Indlela yokubhekana nokulimaza kumatamatisi: imiyalelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ukulimala kwesikhathi eside yisifo esibangelwa i-phytophthora fungus. Imvelo engcolile nokushisa kusiza kakhulu izilwane ukuba zande. Isifo esivame kakhulu sifinyelela engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Izitshalo eziye zathola i-phytophthora zifana nendawo: amabala ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka akhiwa ohlangothini olungenhla lamaqabunga, aluqhakaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlangothini oluphansi lweqabunga, lokhu kungukuphikisana kwe-phytophthora.

Imivimbo emnyama emnyama ivela ngeziqu kanye ne-petioles. Izithelo zigcwele izindawo ezinombala ezimnyama. Utamatisi ovuthiwe ukuvuthwa ungase ubonakalise ukulimala kwekwephuzile uma uqala ukuthuthukisa ngesikhathi sokuvuna.

EYurophu, bese eya eRussia, utamatisi wethulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-30 leminyaka ye-19. Futhi kakade ngo-1845, sonke isitshalo samatamatisi sasilahlekile ngenxa yokulimala kwelanga. Kwakukhona isidingo sokuthola izindlela zokulwa nalesi sifo. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda incazelo eningiliziwe yendlela yokubhekana nale fungus, ukulondoloza utamatisi nokukhipha ama-phytophorns unomphela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izitshalo zidinga ukwelashwa, kanye nezithombe nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okumele zithathwe ukuze zivikele imifino esikhathini esizayo.

Sibutsetelo ezindleleni ezithandwa kakhulu ukulwa nomkhuhlane ezitshalweni

Cabanga nge-fungicides - izidakamizwa eziphumelelayo ekulwa nezifo ze-fungal.

1. Isidakamizwa sePhytosporin.

   Izindleko zayo ngonyaka wezi-2018 zivela kuma-ruble angu-30 kuya ku-10 amagremu. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela. I-5 g ye-phytosporin ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi kanye nokutshala okufuthiwe.

   Kodwa uma kwenzeka imvula evulekile, lokhu kuvimbela akusebenzi, njengoba amanzi azohlanza izidakamizwa ezitshalweni.

   Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10, inqubo kumele iphindwe.

2. Okulandelayo izidakamizwa Hom.

   Iphumelela hhayi kuphela ngokuphathelene nokulimala okuphelile, kodwa futhi kuyasiza ukubhekana nezinye izinkinga zensimu.

   Izindleko zayo ngo-2018 yi-ruble engama-65 g.

   Kudingeka ukuthatha amagremu angu-40 omuthi ahlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Lesi silinganiso sikwanele ukucubungula amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye.

   Isikhathi sokulinda izinsuku ezingu-5.

3. Proton Extra - izidakamizwa ezivikela ukulimala okuphelile.

   Izindleko zalo yi-ruble angu-49 i-UAH engu-20.

   I-Proton Extra iyi-fungicide ephumelelayo. Ayinalo kuphela izakhiwo zokuzivikela, okulungile ekuvimbeleni, kodwa futhi nezakhiwo zokuphulukisa.

   Isixazululo silungiswa kanje: 20 g wezidakamizwa ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Le viyanele yanele ukusingatha i-weave engu-1. Izithako ezisebenzayo zalesi sidakamizwa zitholakale kalula emaqabunga, zingene ngaphakathi futhi zihlale esitshalweni. Inkathi yesenzo somuthi cishe izinsuku ezingu-12. Okulandelayo, inqubo kumele iphindwe. Zingaki izikhathi? Kuze kube yilapho uvuna.

Namuhla kunenqwaba yezindlela zabantu nezindlela zokulwa nokulimala. Cabangela ezinye zazo.

• Umsizi wokuqala kulabo balimi yi-onion ikhasi. I-husk Polvedra uthele amanzi abilayo. Ngokushesha nje uma uketshezi lukhulile, hlala, engeza amanzi ku-10 amalitha ngomthamo. Sula amaqabunga esitshalo kusuka phansi.
• Owesibili yi-whey, equkethe i-lactic acid. Ivikela utamatisi futhi ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-phytophthora. Ngama-10 amalitha amanzi, thatha i-litre ye-whey namaconsi angu-20 e-iodine. Uma utamatisi uqhakaza ngalesi sikhathi, bese ufaka enye i-5 g ye-boric acid. Futhi fundiza amaqabunga kuqala ukusuka phansi.
• Ungakwazi futhi ukulungisa ezinye izixazululo zokupuniza, okungafaka phakathi izingxenye ezilandelayo:
  1. i-propolis tincture;
  2. akhiphe emlilweni;
  3. i-baking soda;
  4. ukukhipha i-dandelion;
  5. ukufakwa kwe-hay;
  6. ukumnika imvubelo (100g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi);
  7. isixazululo sikagalikhi.

Imiyalo yokulungisa imifino

Kuyadingeka ukuthi uphefa isitshalo kusukela phansi kweqabunga ngosizo lwe-spray. Kulapho lapho ama-spores we-pathogen ephuzile ephuzile efihliwe. Lesi sitshalo sitheleleke kusuka phansi. Uma ungaboni umonakalo wangaphandle esitshalweni, usahlanza isitshalo ngendlela efanayo.

Kodwa yini okufanele uyenze uma une-acre angu-20 ka utamatisi. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye ngeke ugibele. Bese uthatha umshanelo, uwubeke ebhakedeni uphinde uchithe. Ukusebenza ngezinye izikhathi kancane. Kodwa uma kukhona umsebenzi owengeziwe, bese uheha wonke umuntu ekusebenzeni.

