Ukuze ukukhula okuphumelelayo nokuhluma izihlahla zezithelo ensimini, kumele kukhuliswe ngokuzinakekela nokuzinakekela. Esinye sezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunakekelwa okunjalo ukusika izihlahla zegadi. Lo mthetho awuhambisani nomuthi we-apricot, okhanya kakhulu-okudingekayo futhi unamagatsha amakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo amagatsha aguquguqukayo.
Ngakho-ke umqhele womuthi awukhuli, futhi waqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, isitsha sesitshalo senziwa njalo ngonyaka. Ukukhiqiza izihlahla kanye nomuthi osekhulile kakade. Le nqubo yenziwa ngenhloso yokuvuselela umuthi nokuvimbela ukuqina kwamagatsha awo. Kanjani kahle, futhi nini ukwenza lokhu, sichaza ngezansi.
Mayelana ne-Apricot Trimming Scheme
Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezikhona, ezihlukaniswe ukusika izihlahla, ukulawula, ukuvuselela, ukuvuselela nokuhlanzeka. Ngakho-ke, umuthi omncane uhlotshaniswa ukusika izihlahla, okukuvumela ukuba unike umumo othile kumqhele wawo, ukugqugquzela umsebenzi wokwandisa umthamo wamagatsha nokuthola i-fruiting yangaphambili yomuthi.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokusika izihlahla ukugcina isivuno emalini etholakele futhi kuvimbele ukukhula komuthi ukuba buthakathaka.
Ukuvuselela izihlahla kuyenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwamagatsha, ukugqugquzela ukubukeka kwentsha, ukujwayela ukuhluma, ukulinganisa umthwalo wesitshalo, nokuvimbela ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yezithelo.
Izihlahla zokubuyisela kabusha zisetshenziselwa kakhulu lapho kunomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini nokuqhwaza kwesihlahla.
Zonke izinhlobo zokusikaNjengomthetho, ungasebenzisi yedwa, kodwa hlanganisa nomunye nomunye.
Enye yemigomo yokusika amagatsha ka-apricot yikwakheka umqhele wayo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamahlumela amasha njalo ngonyaka. Zombili lezi zihlahla ezinye ziyakhiqizwa ngokusho kwesimiso esithile, okumele uwazi.
I-Krone i-apricot tree ngezikhathi eziningi inqunywe indlela encane . Kodwa kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokwenza umqhele wesihlahla. Lena indlela ebizwa ngokuthi uhlelo oluphucukisiwe lwesitsha nge-single-level single placement branch, futhi ukwakheka kwesihlahla endaweni engalinganiselwe, lena yindlela okuthiwa ngayo yokwehlisa umqhele.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele womuthi ngendlela yokusika izihlahla ezincane okwenziwa kancane ngokuqhutshwa kwamagatsha okuqala ama-5-7 anesigamu se-35-40 cm phakathi kwawo. Indlela yokugcoba umqhele isetshenziswe uma kudingekile ukuthola ukuhluma kokuqala kwesihlahla, kanye nokuvunwa okusezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukwakha umqhele we-apricot uqala ngamagatsha okusika atholakala ku-0.9 m ukusuka emhlabathini. Okokuqala, amagatsha amabili anqunywe ngesigamu, atholakala eceleni komugqa omkhulu. Khona-ke bonke abanye banqunywa endandeni, ngenkathi beshiya kuphela umqhubi omkhulu 20-25 cm ngaphezu kwamagatsha amakhulu. Ehlobo, banquma amagatsha akhula ngecala elimangalisayo, namagatsha akuzona eziyinhloko.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, ukufakwa kwamagatsha amakhulu kuqhubeka, kusukela ngo-35-45 cm, ukudala umyalelo wesibili wokuhlanganisa, ngenkathi ungakhohlwa ukuhlelwa kwamagatsha nomqhubi ophakathi. Amagatsha angadingekile akhula phezu kwesiqu aphenduka abadlulayo abafinyelele, ngenkathi beqinile amagatsha omnyaka owodwa-60 cm ubude obunqunywe ubude obuyingxenye, nokunye okuningi, futhi ngaphezulu nokuncane akuqedi nhlobo. Umqhubi oyinhloko unqunywe ngaphezu kwegatsha elikhula ekugcineni.
