Ukusika kunamandla okuziqhenya masinyane, kanti izithombo ezikhula zivela kuzo zinezici ezifanayo kanye nezici ezinhlobonhlobo njengesihlahla somama.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu ukuhlanganiswa yiyona ndlela evame kakhulu yokutshala amagilebhisi.
Ungakhetha kanjani ukusika okulungile?
Isikhathi sokuvuna
Kungcono ukuvuna ama-cuttings ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla. Kungani ekwindla? Iqiniso liwukuthi ngesikhathi sasebusika ingxenye ebalulekile yamehlo nemivini ifa ngenxa yokushisa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iphesenti yamehlo akhiqizayo lapho kuvunwa izihlahla ngesikhathi sokuwa ngokuvamile kudlula imiphumela yokuvunwa kwentwasahlobo.
Ngenxa yalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nesikhathi sokukhetha ukusika ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala, kanti isikhathi sincike endaweni yokuhlala. Ngempela, kwezinye izindawo kakade ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, ukwehla kokuqala kokushisa kuya ekuboniseni ngezansi zero kwenzeka.
Ukukhethwa kwemivini yezicucu
Ukubonisana ngokulinganayo, kuyacaca lokho ama-cuttings (noma i-chubuki) kufanele anqunywe kusuka ezihlahleni ezinezivuno eziphezulu futhi, eqinisweni, enempilo. Uma unesivini esikhulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlele ngaphambili isihlahla esikuthandayo, ukuze ungadideli izinhlobo.
Umvini, okuyinto esizoyinquma ama-cuttings, akufanele sikonakaliswe izifo namaqhwa. Sinesithakazelo kumvini ovuthiwe kahle. Uyazi ukuthi angabonakaliswa nje ngombala wabo wobumnyama obumnyama?
Ngemva kokufaka ingxenye ye-nevzaryvshuyu ingxenye yokuphunyuka, nombala obala okwesibhakabhaka, futhi emva kwalokho, ukuthinta, ukuvuthwa, uzozizwa umehluko ekuzweleni okucacile. Owokuqala uzobonakala ebanda ngokuqhathaniswa nomzuzwana.
Ukulondoloza
Ngakho-ke, sesibonile ukuthi sidinga umvini ovuthiwe, noma kunalokho, yingxenye yawo. Njengomthetho, izingxenye eziphakathi naphansi zifanelekile. AmakhandaLapho kukhona amahlumela angaphathiswa, ayifanele injongo yethu. Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle, izinga lokuguga komvini lingasitshela nokuthi ukusabela kwamahlumela ku-iodine.
Uma ukusika kuncishiswa ku-1% we-iodine, khona-ke ungabona ukuthi kwamanye amahlumela umbala uzoba yi-violet emnyama, cishe emnyama, ekhombisa ukuvuthwa okwanele. Futhi abanye bazobona umbala obala obala. Lezi amahlumela azange zivuthiwe ngokwanele.
Futhi isibonakaliso esibalulekile ukudubula ubukhulu. Okuhle kunakho konke, uma ububanzi buzoba yi-7-10 mm, kodwa ukuthi phezulu akusilo ngaphansi kuka-6 mm. Ukungafani kukhona izinhlobo zemagilebhisi ngomvini omuhle. Ngokufanele, isiqu kufanele sibe nama-internodes amahlanu, uma ngaphezulu, kungcono nakakhulu.
Ngemuva kwe-overwintering, kuzokwazi ukusika ingxenye ephilile kakhulu. Kodwa abalimi abathile babheka ukuthi kufanelekile kanye nesitshalo ngezinhlanzi ezintathu kuya ezine. Ukusika ukusika kwenziwa nge-shears. Senza ukusika okulodwa ngaphansi kwefindo, futhi kwesibili (phezulu) - phakathi kwe-internode.
Ukusika ubude kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha angamashumi ayisikhombisa, lesi sitshalo sizokuvumela ukuthi ubuyekeze izinkomba ezizokoma ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ama-cuttings akhishwa emaqabunga, ama-tendrils nama-stepsons, futhi ahlanganiswe nezibopho usebenzisa ucingo. Qinisekisa ukuthi unamathisele ithegi equkethe lonke ulwazi oludingekile: inani lokusika, isikhathi sokuvuna, ibanga.
Isitoreji
Gcina ama-cuttings adinga endaweni epholile. Ngokuvamile lokhu basebenzisa ama-basement, ama-cellars, futhi futhi abaphonsa emathangeni (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-25 cm). Okubaluleke kakhulu ukushisa nomswakama ekamelweni. Izinkomba kufanele zibe kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-4 ºะก, futhi zingekho kuka-60%.
Ukulungiselela isitoreji kuhlanganisa ukuchithwa kwe-disinfection kwisisombululo se-3% se-sulfate yethusi. Lokhu kufanele kuvimbele isikhunta esikhathini esizayo. Ngemuva kwalendlela, zithathwa futhi zishiywa isikhathi esithile emoyeni ukuze zome, bese zifakwa kwisitoreji.
Abaningi bama-viticulturists bakholelwa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba kugcinwe ama-cuttings, kubalulekile ukugcwalisa inani elikhulu lokuswakama ukuze kugweme ukuma. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwisisombululo se-disinfectant, pre-soak the cuttings emanzini usuku.
Uma utshala ama-cuttings hhayi ukudayiswa, kodwa wena ngokwakho, awudingi isikhala esiningi ukuwagcina. Ngalesi sizathu, kufanelekile futhi ibhokisi lezinkuni eliphansi elihlanganiswa nesihlabathi esingama-10 cm obukhulu, isinquntsho, bese kuthi futhi ungqimba weshlabathi, njll. Ngesikhatsi isitoreji, qhubeka ugcina futhi uqaphele izinga lokushisa nomswakama ekamelweni. Ukufudumala nesihlabathi esikhanyayo, uma kunesidingo.
