Sijwayele ukuthi i-pear iyakuthanda isimo sezulu esishisayo, futhi kunzima ukukhula izithelo ezinkulu, ezihlwabusayo nezithandekayo ezindaweni ezingenakwenzeka.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomsebenzi wabalimi, ungathola kalula amapheya amahle ngisho nase-Urals. Into esemqoka ukukhetha ngendlela efanele isimo sezulu, futhi kungukuthi, uhlobo lomuthi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapheya alo hlobo lwezinhlobonhlobo anezinzuzo eziningi.
Izinhlobo ezidumile kunazo zonke ze-Urals
I-Sverdlovskaya Sverdselka (Talitsa)
Isihlahla esithi "Sverdlovsk Rapids" sikhula ngokushesha futhi sifinyelele ubukhulu obukhulu. Amagatsha omqhele awunzima kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi, ngokuvuna okukhulu, aguqa ngaphansi kwesisindo sesithelo. Ngokuvamile, umqhele yi-piramidi ngamagatsha asakaza.
Izithelo zalezi zihlukahlukene zivuthwe ngempela ekuseni, phakathi no-Agasti. I-Talitsa yimbangela yokuwela izinhlobo eziphakathi kwamapheya njengohlobo lwe-Bere Yellow and Early Summer, ngakho izithelo zalo zincane kakhulu, isisindo sifinyelela isilinganiso esiphezulu se-110 amagremu.
Ukuma kwento encane kufana nama-apula amancane ngekhanda elibushelelezi futhi elihle. Ngombala, lezi peyari ziphuzi, futhi phezulu kukhona amachashazi amakhulu anesakhiwo esiqinile.
Umbala wekhilimu we-Pulp "Talitsy", isakhiwo sawo asikho nhlobo i-stony fiber, ehambisana nezinhlobo eziningi zamapheya. Ukudla amapheya elibhekwa njengenandi elimnandi nelomuncuokuyinto evumelana nephunga elimnandi elinamandla elivela ebusweni. Futhi, izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyamanzi.
Kuya kufanelekile Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kufanele zifake isikhathi sokuqala sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, okwenzeka ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-78 emva kokuqhakaza. Kumele kuqashelwe, futhi izinhlobo eziningi zokuvunwa, okuyiminyaka engcono kakhulu engamathani angama-39 ngehektha ngalinye.
Izithelo njalo, kusukela eminyakeni engu-5-6. Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zadalwa ngokuqondile esifundeni sase-Ural, ukuphikiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ngaphambi kwesithwathwa kuphezulu kakhulu. I-frosts yase-spring nayo ibekezelela kalula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumelana nesomiso namazinga aphezulu okushisa aphansi. Kuvame ukuthinteka ngesikhumba.
Phakathi kwe ukwehluleka Amapheya "I-Talitsy" kufanele abizwe ngokuthi yisikhathi esifushane sokuqina komsebenzi wezithelo zawo, okungenani izinsuku ezingu-10 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi kufanele balalelisise ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, ngoba bangakwazi ukuwa phansi kakhulu. Hlunga cishe akufanelekile ukudayiswa ngoba ine-transportability ephansi kakhulu.
Izici ebangeni. Izici ezihlukile zalezi zici zihlanganisa iqiniso lokuthi akuzizithelo. Noma kunjalo, ingaba impova yizo zonke izinhlobo zezimapheya. Okuhlukile kuphela i-Ussurian pear, isikhathi sokuqhakaza esingahambisani ne "Sverdlovsk Skorospelkoy". Ngokusho komgomo wezomnotho, itafula kanye nebanga lobuchwepheshe.
I-Bere yellow ngcono (ivikelwe)
Isici esivela kunazo zonke ezihlukahlukene ze-"Bere" ziyinhloko kakhulu ukumelana okukhulu kwezinkuni kuya emazingeni aphansi asezingeni eliphezulu. Kungumumo omfushane, umqhele unomqhele ohlangene, amagatsha anamandla kakhulu, iphethini lokukhula elinezinhlobonhlobo futhi liqondiswe phezulu.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zatholakala ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-laboratory ye-cuttings ye-"Bere yellow", eyayiphathwa ngemisakazo yomsakazo. Ezindaweni zasenyakatho yeRussia kunokwabiwa okhethekile, okungafani nokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo.
Kuvuthiwe izithelo unayo cishe isilinganiso ubukhuluekhiqiza ngobuningi cishe amagremu angu-110. Ukuma kwesithelo "Esiphulukisiwe" yi-ovoid ejwayelekile nekhanda elibushelelezi nelithambile. Umbala wombala oyinhloko wamapheya wezinhlobonhlobo ukukhanya okuphuzi, ngaphandle kokumboza.
