile ongaphezulu. Ehlobo, ukuthambisa kwenziwa nsuku zonke, ebusika - uma kunesidingo, into esemqoka ukuthi inhlabathi ayomile.
Ukunaka! Ngemuva kokuniselwa kahle, ingxenye yamanzi kufanele ingene epanini.
Ukushisa kanye nomswakama
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe okujwayelekile kanye nezithelo zezitshalo, izinga lokushisa elisetshenziswayo kufanele libe kububanzi ukusuka ku-+18 kuya ku- + 22 ° C. Ukuhola okuphezulu nokuphansi kuya ekuvinjelweni kwentuthuko yokubumba.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, imbiza yezimbali ingakhipha iye kwi-loggia noma kuvulandi.
Kuyadingeka futhi nokugcina umswakama ongaba ngu-70%. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ehlobo, sula amaqabunga ngendwangu emanzi, faka umswakama lapho eduze kwembiza yezimbali noma ufafaze isitshalo ngamanzi athambile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Umanyolo usetshenziswa kuphela ngenkathi yokukhula. Ukugqokisa okuphezulu kwenziwa enhlabathini eyanyiswe kuqala.
Ukuze ulondoloze ama-microflora azuzayo sebenzisa isidakamizwa i-Baikal noma i-East EM-1.
Ungondla ngamanyolo we-organic. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha ukumanyiswa womquba wamahhashi ngesilinganiso se-100 g nge-1 litre lamanzi. Faka umanyolo amaviki ama-2.
Ungasebenzisa ukumiliselwa umquba wezinkukhu noma umquba wenkomo engxenyeni engama-40 g nge-1 litre lamanzi.
Nakani! Ukwenza umanyolo wamaminerali usebenzise umanyolo okhethekile wezithelo zezitrus.
Umanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-organic usetshenziswa ngokuhlukile njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10.
Izingxube ze-Nitrous azisetshenziswa ngenkathi yezimbali. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sidinga i-phosphorus ne-calcium.
Izitshalo zasebusika
Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele lehliswe. Uma igumbi lifudumele, izinqubo ezibalulekile zesihlahla zizoqhubeka ngenkuthalo. Njengoba i-photosynthesis ye-citrus ihamba kancane ngalesi sikhathi, isitshalo asitholi amandla. Ngenxa yalokho, umuthi uzoncishiswa, lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwawo.
Lesi sikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokuphumula. Kuqala ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari. Lapho-ke izinkuni zivuthwa ku-citrus, amahlumela amasha awakhuli.
Ukushisa komoya ngalesi sikhathi kugcinwa kuya ngohlobo lukawolintshi. Ukuze ulondoloze usuku olukhanya amahora ayi-12 ama-citruse ahlela ukukhanyiswa okungezona.
Bone Orange Ekhaya
Umuthi we-orange ungatshalwa ekhaya kusuka imbewu yemawolintshi ethengiwe esitolo. Kodwa-ke, kuleli cala ngeke liqhakaze ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-7-10. Embizeni, ingafinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama.
Umuthi we-Orange
Uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno ngokushesha, kungcono ukusithela i-orenji noma ukusakaza usebenzisa izithombo. Ngemuva kokugoma noma ngemuva kokutshala izihlahla zokusika, isitshalo ungaqhakaza eminyakeni eyi-3-4.
Izimo zokuhluma imbewu yewolintshi
Ukuze ukhule ube yisithombo, kufanele unamathele kule nqubo elandelayo:
- Ukulungiswa kwezinto zembewu;
- Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi neziqukathi zezithombo ezikhulayo;
- Ukuphindisela imbewu;
- Ukuhlwanyela ukunakekela;
- Shayela uphinde udlulise izithombo okuqediwe.
Kungcono ukutshala i-orange ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuze ukukhanya kwemvelo kwezithombo kwanele.
Ungazikhetha kanjani izithelo zokuvuthwa ozifisayo futhi uhlukanise ithambo
Ukuthola imbewu, udinga ukuthatha izithelo ezivuthwe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokulimala nokubola. Amawolintshi avuthiwe anephunga elithile eliqondile, anesisindo esindayo. Izithelo kufanele zipendwe ngokulinganayo futhi zingabi namabala.
Imbewu zikhethwa ngokuzungeza kakhulu, zikhulu futhi zinempilo yomzimba ngokugcwele. Bayakhululwa ngokushesha epulpini, bagezwe ngamanzi bese bemanzi amahora ayi-12-24 emanzini noma isisombululo se-Epin noma esinye isivuseleli sokukhula. Ukucwilisa kuzothambisa igobolondo langaphandle lembewu, okuzovumela imbewu ukuba ikhule ngokushesha.
Ukunaka! Imbewu eyomile yokuhluma ayisetshenziswanga, njengoba ikhasi elinobukhulu livimba ukuhluma.
Ukulungiswa kwengxube yenhlabathi nokukhethwa kwembiza
Inhlabathi yokutshala ingathengwa esitolo, ungazenzela ngokwakho. Ukulungisa ingxube yenhlabathi usebenzisa ishidi lomhlaba, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat, kuthathwe ngokulingana, noma enhlabathini wephepha ne-peat.
