I-Tsuga iyinhlobo ehlanganayo yezihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza zomndeni wePine (kufanele ihlukaniswe nge-pseudotsuga thyssolate). Izwe lawo liyizwekazi laseNyakatho Melika kanye ne-East Asia. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla kusuka ku-5-6 m kuya ku-25-30 m. Okukhulu kakhulu kuma-75 m kwaqoshwa eNtshonalanga Tsugi.
Lesi sitshalo sidlala indima enkulu ekugcineni imvelo yomhlaba. Lesi yisisombululo esihle kubalimi. Izinhlobo zazo zisetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa kanye nomkhakha wokulungisa izinkuni.
Izici:
Izinaliti zesitshalo, ngisho nasegatsheni elilodwa, zingahluka ngobude. Amaphethelo amahlumela ahlotshiswe ngezigaxa ezincane ze-ovoid. UTsuga ukhula kancane. Ukukhula kwalo kuthinteke kabi ngokungcoliswa komoya nokoma. Ukuqedwa kokukhula kwesizini kubonwa ngoJuni.
Intengo yezithombo zakwaTsugi isukela kuma-ruble angama-800 kuya kwangama-900. Izitshalo ezinkulu ezinobukhulu ziyabiza kakhulu kunezithombo.
Izinhlobo zeTsugi
Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-14 kuye kwezingu-18 ziyaziwa. AmaTsugi asetshenziswa kabanzi:
| Buka | Incazelo |
| Canadian | Inemibala futhi ehlukahlukene. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kutholakala yonke indawo emgqeni ophakathi nendawo. Ezweni lasekhaya - izifunda ezisempumalanga yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Ayimelani namakhaza, ayinciphisi inhlabathi nomswakama. Imvamisa ihlukaniswe iziqu eziningana ezansi. Ukuphakama kungafinyelela ku-25 ± 5 m, futhi ububanzi be-trunk buyi-1 ± 0.5 m. Ekuqaleni, amagxolo ab nsundu futhi abushelelezi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iba mibi futhi iqale ukukhipha. Inomqhele omuhle ngendlela yesiphiramidi esinamagatsha agobile. Amagatsha amasha alengiswa njenge-arc. Izinaliti ziyacwebezela ubude be-9-15 cm ubude kuze kufike ku-2 mm ubukhulu, phezulu - ekutholeni nasezisekelweni - nxazonke. Okuphezulu kunombala oluhlaza okotshani, imivimbo emi-2 emhlophe. Izinhlobo ziyinsundu elikhanyayo, i-ovate 2-2.5 cm ubude ne-1-1,5 cm ububanzi, ihliswe kancane. Isikali esimbozayo sifushane ngokwedlula imbewu. Imbewu iluhlaza onsundu, ivuthwe ngo-Okthoba. Imbewu ≈4 mm ubude. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ziyahluka ngohlobo lomkhuba kanye nombala wezinaliti. |
| I-Leafy | Ifinyelela kumamitha angama-20. IJapan libhekwa njengezwe layo. Ikhula kuma-800- 2100 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Inezinalithi ezinhle kakhulu, awuboni kahle umhlabathi onamakhaza. Izinso zincanyana ziyindilinga. Izinaliti zinomumo wobude be-linear-oblong ≈1 ± 0.5 cm ubude nobubanzi obungu-3-4 mm. Amakheli ahlanganisiwe ngesimo, ahlala ngokweqile, afinyelela ku-2 cm ubude. Ukumelana neqhwa. |
| Karolinskaya | Itholakala empumalanga yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika ezintabeni, ezigodini, ogwini lwamatshe emifula futhi ihlukaniswa umqhele obanzi, umqhele omdaka, amagxolo ansundu, onomqhele amahlumela amancanyana anama-pubescence aminyene. Ukuphakama kungadlula amamitha ayi-15. Amahlumela ahlanganisa imibala ekhanyayo, ephuzi nensundu. Izinaliti ziluhlaza okotshani ngezansi ngemithende emibili emhlophe qwa. Ubude bezinaliti bubalelwa ku-11-14 mm. Izindandatho zinombala onsundu okufika ku-3.5 cm ubude. Ine-hardness yasebusika ephansi maqondana nomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo. Kubekezelela umthunzi. Ngithanda ukuthambisa ngokulingana nenhlabathi evundile. |