I-apricot evumela ukuba ilulame isihlahla, ngenkathi isusa amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi kwesitshalo futhi ayiqede. Ukusika izihlahla futhi kwenziwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela aqinile, okuyiwona okwenza ikakhulukazi izithelo, nokuvimbela izitshalo ezithwala kakhulu kanye ne-alopecia yamagatsha awo.
Kukhona ukusika izihlahla zezithelo ezivuselelayo, okwenziwa uma kwenzeka ukumiswa kokukhula kwamahlumela esitshalo.
Lolu hlobo lokudubula lusekelwe ekutheni ikhono elihle kakhulu le-apricot lizoyilungisa. Ukudubula kwenziwa ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi amahlumela esihlahla sonyaka asakhulile afike ku-30 cm ubude. Le nqubo yenziwa ngokudlulisela amagatsha ase-lateral endaweni ephakeme yokukhula kwehlumela.
Nciphisa i-apricot ekwindla
Isihlahla sama-apricot sihlukile kwezinye izihlahla zezithelo kulokho i-ovary yakhe ayikhiphi ngokuzimela, futhi kusukela ezinengi ze-inflorescences zayo zivuthwe izithelo. Lesi sici sesihlahla sesithelo sibangela ukugqithiswa okukhulu kwezithelo, futhi lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni isiko nokuqeda amagatsha awo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kulondolozwe isimo esivamile nesilinganisiwe sezithelo, amaqabunga namagatsha omuthi, kufanele kwenziwe okwethenjelwa kwekwindla. Ekuseni kuveza ukusika, ukulawula nokuvuselela izihlahla.
Yimiphi imingcele yokukhipha izihlahla?
Ukusika izihlahla ze-apricot ekwindla kuqhutshwa ngo-Okthoba, futhi ikakhulukazi phakathi kwawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akuzona zonke izinhlobonhlobo ze-apricot ezidayiswa ekwindla, kodwa kuphela izinhlobo zokuqala nezangaphakathi zalesi sitshalo.
Ukubuyiselwa kokukhula emthini kwenziwa ngokusika okukhulu kakhulu kwezinkuni ezingapheli. Ngokufanayo, eminyakeni yesibili nesithathu ngemva kokutshala lesi sihlahla, ingxenye yesithathu yamagatsha esithelo isusiwe, besebenzisa isimiso esingavamile sokufaka amahlamvu angama-5-6 we-skeleton plant. Ngalesi sikhathi, abalimi bezobuchwepheshe bancoma futhi ukuphoqa amagatsha amakhulu, avela amaqabunga angu-12-15.
Izitshalo ezinamahlumela omude ezitshaliwe zifinyelelwa ngamasentimitha angu-50. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke izicucu emthini zenziwe nge-saw, ummese obukhali kakhulu, noma izingcwecwe, ngenkathi ukwenza lokhu ngokucophelela, ukuze ungathinti izinkuni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukucubungula zonke izigaba emva kokusoka nge-pitch yangaphambili ekulungisiwe.
I-Autumn izihlahla zama-apricot
Inhlanzi yasekuseni ichitha ukufaka, ihlanzekile, kanye ne-apricot tree yokuguga. I-apricot ifakwa emgqeni njengoba ifunwa, yenza isitsha, i-palmette noma i-shrub. Kulesi simo, ngisebenzisa uhlelo oluthile oluthile lwezintambo.
Ngentwasahlobo, isihlahla sesithelo sithelwa okokuqala. Ukwehla kwenziwa ngezinsoelisehlangothini oluphambene nesayithi lokuhlanganiswa. Lokhu kwenziwa ukugcina ukukhula okuqondile kwe-trunk ephakathi.