Ngokuhlwanyela, ungasebenzisa iziqukathi ezincane ezinezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.
Izinyathelo Zokulungiselela Imbewu
Phansi kwembiza kubeka ungqimba lwamanzi odaka olwandisiwe, i-vermiculite, njll. Inhlabathi ithululelwa ngaphezulu futhi igoqeke kancane.
Ukutshala nokukhulisa izithombo
Imbewu kufanele itshalwe ngokujulile, ifinyelele ekujuleni kuka-1-1,5 cm.
Amabhodwe alungiselelwe abekwa endaweni efudumele. Ukukhanyisa kulesi sigaba akudlali. Ukwakha umphumela wegreenhouse, ambozwe ngenhla ngesiqephu se-polyethylene noma ngebhodlela lepulasitiki elisikiwe.
Ungahlumanisa imbewu ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka indwangu esitsheni, ebilungiswe kuqala. Kubekwa imbewu kuyo, embozwe ngendwangu emanzi. Hlela abamba ukushisa. Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa, imbewu izohluma. Ngemuva kokuvela, izithombo zidluliselwa endaweni ekhanyiselwe kahle.
Lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-2, izithombo zidinga kudayiswa, lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-4, atshalwa ngokudluliselwa endaweni yaphakade.
Izithombo zesihlahla se-Orange
Izimbiza ezinezithombo zibekwa kuma sill eningizimu-mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga.
Ukunisela irekhodi for ithambo futhi ihlumela
Lapho imila imbewu, inhlabathi akufanele idakwe futhi ifakwe amanzi amaningi. Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile umhlaba ufafazwa ngamanzi avela kusibhamu sokufafaza. Ngemuva kokuvela, inhlabathi kufanele futhi ibe neswakama ngokulinganisela.
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kweCitrofortunella (iCaladiumin)
Kalamandin yini
Esinye isitshalo sikawolintshi esihlala sikhona esinegama elihle yi-calamondin citrus. Kwavela njengokuwela i-kinkan nezitshalo zeMandarin. Ibizwa nangokuthi yi-Chinese tangerine ne-orange yegolide. Ukhule emakamelweni, kanye nasezingadini zasebusika. Ingahanjiswa ngesimo esejwayelekile noma ngesimo se-bonsai.
Bonsai calamondin
Kwi-vivo, ikhula isuka ku-3 iye ku-7 m ukuphakama, ekhaya - isuka ku-0,6 iye ku-1.5 m.
Izimbali zimhlophe, ziyaziphula.
Izithelo ze-calamondine ziwolintshi ngombala, ziyindilinga, zithambile kancane ngaphezulu nangaphansi, zifinyelela kusayizi ongu-4,5 cm. Inyama ene-acidic, enezinhlamvu ezingama-6-8, embozwe isikhumba esimuncu esinamakha.
Ukunakekelwa
ICitrofortunella ikhula kahle ezindlini. Ukunakekelwa kweCaladiumine ukudala izimo ezifanele zokuthuthuka nezithelo zesitshalo.
Ukukhanyisa
Enye yezidingo zokunakekela i-calamondine ekhaya yinhlangano yokukhanyisa. Isikhathi sasemini akufanele sibe ngaphansi kwamahora ayi-12, ngakho-ke ebusika kunesidingo sokukhanya kokufakelwa. Ehlobo, kungcono ukubeka i-citrus hybrid engadini. Indawo kufanele ibe nomthunzi omncane ukuze ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kungaweli kuso.
Imodi yokushisa
Ngenkathi yokukhula, izinga lokushisa elisetshenziswayo kufanele libe kuhla kusukela ku-+18 kuya ku-27 ° С. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu, lesi sitshalo sizolahlekelwa izithelo.
Izithelo zeCaladiumin
Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, amazinga okushisa ancishiswe abe ngu- + 10-15 ° C.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Inhlabathi esembizeni kufanele ibe nomswakama olinganiselayo. Nisela isitshalo ehlobo nsuku zonke, ebusika - hhayi ngaphezulu kwesikhathi esingu-1 emavikini ayi-1-2.
Ukuchelela, amanzi kufanele abe athambile futhi izinga lokushisa legumbi. Ngemuva kokunisela, amanzi athulule epanini ayasuswa. Uma umoya womile, ngaphezu kwalokho fafaza umqhele.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Umanyolo usetshenziswa ngenkathi yokukhula isikhathi se-1 ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezithelo zezitrus.
Ukunaka! Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ukugqoka okuphezulu akwenziwa.
Ingxube yomhlaba
Inhlabathi ayithathi hlangothi. Ungathatha i-primer ekhethekile yamawolintshi. Ukulungiselela umhlabathi ngokwawo, thatha izingxenye ezi-2 zomhlaba wefudu nengxenye eyodwa yomquba nesihlabathi.
Ungayinakekela kanjani umuthi kalamula ekhaya
Ukunakekelwa kwelamula, njenganoma iyiphi enye i-citrus, kuqukethe enhlanganweni efanele yezimo yokuthuthuka kwayo. Izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu zokukhula ezindlini yiPavlovsky, i-Eureka neMaykop.