| Ntshonalanga | Ivela ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho Melika, iyinhlobo yokuhlobisa. Izihlahla zibonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo, ukumelana nesithwathwa okuphansi. Ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-60. Amagxolo amnyama, abomvu ansundu. I efihlekile mancane, fluffy, nxazonke. Amathambo acwebile, afile, afinyelela ku-2,5 cm ubude. Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, amafomu ayo amancanyana ngokuvamile akhula, okufanele ambozwe ubusika. |
| IsiShayina | Ivela eChina. Inezici zokuhlobisa, umqhele okhangayo ofana nepiramidi esesimweni, nezinaliti ezikhanyayo. Uzizwa kahle ezimweni ezifudumele futhi ezinomswakama. |
| IHimalayan | Ihlala ohlelweni lweentaba lweHimalaya endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2500 kuya kuma-50000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Umuthi lo mude ngokulingana namagatsha aqhakaza kanye namagatsha alengayo. Amahlumela anombala onsundu, izinso ziyindilinga. Izinaliti zinobukhulu obungu-20-25 mm. Izindandatho zinoshukela, i-ovoid, ubude buyi-20-25 mm. |
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo zeTsugi ngokukhula eRussia
Ezimweni eziphakathi nendawo ephakeme, iTsuga yaseCanada izizwa imnandi. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 ziyaziwa, kepha okulandelayo kuvame kakhulu eRussia:
| Ibanga | Isici |
| I-Variegata | Isici esihlukile kwezinhlobonhlobo izinaliti ezinhle zesiliva. |
| Aurea | Kubonakala ngemikhawulo egolide yamahlumela. Ukuphakama kungafinyelela ku-9 m. |
| I-Globalbose | Ifomu lokuhlobisa elinomqhele elifana nebhola futhi elenzelwe, eligoqiwe, elivama ukulengiswa. |
| I-Jeddeloch (eddeloch) | Isimo se-Miniature sinomqhele omnyama, omfishane bamagatsha omile kanye namagatsha aminyene. Amagxolo amahlumela angombala onsomi, izinaliti ziluhlaza okotshani. |
| IPendula | Isihlahla esinezimbali eziningi esifinyelela kumamitha angama-3,8 ukuphakama sinomqhele wokulila. Amagatsha emathambo alenga phansi. Izinaliti ziluhlaza okotshani obumnyama ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukhule njengesitshalo esizimele noma waxhunyelelwa kwinto ejwayelekile. |
| Nana | Ifinyelela ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-1-2. Inomqhele omuhle obanzi oyindilinga. Izinaliti zibushelelezi futhi ziyacwazimula. Izinaliti ziluhlaza obumnyama, amahlumela amasha anemibala eluhlaza okotshani ahlelwe ngokuqondile. Amagatsha amafushane, ayabhikisha, abheke phansi. Lesi sitshalo simelana neqhwa, sithanda umthunzi, sithanda isihlabathi esimanzi noma inhlabathi yobumba. Izinaliti ezifika ku-2 cm ubude nama-≈1 mm ububanzi. Izinhlobonhlobo zisatshalaliswa ngembewu nokusikwa. Inconyelwe ukuhlobisa izindawo ezinamadwala. |
| Bennett | Kufika ku-1.5 m ukuphakama, kuthweswe umqhele owenziwe fan fan ngezinalithi eziwugqinsi kuze kufike ku-1 cm ubude. |
| Iminithi | Ifomu elinokuphakama komqhele nobubanzi obungaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-50. Ubude b amahlumela wonyaka awudluli cm 1. Ubude bezinaliti buyi-8 ± 2 mm, ububanzi buyi-1-1,5 mm. Ngaphezulu - luhlaza okumnyama, ngezansi - ngemisele emhlophe ye-stomatal. |