Umsebenzi wokusoka okutshalwe ngemuva kokutshala ukulimala ukulungisa ukwehluleka okukhona esakhiweni somqhele omncane, kunqume indawo, ubungakanani, namandla amakhulu amagatsha amakhulu akhula, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umqhubi uyindawo ehamba phambili.
Ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla entwasahlobo
Ukusika izihlahla zama-apricot kusetshenzwa ngemuva kokushisa kwezinga lokushisa, kuze kuvele amaqabunga kuqala.
Isihlahla sokuqala sesihlahla emva kokutshala senziwa ngonyaka wezinsuku okungenani wamasonto amathathu kuya kwangu-4 ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo.
Uma izitshalo zasehlobo ezimbili zisetshenziselwa ukubeka insimu, izihlahla zokuqala ziphinde zenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngonyaka emva kokutshala. Ngalesi sikhathi, amagatsha ngeke anikeze inzuzo enamandla, futhi imithi engakaqedwe, ngenxa yokukhula kwamaqabunga endaweni enkulu, izokuthuthukisa i-rhizome eqinile.
Ukusika izihlahla kanye nokuhlanzwa komqhele eyomile, ekhula ngokungavuthi, amagatsha okuqina kungenziwa kukhiqizwa kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa komuthi ngasiphi isikhathi.
Ukusika izihlahla ze-apricot ehlobo
Ehlobo, izihlahla zezithelo ze-apricot zihlungwa kabusha. Ukusika izihlahla zama-apricot kusihlobo ekwenzeni ukwakha inani elikhulu lamagatsha amasha nokuthungwa kwezingxenye ezingenalutho zamagatsha amancane namasipha.
Ukuhluma kwehlobo kwasekuqaleni kunikeza ukukhula okuqinile emthini, isitshalo sinesikhathi sokubuyisela ubungcwele bayo, nokubeka amaqabunga athelayo emahlumela aphansi. Ekupheleni kwezihlahla zasehlobo, ukukhula kwesibili akukwenzeka, kanti umuthi awuhlwanyeli ukuhluma kwezimbali, kuyilapho isembozo seqabunga sinciphisa. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi amanxeba aphethwe ehlobo, uphulukise kahle.
Isikhathi se-trim ehlobo
Ukudubulaokuyinto evuselela izinkuni okhiqizwa ekuqaleni kukaJune. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, unyaka emva kokudubula okunjalo, ukwanda kwe-fruiting, izithelo zibe zikhulu futhi zibe nemfanelo eningi, futhi ukukhubazeka kwezinkuni kunciphisa. Imiphumela yokusika izihlobo ehlobo ingajabula iminyaka emithathu. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa iminyaka emithathu kanye.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi uma umuthi ungenawo umswakama noma ukungenwa ngokwanele kwezakhi zomzimba, ukusika izimpondo ngoJuni akufanelekile, lokhu kungabhubhisa kakhulu isimo sesitshalo.
Amaphi amathuluzi ongawasebenzisa
Uma uhlela ingadi, umgadi wensimu we-novice kufanele nakanjani athole imishini edingekayo.
Ngokunjalo, ngokunakekelwa kwezihlahla zezithelo hhayi kuphela, kuyadingeka:
- umoya noma isandla se-pruner
- ingadi, ukukopisha kanye ne-inoculum i-grafting
- ifayela legadi
- ifayela le-triangular
- unamathisele okhethekile
- ukulungisa ibhande kanye nensika yokusika
- i-whetstone nebha
- i-twine yokuthola amagatsha
- ngokuqeda izilonda zesisu
- kusho ukuvala kwabo (ingadi, ukudweba)
Silungiselela amathuluzi womsebenzi
Okokuqala, konke ithuluzi kumele lihlolwe ngokucophelela. Insimu yokuqhafaza, umnirovochny kanye nommese we-kopulirovochny ukuqala ukususa i-chamfer. Emikhawulweni enjalo, njengombuso, itholakala ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ugalelwa kuze kubonakale kusukela ekugqeni kwekhasi kuya emgodini, ngisho nomcengezi ngaphandle kwemigqa kanye namabhulogi.