Isithombe

Esikhathini esithombeni ungabona ukuthi i-tomato blight ibukeka kanjani:

Ukuvimbela

Emhlabathini ovulekile

1. Ukukhetha lapho ukhetha izinhlobo zezitamatisi izinhlobo eziphikisana ne-phytophthora. Isibonelo, "I-Rich F1 Hut", "I-Fate Minor," "I-Beta".

   Lapho ukhetha izinhlobo zezotamatisi, ungagxila ezinkomba: isiqu esifushane, ukuvuthwa kokuqala.
2. Qaphela ukujikeleza kwezitshalo. Ngemuva kwe-solanaceae, utshale u-garlic noma u-anyanisi.
3. Izitshalo zibhekene nokulimala okwesikhashana, udinga ukutshala kude komunye nomunye. Amazambane kanye utamatisi abanobuhlobo.
4. Igebe phakathi kwezimbobo lingama-30-50 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lingama-70 cm.
5. Utamatisi ovulekile otshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.
6. Sebenzisa imbewu kuphela enempilo.
7. Uma uthola izimpawu zokuqala zokulimala yi-phytophtora - inqubo yonke ye-fungicides e-solanaceous.
8. Ukukhipha ukhula ngesikhathi esifanele, amaqabunga aphansi. Ungavumeli ukuqina.
9. Ungadluli nge-nitrogen fertilizer. Ukuphikiswa kwe-phytophthora kunciphisa kakhulu.
10. Ukuphuza ekuseni, ngokuqinile emgodini. Ungavumeli umswakama emaqabunga.
11. Sebenzisa ama-fertilizer aqukethe i-phosphorus, i-potassium ukwenyusa ukwanda kwamatamatisi esi sifo.

Esikhathini sokushisa

Iningi lezinyathelo zokucubungula utamatisi kusuka ku-phytophthora ku-greenhouse zifana naso ensimini, kodwa cabanga ngama-nuances.

1. Air the zokugcina izithombo. Ungavumeli ukwanda komswakama, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ususe amahlumela angaphezulu, amaqabunga aphansi.
2. Khetha izinhlobo zokubamba ukushisa okutholakala ukushisa okwephuzile:
   • "Tatiana."
   • "De Barao mnyama."
   • UCarlson.

   Okumelana kakhulu ne-phytophthora kufaka i-hybrids:

   • "La-la-fa F1".
   • "Lark F1".

Ividiyo mayelana nokwelashwa kokuvimbela utamatisi kusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga:

Ingabe kuphephile ukudla izithelo ezithintekile yi-fungus?

Ayikho impendulo ecacile yombuzo wokuthi noma ungadli yini utamatisi othintekile ukulimala. Uma ngabe ingane yonke ishintshwe, cishe cishe awufuni ukuyidla wena. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-phytophthora iyi-fungus, okusho ukuthi i-mycelium yayo yelulele amanetha wayo ngaphakathi komkhiqizo wonke. Isithelo cishe sithinteke ngokuphelele. Dweba iziphetho.

Kondla kangcono izithelo ezingathandekiyo zesilwane.

Izindlela zokulima

Ama-spores of phytophtora abesabi ubusika, iqhwa, amazinga okushisa aphansi. Zifihliwe ngokuphepha emhlabathini kuze kube yonyaka ozayo. Futhi "umlilo" onotamatisi wakho udle kulo nyaka ungabuyekezwa inkathi yensimu elandelayo. Ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngenhla, kubalulekile ukuphatha umhlabathi.

Agrotechnical

Ekwindla, bamba imibhede ngendlela elahliwe. Emva kwalokhu kuqhuma, izinhlamvu ze-phytophtoras zizobe ziphezulu. Uma ukumba ifosholo kumele kubhapathizwe emhlabathini ukuze kube yi-bayonet yonke. Ungavumeli konke, kodwa izingxabano eziningi zingafa ngesikhathi sasebusika. Ngentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi, inhlabathi yenziwe isisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Uzocubungula inhlabathi ebamba lokushisa, uvale yonke iminyango neminyango, futhi umboze imibhede emhlabathini ovulekile ngenhla. Imvula ayiphazamisi inqubo yokunquma.

Biological

Amalungiselelo e-Baikal EM-1 no-Baikal EM-5 athatha inhlabathi ngaphambi kokumba futhi amasonto amabili ngaphambi kweqhwa.. Amalungiselelo Baktofit, Trikhodermin, Fitoflavin, Fitosporin inqubo inhlabathi ekwindla ngemuva kokumba. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukwelashwa kuphindwaphindwa. Indlela yokuphatha umhlaba nge-fungicides: qeda inani elidingekayo lempahla emanzini futhi uchithe inhlabathi ibe yi-10 cm ejulile. Ngalokhu ukujula ukuthi imbewu ye-phytospore ifihla.

Amakhemikhali

Emva kokumba umhlabathi kufanele uphathwe nge-Bordeaux ingxube. Phinda le nqubo entwasahlobo. Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi kuhlanganisa i-sulphate yethusi. Ikhubaza inhlabathi futhi igcwalisa isidingo sulfure nethusi. Umhlabathi waseBordeaux ungaphathwa kanye kuphela emva kweminyaka emihlanu.

Kumele kukhunjulwe njalo ukuthi kudingeka ukuhlakulela umhlaba 10 cm ejulile. Kungenjalo, konke kungelutho. Izingxabano zizohlala kusayithi. Ukulimala kwesikhathi eside kuyisifo esiyingozi futhi esingathandeki samatamatisi.

Akunakwenzeka ukululama kuwo. Ungamxwayisa, unganciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwawo. Ukuqaphela imikhuba yezolimo nokwenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela, uyohlale ukhona nokuvuna okucebile.