| I-Iceberg | Ekuphakameni okufika ku-1 m, inomqhele ovulekile we-pyramidal kanye namagatsha alengayo. Izinaliti ezinaliti, ziluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza okotshani. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyabekezelela umthunzi, zithanda inhlabathi enomswakama, evundile nethambile. |
| I-Gracilis | Izinaliti ezimnyama. Ekuphakameni, ingafinyelela ku-2,5 m. |
| I-Prostrata | Izinhlobo ezinwabuzelayo, kuze kufike ku-1 m ububanzi. |
| UMinima | Isitshalo esimile kahle esingaba ngama-30 cm amade ngamagatsha amafushane nezinaliti ezincane. |
| Umthombo | Izinhlobonhlobo ezingaphansi zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Ukubonakala kwayo kungukubonakala okuhle komqhele. |
| Iqhwa lasehlobo | Ukubuka okungajwayelekile kwe-tsuga kuze kufike ku-1.5 m ukuphakama ngamahlumela amancane ambozwe ngenaliti ezimhlophe. |
| I-Albospicata | Izihlahla ezikhula ziphansi kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3. Amaphethelo amahlumela anombala ophuzi. Izinaliti ezibukeka ziphuzi, zinombala oluhlaza okotshani obudala. |
| ISargenti | I-Tsugi ehlukahlukene ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-4,5 ukuphakama. |
| IGolide Elisha | Ukuhlukahluka kufana nokwehluka kwe-Aurea. Izinaliti ezincane zine-tint yegolide ephuzi. |
| UMacrophile | Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Izihlahla ezinomqhele obanzi nezinaliti ezinkulu zifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-24 m. |
| Microfila | Isitshalo esihle futhi ezintekenteke. Izinaliti zi-5 mm ubude ne-1 mm ububanzi. Imisele yesisu iluhlaza okotshani. |
| I-Ammerland | Izinaliti eziluhlaza ezikhanyayo kanye nezeluleko zamagatsha ngokumelene nesizinda sezinaliti eziluhlaza obumnyama kungumhlobiso wendawo. Ukuphakama kuyaqabukela kweqa imitha eli-1. Umqhele ufana nokwakheka kwesikhunta: Amagatsha amasha akhula ngokuvundlile, amagatsha abantu abadala ngokuvamile ancike phansi. |
| I-Dwarf whittype | Isitshalo esimfishane yifomu le-keglevidnoy. Izinaliti ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo zimhlophe ngokuthambekela kokuluhlaza kancane kancane. |
| I-Parviflora | Ifomu elimfushane eliyinqaba. Kuphendula uBrown. Izinaliti ezifika ku-4-5 mm ubude. Imisele yesisu ayifakwanga. |
Izidingo zokufakelwa
Ngezinhloso zokutshala, izithombo ezitsheni ziyakhethwa. Ukuphakama kwabo okunconyiwe kufinyelela ku-50 cm, ubudala bufika eminyakeni eyi-8, futhi amagatsha kufanele aluhlaza. Kuyadingeka ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi uhlelo lwezimpande lubukeka luphilile nezinhlumela, hhayi ezimpandwe, njengoba lusakazeka ebusweni bomhlaba.
Inqubo yokufakelwa
Ezindaweni ezikhulayo, ezinemibala emincane, ezingenamoya, ezihlanzekile ngokwezemvelo kufanelekile. Okungcono kuyinto entsha, enomswakama, ene-acidified, nenhlabathi evundile eyenziwe kahle. Amaviki amabili okuqala kaMeyi, Agasti, athathwa njengesikhathi esihle sokufika. Ukujula komgodi wokutshala kufanele kube okungenani kabili ubude bezimpande zezithombo. I-Optimum - okungenani ama-70 cm.
Isikimu sokufika sibukeka kanjena:
- Ukuqinisekisa ukukhipha amanzi okuhle, phansi komgodi kumbozwe ungqimba lwesihlabathi ngobukhulu obungamasentimitha ayi-15. Isihlabathi siyagezwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi sibaliwe.
- Umgodi ugcwele ingxube yenhlabathi yomhlaba we-turf, inhlabathi yamaqabunga nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso 2: 1: 2. Kwesinye isikhathi basebenzisa ingxube yomquba nomhlabathi engadini ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1.