Emva kwalokhu, ukuqinisa ummese kuqhutshwa ebhasini elihle. Kuze kube sekugcineni, umgodi wommese, lapho i-chamfer ikhona khona, ucindezelwe ibha noma igogi phezu kwendawo yonke, ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo iqhubekela phambili nangaphezulu, iqala kusukela emaphethelweni angenhla elayini kuya emaphethelweni angaphansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze ugweme ukuvinjwa, ngalesi sikhathi, lungisa kahle i-blade sting.
Emva kwalokho, ummese ulawulwa yi-whetstone. Ngesikhathi sokubukisa, ibha kanye nesondo liyanamanzi ngamanzi amaningi. Lokhu kwenziwa ukukhipha i-sawdust kusuka ensimbi nase-carborundum nasemasimini ama-graphite.
Ummese wokuhlanganiswa uphinde ulungiswe ngaphezu kwebhande eliye lagcwala ngaphambilini ngokunamathisela okhethekile. Uma ubukhali beli thuluzi kufana nokubukeka kwensimbi, kulungele ukusebenza. Uma ummese wensimu ungagxiliwe, ulawulwa esitokisini esincane, lapho esebenza khona, futhi imivimbo ye-inoculation ilawula ngaphezu kwebhande.
Ama-shear aqoshiwe kakhulu noma amasha amancane ahlukumezekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ekulandelaneni nasekuhambeni kwemithetho yokugcoba i-blade, ngokuqondene nemimese engadini. Uma sekuhlangene, ithuluzi lihlola ukuthi lisebenza kanjani.
I-pruner eqinisekisiwe inamaphuzu amabili kuphela ahlanganisa i-blade epulatifeni yekhanda: eduze kokuhlanganiswa kwe-hinge futhi eduze kwesigcawu sekhoneni lapho i-blade kanye neplate liphikiswa khona. Uma kungekho othintana naye, kubalulekile ukuqinisa umchamo, futhi uma i-secator ivula futhi ivaliwe, bese uyikhulula. Ukwehlisa nokugqoka i-pruner ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ubambe ngaphandle kokuhlakazeka.
Ama-saws aseJalimane alungiselelwe umsebenzi, asakaze kahle amazinyo ayo. Kuze kube sekugcineni, elinye izinyo le-sylegon liboshwe ngakwesobunxele, eceleni kwesokudla, njalonjalo. Kule nkinga, uhlangothi olukhaliwe lwezinyo kufanele lube ngaphakathi. I-angle yokugoqa igcinwa ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke amazinyo.
Ukuze ugweme amaphutha, i-saw iphakanyiswa ngezikhathi ezithile ezingeni leso, futhi libukeka ukubona ukuthi amazinyo ayengaphandle komugqa. Futhi uma kunesidingo, kulungiswe ngokushesha. Uma i-wiring ikwenziwa ngendlela efanele, imigqa yamazinyo ibonakala ngokucacile, ne-saddle ebonakalayo phakathi kwabo.
Ngaphezulu kwamazinyo, i-saw kufanele ibe nesikhathi esisodwa nesigamu esikhulu kunobunzima be-blade. Uma ngokungazelelwe kuvela kancane, ifayela lizodilika, futhi uma likhona, ukusika kuyobe kungalingani. Amazinyo abukhali ngefayela kuphela eceleni kwehlangothini elingaphakathi.
Ukunakekelwa kweThuluzi kunendima ebalulekile
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokusebenza ithuluzi luyiziphukuphuku. Uma usuqedile umsebenzi, kusukela kulo lonke ithuluzi uhlanze ukungcola uphinde usule. Uma ungahle uhlele ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi isikhathi eside, ukuze uvimbele ukugqwala, kubalulekile ukugcoba zonke izingxenye zayo kusuka ensimbi.