I-creamy pulp of pears inesilinganiso esijwayelekile, i-juiciness ehlukile kanye ne-oiliness. Ayikho i-stoni cellulose epulp ye "Bere yellow improvement". Imisebenzi igubha ukunambitheka okukhulu kwalezi peyari. Ububanzi bayo bugcwele amanothi amnandi namuncu ahlanganiswe nephunga elimnandi.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zepeyari elithi "Berezhenoy" kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zokutshala enyakatho yeRussia. Ngemuva kwakhe konke ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Izimbali nazo zibekezelela amaqhwa kalula. Isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni yobudala, cishe iminyaka emihlanu.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuvunwa okuphezulu, okuhloswe ekukhethweni kwayo. Izinzuzo zihlanganisa ukujwayela kwezinhlobo ze-fruiting, kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuzithela izithelo ezivuthiwe ezivela emthini. Izithelo zihambisana nokuhamba futhi zihluke ekugqoka izingubo ezinhle.
Impilo yesheluli okude kakhulu, okwakhiwa kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya ezingaphezu kwezinyanga ezine, ngokuqoqa ngesikhathi esifanele nokufanele izithelo ezivuthiwe nokucabangela yonke imithetho edingekayo yokugcina isitoreji. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izimfanelo ezingenhla, ungangezela ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene azivezi ezifweni kanye nokulimala kwezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene.
Ukungahleleki nokungalungile kwezihlukahlukene kuyadingeka ukuthi kudinga impova. Ngenxa yalokhu ungasebenzisa impova yezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamapheya. Futhi, ukuphikisana kwezinhlobonhlobo nokomiso kanye namazinga aphezulu okushisa aphansi.
Izici zokusetshenziswa kwezithelo: eliphakathi kwe "Bere yellow improvement" lisetshenziselwa izinjongo ze-dessert kanye netafula, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokucubungula ubuchwepheshe.
I-Pear Zarechnaya (i-Compact)
Isihlahla salezi zinhlobonhlobo zamapheya sinezilinganiso ezincane, ukukhula kwazo kuyashesha kakhulu. I-Crohn inesimo esiyindilinga, esingaphezu kwesikhathi futhi ngenxa yezivuno eziningi zihlakazekile. Uhluke emaqenjini amahlamvu. Iphakathi kwe "Zarechnaya" ingumphumela wokuwela izinhlobonhlobo "Isihloko" nethi "i-Milevskaya yasekuseni."
Ngisho noma lesi sihlahla singanisela, isisindo sezithelo zawo singaba izibalo eziphakeme kakhulu ezingama-140 amagremu; ngokwesilinganiso Izithelo isisindo cishe 115 amagremu. Ukwakheka kwesithelo kuhlotshisiwe, ifomu elifanele. Ikhasi eliphakathi kwe-pear lincane futhi libushelelezi. Umbala wezikhonkwane ezivuthiwe ukuphuzi kwegolide nge-blurry blush orange.
I-pulp ibonakala ngesakhiwo esihle-esakhiwe kahle ngobukhulu bendawo. Ayikho i-fiber elukhuni neyombongolo, eyenza inyama ithande uma idliwa. Umbala wenyama unomuncu, amapheya anambitha amnandi, ngaphandle kobuhlungu.
Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene ekubukeni okukhangayo kwezithelo ezivuthiwe. Ekubunjweni kwamapheya wezinhlobonhlobo ze "Zarechnaya" kukhona i-arbutin, i-ascorbic acid, inani lalo ngo-100 amagremu we-pulp kuyinto 3.5 mg. Abalimi bezithelo bazakwazisa ukuthi izithelo azitholakali emthini.
Izinhlobo ezincane emkhakheni wezinhlavu ezivuthiwe, okusho cishe inyanga eyodwa.
Okuphawulekayo kulezi zihlukahlukene yisikhathi sokuvuthwa sesithelo, esivela ku-Agasti 28 kuya kuphakathi kuka-Septemba. Isihlahla siqala ukuqinisa cishe eminyakeni engu-5-6.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya weqembu eliphakathi
I-Sepyabrina (Dobryanka)
Isihlahla salolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene lwekwindla sinezinga elilinganiselwe, kodwa likhula ngokushesha ngokwanele kangangokuba lapho lineminyaka engama-4-5 ubudala liqala ukukhiqiza ummeme omuhle wesitshalo. Isikwele sinamandla kakhulu futhi sincane, ngohlobo - pyramidal. Amagatsha anamandla, ahamba esitokisini nge-angle obtuse. Isihlahla sinesizinga esiphakathi samahlamvu omqhele. Okunye okukhethwa kukho okukhethiwe ngenxa yokuwela inombolo 2-39 kanye namapheya wezinhlobonhlobo ze "Firstborn".