Isihlahla selamula
Ukukhanyisa
Isikhathi sosuku lwesihlahla sikalamula kufanele okungenani sibe ngamahora ayi-12. Izindawo ezifaneleka kakhulu ingasempumalanga nasempumalanga entshonalanga.
Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile akufanele kuvunyelwe ukuwela emaqabungeni esitshalo. Uma imbiza yezimbali itholakala efasiteleni eliseningizimu, khona-ke ehlobo udinga ukukhipha izithelo. Ebusika, ukukhanya okwengeziwe kuhlelwe emahoreni kusihlwa.
Imodi yokushisa
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kubalulekile ukugcina amazinga okushisa angema ngaphezu kwama-20 ° C, uma kungenjalo amazinga okushisa aphezulu azokwenza izimbali ziwe.
Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lisuka ku-+14 liye ku-+ 16 ° С lizoba ilelamula impela.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Ngokuya ngokushisa komile nomoya, ukuthambisa kwenziwa nsuku zonke ehlobo noma kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2, ebusika - izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvimbela ukubola kwezimpande, amanzi asele epanini ngemuva kokunisela ayakhanywa.
Kungcono ukuthi uhlanze amaqabunga othulini nasekungcoleni okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa i-photosynthesis yesitshalo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile kwesitshalo, kunconyelwa ukwenza ukugqoka okuphezulu ngamakhompiyutha amaminerali ngesikhathi 1 kumaviki ama-2 ngesikhathi sokukhula (ukusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba). Umanyolo usetshenziswa ngemuva kokunisela. Ungasebenzisa ukumiliselwa umquba wezinkomo kanye nokumnika womlotha wokhuni. Umanyolo aguqulwe kakhulu.
Ingxube yomhlaba
Lapho ufaka ulamula, sebenzisa ingxube yomhlaba eyenziwe ngomumo noma uzenzele yona. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-peat, i-turf kanye nehlabathi elinamaqabunga, isihlabathi kuxutshwa ngokulingana okulinganayo.
IMandarin: ukulinywa nokunakekelwa kwasekhaya
Lokhu kungenye i-citrus ekhula kahle endlini futhi inikeze izithelo ezihlwabusayo nezinephunga elimnandi.
Ukukhanyisa
Indawo efanelekayo kunazo zonke zalesi sitshalo ngama-sill aseningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kubalulekile ukuvikela i-mandarin elangeni eliqondile. Ukuvikela, iwindi lingambozwa nge-gauze. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika kudinga ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe okufakiwe.
Isihlahla seTangerine
Imodi yokushisa
Izinga lokushisa elilungele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-mandarin lingu + 20 ° C. Ngokuhlanza okuphumelelayo, kungcono ukusetha amazinga okushisa egumbini + 16-18 ° C. Ukuze ubusika busetshenziswe ubusika, amawolintshi udinga izinga lokushisa lika + 14-16 ° C.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Ukunisela kwenziwa ngamanzi afudumele afudumele ehlobo nsuku zonke, ebusika - kanye njalo emavikini ama-2. Inhlabathi kumele ibe manzi ngokulinganayo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Yondla isitshalo siqala ngo-Ephreli size siphele ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ama-tangerine awondli. Uma ungavundisi, izithelo ziba nomunyu.
Ingxube yomhlaba
Ukulima sebenzisa inhlabathi ekhethekile yamawolintshi. Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi okuzimele thatha izingxenye ezimbili zenhlabathi yamaqabunga, 1 ingxenye yomhlabathi we-humus, isihlabathi nomhlaba wesod.
Isihlahla samagilebhisi ekhaya
Njenganoma yisiphi izithelo zamawolintshi, izithelo zomvini ziyokhula futhi sithele izithelo kuphela uma izimo zentuthuko ezinhle zibhekelwa sona.
Ukukhanyisa
Isikhathi sosuku kufanele sithathe amahora angama-10-12. Ebusika, bahlela ukukhanyisa kusihlwa, uma usuku lunamafu - usuku lonke.
Izithelo zomvini owenziwe ekhaya
Imodi yokushisa
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe kububanzi + 20-27 ° С, ebusika - + 4-8 ° С.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe manzi, kepha ingabi manzi. Ehlobo, ukuthambisa kwenziwa nsuku zonke, ebusika - isikhathi esingu-1 ngesigamu senyanga.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Galela lesi sitshalo isikhathi esisodwa ngobusuku obunye phakathi kuka-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba. Ebusika, ukugqoka phezulu akwenziwa.
Ingxube yomhlaba
Njenganoma yiliphi i-citrus, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-Lemon. Ukuzilungiselela, bathatha izingxenye ezilinganayo zenhlabathi ye-turf kanye ne-humus, izingxenye ezimbili zenhlabathi enamahlamvu nengxenye yesihlabathi.
Ukubona imithetho elula yokunakekelwa kwezithelo zamawolintshi, ungahlala ukhula izihlahla ezincane ekhaya ezizothokozisa abahleli ngezithelo ezimnandi nezinephunga elimnandi.
