Zonke izihlahla zegadi zidinga ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa okuningi, okuyiqiniso okuqinisekisayo ukuthi izinga lokuvuna elikhuthele lokulima.
Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokusika izihlahla ze-apula. Ake sihlole zonke izinzuzo nezindleko zokwehliswa kwezihlahla zezitshalo zasekwindla kanye nasekwindla, amacebo okugaya amagatsha esihlahla, futhi uma kungcono ukusika izihlahla ze-apula.
Futhi, cabangela izici zokunakekela izihlahla ze-apula ezincane nezindala.
Konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokusika i-apula
Ukusika njalo amagatsha e-apula hhayi kuphela kushukumisa ukukhula okufanele izinkuni kanye ukwakha umqhele omuhle. Futhi, ngenxa yokusika kwonyaka we-apula encane, singakhuthaza ukwakheka kwezithelo ezinkulu nezinhle.
Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokusika izihlahla ze-apula, singakwazi ukufeza imigomo ehlukahlukene. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi izici nezindlela zokuqondisa izihlahla zixhomeke kakhulu eminyakeni yobuhlahla, futhi zingaqondiswa ku:
- ukusika umqhele we-apula, okungeke kube kuhle kuphela futhi kulungile, kodwa futhi kulungele ukuvuna;
- ukuqinisa nokukhula kahle kwamagatsha amancane omuthi, ukususwa kwabancintisana;
- ukwanda kwenani lamagatsha angathela izithelo, ukususwa kwamagatsha owomile futhi angadingekile;
- ukukhishwa komqhele ukuhlinzeka izithelo ngenani elifanele elangeni;
- ukusika amagatsha amadala, abonakalisiwe nabomile okuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamasha;
- ukulungiselela i-apula ukuqala kwesikhathi sebandayo ebusika.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokho ukusika izihlahla ama-apula ngokuvamile sebenzisa i-autumn noma intwasahlobo engaphansi kwehlobo. Ukukhethwa kwenkathi yokuqaliswa kwaloluhlobo lokunakekelwa kwesihlahla sesithelo kuyoxhomekeka kuloluphi imigomo ofuna ukuyifinyelela ngokusebenzisa izihlahla.
Ukwehla kwe-autumn kwezihlahla ze-apula: izinzuzo, imithetho, imigomo
Ukudubula kwekwindla kwenziwa ekwindla., ngemuva kokuba wonke amaqabunga ewile futhi umuthi uqala ukuthuthela esikhathini sokubanda kwasebusika. Inhloso eyinhloko yokwehlisa izihlahla ukukhipha amagatsha amadala, awonakele noma awonakele.
Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ulungiselele isihlahla ebusika. Kubalulekile ukwazi lokho emva kokuqala kwamaqhwa, akudingekile ukuba uqale ukususa amagatsha e-apula. Uma kungenjalo, uzokhipha isilonda endaweni yokusika (indawo yokusika ingase iqale futhi iqale ukubola), eyophola isikhathi eside.
Uhlelo lwe-Apple tree pruning ekwindla
Ukuze ususe ngokuphumelelayo amagatsha angamapula angadingekile, udinga ukunamathela kuhlelo olulandelayo:
- Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukususa amagatsha amakhulu kunawo onke aphukile noma awonakele ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene;
- lapho inqwaba yamagatsha ikhula, umqhele kufanele uqothulwe ngaphandle, ushiye kuphela oqine kakhulu futhi ophefumulayo; amagatsha obuthakathaka nokuncintisana kufanele asuswe;
- uthathe futhi udinga lawo magatsha asuka esihlahleni ngeso lengqondo; Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngoba, okokuqala, ngesitshalo esinzima, amagatsha anjalo angasheshe aphule phansi kwesisindo sesithelo, futhi okwesibili, ayophazamisa isivuno esikhulu futhi asuse umqhele, efihle ilanga esithelweni;
- izindawo zokusika kufanele zicutshungulwe ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kwalokho i-frost yokuqala ingalimaza igxolo; esetshenziselwa ukucubungula ingadi var; Kungenzeka futhi ukugcoba umonakalo ngomdwebo wamafutha;
- wonke amagatsha owasikayo kufanele aqoqwe futhi ashiswa; Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kubhubhise izinambuzane ezikhona kanye nezifo ezifayo ezingase zakhiwe emagatsheni abuthakathaka nabonakaliswe.
Ukusika izihlahla ezincane ze-apula
Kusukela ekunciphiseni I-apula encane encane izoba isimo somqhele sincike umuthi omdala othela izithelo kanye nokukhiqiza kwawo.
Futhi, ngale ndlela sakha izimo ezifanele zokusabalalisa ngokufanele kwelanga phezu kwesithelo. Yakha ubudlelwane obuvumelana phakathi kokukhula komuthi nokukhula komuthi. Ukunakekelwa okufanele ngendlela yokusika izihlahla ze-apula kunika amandla.
Indlela yokwenza umqhele we-apula omusha?
Apple umqhele ungaba izinhlobo ezahlukene. Ngokuyinhloko, ngenxa yokudubula okuhlosiwe ongayithola umumo ohlotshisiwe ohlangene, ohlangene noma ophakathi nendawo.
Indlela elula yokwakha umqhele omncane. Ngoba kubiza ukusika nge-sapling wonke amagatsha ngaphandle kuka-4-6 isisulu, eshiya phakathi kwabo ibanga lama-30-40 amasentimitha.