Intwasahlobo yama-secateurs isusiwe, igcinwa ngokwehlukana. Uma ukugqwala kusabonakala kulesisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokugcina isitoreji, kufanele kuhlanzwe kahle futhi kusetshenziswe futhi.
Yiziphi izici ze-apricot izihlahla?
Uma ucabanga ngezikhathi ezithile zokunciphisa, kungenzeka ukufeza ukusebenza komphumela okulindelekile. Ngakho, ukusika izici kakhulu uma:
- ihlose umgomo othize futhi ixazulula imisebenzi ethile;
- uma kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho yokukhula nokuzala kwesihlahla;
- uma kwenziwa, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusabela ekutholeni okuthile komuthi wezinhlobo ezinikeziwe, ubudala kanye nesimo;
- uma ngesikhathi sokusika kufanele basebenzise kuphela lezo zindlela ukuthi, ngesimo esithile, ngokuphazanyiswa okuncane kwesimo esijwayelekile sesitshalo, kusisondeza esixazululweni senkinga;
- uma ukusika kungenziwa ngesikhathi esingcono kakhulu;
- uma ukusika kungenziwa ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-agrotechnical kanye neminye imisebenzi ephathelene nokunakekelwa kwezinkuni nomhlabathi;
- uma ubeka izihlahla, unesipiliyoni ngezandla ngamapulangwe namathuluzi.
Ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla, kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela amaphethini okukhula nokuhluma komuthi we-apricot. Qaphela ukuthi nf wonke amahlumela entwasahlobo athathwa ukuze akhule. Abanye babo abavusi.
Inani lalezo ezifihlekile eziqhamuka kwinombolo engazange ziqhakaze, kodwa ezibekwa egatsheni elilodwa eliqinile eliqinile, likhomba ukutholakala kwezinso. Ukuvuthwa okuncane, lapho izihlahla zihlelwa khona ukuze zenze amagatsha amakhulu, angenalutho, ama-ankle.
Emaqabunga avuselelekile, akha ama-rosette amaqabunga namahlumela okude nobude obuhlukile. Inani lamagatsha amade ohlobo lwe-vegetative lubonisa amandla emfundo esihlahla. Uma umuthi ulandelana kakhulu, ukhula ngokwengeziwe isikhathi.
Ukuqhubekela phambili kulokhu, ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla, umuntu kufanele akhumbule mayelana nekhono (varietal) langempela (ngesikhathi sokukhula esinikeziwe, isimo sezitshalo) ukuhluma kwemifino kanye ne-pooregoobrazovatelnuyu ikhono lokuvimbela ukuqina komqhele esikhundleni sokuhlanza kwayo, futhi, ngokuphambene, hhayi okuncane umqhele.
Uma uthola ikhono lokutshala, amahlumela aqinile avela phakathi kwe-drooping, arcuate, labo abaguga, abanomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini noma baqhwaza, abacatshangelwa.
Izimila zinamandla okukhula amagatsha anamandla ngokushintsha ama-branched hhayi amahlumela amaningi. Lesi sici sokuziphatha esihlokweni somqhele sibizwa ngokuthi siboshwe futhi siyacatshangelwa ngenkathi kuhlanganiswa kanye nokusika izihlahla.
Ngaphandle kwezici ezichazwe egatsheni lomuthi, kubalulekile futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana nesiqondiso namandla okukhula kwamagatshangoba kuthinta umqhele, ubungako bawo bonke, kanye nokubekwa kwezithelo nezitshalo ezithinta izithelo.
Nika isikhathi eside emthini owuthandayo, ulandela zonke izincomo ezinikeziwe. Futhi ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa, ngaphandle kwenjabulo nokuthokozisa, kuzoletha nokuvunwa okuhle okuqinisekisiwe.