Izithelo ezivuthiwe futhiisisindo sesilinganisookuyinto ngokwesilinganiso cishe amagremu angu-165. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sesisindo samapheya "Serebryanka" yi-190 amagremu.
Lemon enemibala ephakathi kwekhasi ne-pear, enwetshiwe phakathi. Ubuso besikhumba bubushelelezi, kepha buyomile, bukhulu. Umbala wesithelo uhlaza obumnyama, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uthola umthunzi ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nombala obomvu obomvu obuhlanganisa ingxenye encane yesithelo emithini.
I-pulp yezithelo ezivuthiwe ine-tint ephuzi. Ubuningi bayo buphakathi, obubonakala ngokuphuza nokuntuleka kwe-stony fiber, okuqinisekisa ukuthi unomusa uma udliwe. Ukudla unokwaziswa okuphakeme kakhulu kwe-tasters, ngohlobo - elimnandi nelomuncu.
Izinzuzo zeDobryanka ezihlukahlukene zihamba kahle kwezithelo kanye nesethulo esiphezulu. Ungenakusiza kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo zokuvota. Isivuno sonyaka, high.
Ukumelana nokuqina okuphezulu ebusika nasebuswazini beqhwa kusungulwe, okuyinto ngisho nezimbali zomuthi zingakwazi ukubekezelela. Futhi kumakwe ukumelana nomonakalo wesikhumba kanye nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene zezihlahla eziphakathi kwamapare. Izithelo ezivuthiwe azitholakali.
Izinkinga ziphakathi impilo yeshalofu izithelo ezivuthiwe - cishe izinsuku ezingu-30.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinesikhathi sokuvuna esiphakathi. Izithelo zisetshenziswe ngokutsha noma zicutshungulwa njengoba kudingeka. Usuku lokuvuna "ngoSepthemba" - 1 Septemba.
Iphakathi kweSverdlovchanka
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-pearl kwe-autumn yama-pearl kunesihlahla esikhulile. Umqhele womuthi ugobile, ngohlobo-kabanzi-pyramidal. Umphumela wezinhlobo zempova "Lukashovka" izinhlobo zempova ezifundazweni eseningizimu yeRussia. Ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo, yayithandwa ikakhulukazi emasimini esifundeni sase-Urals.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinenani eliphezulu isisindo sibe ngu-180 amagremu. Ukwakheka kwesithelo kuhlotshaniswa, kuhlanganiswe, futhi kungahluka kufomu elifushane. Isikhumba esinomzimba unombala ohlaza, okusho ukuthi emva kokunqunywa emthini kuthatha isicu esiphuzi. Futhi, izithelo zibhekwa ngokuba khona "kobumnyama", okwakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya elangeni.
Emathinini wezithelo ezivuthiwe kukhona cishe akukho granulation. Esikhathini esakhiwe, sinamafutha futhi sinamanzi amaningi. Umbala we-pulp umhlophe nge-tinge encane ephuzi. It has a taste, okuyinto ine gamut sweet futhi omuncu nge iphunga elimnandi.
Izinzuzo zesifunda sase-Sverdlovsk zisezingeni elihle kakhulu le-dessert ukunambitheka nosayizi wesithelo. Izithelo zivuthwe ngokushesha kakhulu. Imithi yokuhluma iyaqala eneminyaka engama-4, ikhulisa ngokushesha isivinini sesitshalo minyaka yonke.
Izitshalo ezijwayelekile ezihlukahlukene zikhona ngamakhilomitha angu-200 ehektheleni. Ukuphikiswa okuphakeme emazingeni okushisa aphansi nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Izithelo aziwa lapho zivuthiwe, zikwazi ukuhamba.
Ukuhlaselwa kulezi ezihlukahlukene yilokho ungumuntu ongenasifo. Kodwa-ke, ingaba impova ngempova evela kuzozonke izinhlobo ezikhona. Kukhona nokuncipha kokumelana nesithwathwa lapho utshala umuthi ezindaweni ezingasenyakatho.