Kunconyiwe futhi ushintshe ukusika okungenani kanye phakathi nesikhathi sonke sasebusika. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nalesi simiso: lezo zinqunyiwe ezazivela ngezansi - zafika phezulu futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, abaphezulu baphatha indawo yabo ngezansi.
Konke ukuhlolwa kwe-cuttings Kudingeka kwenziwe ngenyanga kanye nokulahla okubolile futhi ayikwazi ukubuyiswa. Uma inqubo yesikhunta isanda kuqalwa, kufanele ihlanzwe futhi ixiliswe ngegciwane lesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, bese isomisiwe iphinde igcinwe.
Nge isitoreji somsele umgodi ugujwe ngamasentimitha angu-50 ubude, le filimu ihlanganiswe phansi ukuze imiphetho yamahhala ihlale. Khona-ke lezi zicucu zifakwe, zimbozwe ifilimu esele futhi isihlangu sibekwe esiqongweni somgodla, esihlanganiswe nenhlabathi ngama-25 cm. Ngalendlela yokugcina, ama-cuttings awashintshwa.
Ngokuba isitoreji semali encane Abantu abadutshulwayo basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene, ngenkathi bephethe izimfihlo zabo kanye namasu abo. Abanye basebenzisa ibhakede elivamile kulokhu, abanye basebenzisa amabhodlela epulasitiki, kanti abanye basebenzisa izimbiza ezivamile zezimbali. Sibuyekeze izindlela zokugcina ezivame kakhulu.
Lapho isikhathi sasebusika sesiphelile, singabheka ukulungiswa kwezicuttings zethu zokutshala. Ngalesi sizathu, ama-cuttings athathwa emigodini ehlukene futhi efakwe emanzini. Ukuvuvukala kwezinso emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuzobonisa ukuthi amehlo asesimweni sokuvusa, futhi kungekudala uzokwazi ukuqala ukutshala.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngokutshala amagilebhisi ekwindla ngamahlumela.
Khipha
Maphakathi no-March, ama-cuttings atholakala kumasayithi okugcina futhi ahlolwe ngokucophelela nangokujwayelekile. Udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amahlumela ayaphila. Buyekeza izinkinobho. Kufanele abe luhlaza. Uma wenza ukuchotshozeka okuphambene kwezinso, kufanele futhi ubukeke uphilile, futhi ungabi nombala omnyama nombala obomvu.
Ngakho, sikhethe amahlumela athela kakhulu. Manje kuyadingeka uthathe kuzo ezicutheni ezinamehlo amabili. Kulesi simo, sizama ukwenza isigaba esingaphansi ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezinso, kanti phezulu ukuze amentimitha amabili ahlale ngaphezu kwawo. Ukuze sigweme ukudideka kwesisekelo sokusika ngenhla, senza ukunciphisa okuphansi kakhulu. Manje udinga ukwenza isikhwama esincane ngesimo semikhonyovu kugebe kusuka maphakathi kuya phansi.
Okulandelayo, kuqhutshwa ukugxuma ama-cuttings emanzini avamile ngosuku, bese wehlisela isigaxa embizeni ngesisombululo esikhethekile esithuthukisa ukuqhuma, ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngemuva kokuba senze le nqubo, sibeka futhi ama-cuttings embizeni yamanzi ahlanzekile, izinga lawo okufanele lifinyelele ngamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwangu-4.
Njengoba amanzi ephuma, kufanele azaliswe. Kunconywa ukubeka ibhange endaweni enelanga. Ezinsukwini ezingaba yishumi, izinso ezingaphezulu zizoqala ukuvuvukala, futhi ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amabili izimpande zokuqala zizoqala ukuvela. Lapho nje bekhula emuva, ukusika kungacatshangwa ukulungele ukutshala.
Ikhono kanye ne-substrate ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Zithathwa ngokulinganisela okulinganayo: isihlabathi, umhlaba kusukela engadini, ama-humus ne-sawdust endala. Konke lokhu kufanele kube nokungahambisani okungafani futhi kungabi ngamanzi kakhulu. Njengesitsha, ungasebenzisa amabhodlela ngaphandle phezulu. Ngezansi senza izimbobo zokuphuma kwamanzi futhi sibeke amanzi.
Khona-ke silala u-8 cm weyingxube elungiselelwe ngaphambilini, wehlisa ukusika bese usalala futhi ngomhlabathi ukuze ihlumela elincane likhuphuke ngaphezu kwe-substrate. Siphuza futhi sigqoka i-sill window sill.
Njengokugqoka okuphezulu Ungasebenzisa izinkuni kanye ne-potassium, kodwa kungenjalo, umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrojeni, ongabangela ukukhula okusheshayo kwehlumela. Uma usabona inqubo enjalo, khona-ke ungakwazi ukuchofoza ukuphunyuka. Uma nje siqiniseka ukuthi ngeke kusaba khona isithwathwa, singaqhubeka nokutshala ukusika endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ekuqaleni, sizama ukumboza abasha abasuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngokusizwa ngezinhlaka zokuzivikela. Uma konke kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, ngokunakekelwa nangothando, futhi uzoqhubeka nokunakekelwa okufanayo, khona-ke eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu uzokwazi ukuzijabulisa ngokwesivuno sokuqala.
Futhi sifisa sengathi uphumelele kuyo yonke imizamo yakho!