- Isigaxa esidonsa ngesigaxa sobumba sikhishwa emgodini.
- Uhlelo lwezimpande lufafazwe ngenhlabathi, ngaphandle kokuthinta indawo yokuguquka kwezimpande esiqwini.
- Isithombo siniselwa kakhulu (cishe amalitha ayi-10 amanzi emgodini ngamunye) futhi inhlabathi ifakwe ngotshani, amagxolo noma izinkuni.
Ngokuma kweqembu, ibanga phakathi kwemigodi liyabhekwa. Imvamisa, kufanele ibe ngu-1.5-2.0 m.
Ezinyangeni zokuqala ezingama-24, izithombo zimbozwa umoya, azizinzile ngenxa yokuthuthuka okungatheni kohlelo lwezimpande. Izitshalo ezisencane zivame ukuthathwa kalula yiqhwa kunabalingani bazo abaqinile.
Ukunakekelwa
Ukuze ukhule futhi uthuthukise, i-tsuge idinga ukuthambisa ejwayelekile ngesilinganiso sama-≈10 l amanzi masonto onke nge-1 m². Kanye ngenyanga, ukufafaza umqhele kuyasiza. Lesi sitshalo kufanele sondliwe ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, singachithi ngaphezu kwe-200 g yomquba kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
UTsuga uthanda umanyolo we-phosphate ne-potash, kepha akabekezeleli i-nitrogen.
Amagatsha athinta umhlabathi ukuze kugwemeke ukubola kunconywa ukusikwa. Ukuvula kahle kwenziwa kangcono ngokuhlangana komhlaba okuqinile kungabi ngaphezu kuka-10 cm.
Ukunakekela i-Tsuga emadolobheni amancane kunezimpawu zayo. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, lesi sitshalo kufanele simbozwe ngamagatsha e-spruce noma nge-peat. Isithwathwa sidinga ukulahlwa ngaphandle kwamagatsha ukuze singaphuki.
Imbewu ye-Tsugi nokusakazeka kwezitshalo
Ukusakazeka kwezitshalo kwenziwa:
- Imbewu. Ziyavela izinyanga ezingama-3-4 ngemuva kokungena enhlabathini ngamazinga okushisa we- + 3 ... +5 ° C.
- Izimbumbulu. Izimbumbulu zenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, amagatsha aseceleni asikiwe. Ukubamba kwezimpawu kungenzeka ngomswakama ophezulu nomhlabathi olinganiselayo.
- Ukubekwa. Sebenzisa amahlumela alele phansi. Ngokuthintana kahle nenhlabathi nokunisela okujwayelekile, ukubamba kwezimpawu zazo kwenzeka kungakapheli iminyaka emibili. Lapho isakazeka ngokwakha izingxenye, amaTsuga akahlali egcina umqhele wobuntu bawo.
Izifo zamaTsugu nezinambuzane
I-spider mite iyisitha esikhulu seCanada Tsugi. Kuyadingeka ukusika amahlumela angenwe yilesi sinambuzane, futhi futhi ungakhohlwa ukuwasha wonke umuthi. Uma kunesidingo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-acaricides kuvunyelwe.
Izinambuzane ezincane, izinambuzane, nezinundu nazo zingaba yingozi.
UMnu Dachnik utusa: I-Tsuga ekwakhiweni komhlaba
Ekubunjweni komhlaba, i-Tsuga ibukeka kahle ngokuhlanganiswa nezihlahla eziqhakazayo nezihlahlana ezinamahlamvu alula. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlelwa kokulinganisa, kanye neqembu (ngendlela yama-alleys) nokufika komhlaba wedwa. Izihlahla ezinde zivame ukusetshenziswa njengothango.
UTsuga ukubekezelela ukuthenwa kahle. Ukuthandwa okubalulekile amafomu amancane okuwela afanele izingadi zamatshe. Isidingo somswakama olinganiselayo sivumela lesi sitshalo ukuhlobisa amachibi. Umqhele osindayo uvikela izitshalo ezintekenteke ekushiseni, uzivumela ukuba zikhule zikhululekile, futhi ukukhula kancane kuyinzuzo ebalulekile ekwakhiweni komhlaba.