Izici zokusetshenziswa kwezithelo zikhulu kakhulu - kusukela ekusetshenzisweni okuluhlaza, kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwezobuchwepheshe, kubhekwa njengezinga le-dessert lamapheya. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimbali ezivela ku "Sverdlovchanka" zifika esikhathini sekwephuzile, ngenxa yokuthi ukuvuthwa kokuvunwa sekubuye kamuva-ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Ukufunda ukulungisa izithombo kanye nendawo yokutshala amapheya
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala ipeyari, kufanele uqaphele ukusikeka kwayo emhlabathini, okumele kukhule. Ukuba khona emhlabathini wezinto ezincane ze-lime nobumba nakho kuyamukelwa. Umswakama kufanele ube isilinganiso.
Ngenxa yezimpande zaso eside, isitsha singasikhula ngisho nasomhlabathini owomile, nakuba ukuchelela okungavamile kuyozuzisa, ikakhulukazi uma ama-ovari esakhiwa.
Ngaphambi kokuba utshale isitelwane, udinga ukusika amagatsha awo nezimpande ezidlulayo, ushiye kuphela okukhulu kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kukhona yini umbala obala emaphethelweni, okuwubufakazi bokusila okunempilo. I-Whitish igeleza emaphethelweni - lawa yizimpande ezingadingeki zilungiswe.
Lapho ulungisa umgodi wokutshala, izingxenye eziphezulu nezansi zomhlaba kufanele zihlakazeke emibhoshini ehlukene, futhi inhlabathi ngezansi kufanele ikhululwe. Emva kwalokho, isigxobo esiphakathi siqhutshwa phansi. Okulandelayo, ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba oluxubene nama-fertilizer luthululelwa emgodini.
Ngemuva kokuqhaqhazela isiqu, sihlwanyela imbewu yethu kuyo, sisakaze izimpande phezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa intamo yempande ibude ngamamentimitha angu-5-6 ngaphezu komhlabathi. Silala izimpande zomhlaba osele futhi sizithela phansi.
Embuthanweni wezithombo Kunconywa ukumba umgodiokuyinto ezosebenza njengehlelo lokunisela lomuthi wethu. Kubalulekile ukuthululela ama-20 amalitha amanzi bese uyimboza nge peat noma humus phezulu.
Ukunakekelwa kwePear kufanele kube okulungile
Okuncane mayelana nomanyolo
Ikhasi ayidingi umanyolo omningi. Kodwa-ke, uma uqaphela ukuthi ukukhula kwalo akubalulekile (umuthi omncane unamaphesenti angaba ngu-40), kufanelekile ukutshala umuthi. Kutuswa ukutshala izihlahla kusukela ngonyaka wesibili ekwindla, okwenza ukondliwa okwengeziwe nangesikhathi sehlobo.
Izitshalo zilethwa emgodini, esiwagubha ngenkathi sihlwanyela imbewu. Kunconywa ama-pears, i-phosphate-potassium nama-fertilizer (i-peat ne-humus), ehlanganiswa nomhlaba futhi athululelwe emgodini.
Manje mayelana nokuphuza izihlahla
Kungcono ukuphuza i-pear ngosizo lwesistimu yemvula noma ukuthululela amanzi emgodini owumbumbwe eduze kwesiqu. Isihlahla asidingi ukuchelela okuningi. Ukuletha amanzi emhlabathini kaningi kuphela entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Okuhlukile kwenziwa kuphela uma kunesomiso esinamandla ehlobo, lapho umuthi kufanele uphuze kaningi.
Kunconywa ukuba ukhulule umhlabathi emva kokuphuza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlinzeka kwe-oksijini kuya ezimpandeni zomuthi. Umthamo wamanzi ngayinye ye-1 m2 ye-moat yi-3 amabhakede.
Hamba ukusika izihlahla
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukusika izikebhe entwasahlobo, bese benza umuthi ovuthiwe wesithelo. Uma senza ekwindla, sengozini yokuqhwaza umuthi wethu.
Lapho unciphisa igatsha, uqondise ingxenye encane ye-pruner kuyo. Amacembe ahlangene amagatsha kufanele ahlulwe ngaphezu kwefihlekile. Ungesabi ukuthatha ezinye iziqu, njengoba lokhu kuzosiza kuphela isihlahla sakho, kukuvumela ukuba ukhule izithelo ezingcono futhi uzivikele ekukhunjweni ngokweqile kokusanhlamvu.
Ngonyaka wesibili womuthi, kutuswa ukunciphisa umqhubi oyinhloko, ukunciphisa ngamasentimitha angu-25. Uma umncintiswano eqala ukuvela naye, masule ngokushesha emmpandeni ngokwawo, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi uzokhula kakhulu futhi isimo somqhele sizolahleka.
Kubalulekile ukukhathalela kakhulu ukunakekelwa ukuze umuthi unike isivuno esihle.