Enye indlela elula yokwenza umqhele yifomu le-medium-stem. Kulokhu wonke amagatsha angaphansi kwamapentimitha angu-80 noma angu-110 kusukela emhlabathini wehla anqunywe. Wonke amagatsha aphezulu kunegatsha eliphansi kunazo zonke elihlala phansi lihlala liqinile futhi likhula ngokuzimela.
Udinga nini ukusika izihlahla ze-apula?
Okusemandleni kakhulu isikhathi sokusika izithombo ama-apple nezihlahla ezincane kuyinto entwasahlobo. Kulokho, udinga ukucwenga izihlahla ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba uhlume.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nokusika izihlahla ze-apula
Senza ama-apula anonyaka owodwa
Ngokuqondile lapho utshala umnxeba wakhe wonyaka owodwa igatsha eliphezulu lilungiswa kangangokuthi ukuphakama komuthi okusele kwakungamamitha ayi-1. Ngenxa yalesi nqubo, ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula kwesithombo, amahlumela angase abe khona, okuyinto kamuva ezoba isisekelo somqhele womuthi omdala.
Uma isithombo sinamagatsha amaningi, kuyafaneleka ukusika wonke amahlumela ahlangothini cishe amasentimitha angama-40, kuye ngobude behlumela ngokwayo.
Amahlumela amade kakhuluezikhula nge-angle elula kuya esiqwini esikhulu sembewu Kunconywa ukuthi uyisuse ngokuphelele. Amagatsha akha i-right angle ne-stem ye-seedling anciphise ama-3 noma ama-5 efihlekile.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-angle yokuphunyuka ibanzi, iminyango izobe isakhiwe kuyo futhi imithi enjalo ingena esikhathini se-fruiting ngaphambili.
Ukusika izihlahla ze-apula ezineminyaka emibili ubudala
I-Apple eneminyaka emibili ikhona, ngaphezu kwe-stem eyinhloko, amahlumela ambalwa angaphezulu. Lapho izihlahla zifanelekile shiya kuphela amahlumela angu-3-5 kuphelaokuyinto ekuboneni kwakho ubheka oqine kakhulu futhi oshiya esitokisini e-angles angakwesokudla. Wonke amagatsha angadingekile asuswe ngaphandle kokugcizelela.
Umqhubi oyinhloko uyabuyekezwa, kepha ngendlela yokuthi ama-4-5 amahlumela aphezulu kunamanye amagatsha. Amanye amahlumela nawo, adinga ukunciphisa ukuze ifomu lombhalo elifanele lenziwe - ama-lower aphansi kufanele abe made kunamaphesenti angama-30 amentimitha.
Ngale ndlela, uzokwakha umqhele oqinile, ohlangene we-apple yakho eneminyaka emibili ubudala.
Abanini bezandla baluleka eminyakeni emibili elandelayo musa ukucwenga isilwaneuma kungenjalo ubungozi ukubambezela ukuqala kwe-fruiting. Kodwa nokho, ungakhohlwa ukususa amagatsha abonakalisiwe futhi aphukile.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqapha ukwakheka komqhele njalo. Uma amagatsha ohlangothini eqala ukukhula ngokushesha, kufanele afinyezwe ngendlela yokunika umqhele isakhiwo esizungezile, eshiya ibanga elidingekile phakathi kwamagatsha okuchazwe ngenhla.
Imithetho yokusika izihlahla zama-apula endala
Ngaphandle kwalokho ukusika isihlahla sama-apula endala kuzothuthukisa i-fruiting isihlahla sakho se-apula, ngenxa yakhe ungasakaza kahle isikhala sensimu. Ukusika izihlahla zama-apula endala akumangalisi ebizwa ngokuthi ukuguga - kuvumela ukwakheka kwamagatsha amasha athela izithelo futhi kuvimbele izifo ezihlukahlukene.
Kutuswa ukunciphisa umuthi omdala kuphela uma unomuthi owonakele kanye namagatsha amaningi amakhulu ama-skeletal.
Imihlahlandlela eyisisekelo yokwehlisa i-apula omdala
Qala ukusika ama-apula endala kungcono ekwindla. Okokuqala susa konke kulandela amagatsha abonakalisiwe futhi omisiwe. Futhi, lezo eziqondiswa ngaphakathi komqhele futhi ziyisithiyo emahlumela amancane avela phakathi komqhele zihlungwa.
Kumelwe senze ngokugcwele - ungesabi wabona amagatsha amakhulu kodwa hhayi ama-fruiting. Ngale ndlela, uzothola umphumela omuhle kakhulu kunokuba usule amahlumela amaningi asetsheni we-fruiting.
Susa kulandela amagatsha amaningana ama-squelette, ikakhulukazi uma zikhula ngokungalungile, zikuvimbela, lapho zivuna, nokukhula kwamanye amagatsha. Futhi, ku-apula omdala, cishe eminyakeni engu-20 ubudala, kubalulekile ukuvula umqhele. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusika phezulu kwe-trunk ekuphakameni kwamamitha angaba ngu-3-3.5 (kuye ngokuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-apula).
I-apula yokusika izihlahla - konke okudingeka ukwazi
Ukusika izihlahla zakuqala kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba amagatsha avuke. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukusika izihlahla ze-apula kakhulu ebusika, ngesikhathi seqhwa. Lokhu kukhetha ngokwemvelo kunezinzuzo zayo:
- ukusika amagatsha angadingekile ebusika kulula kakhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela uzolimaza izihlahla zama-apula;
- kuncishisa amathuba okushisa emagqumeni e-apula, okuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla zasentwasahlobo;
- uma usebenzisa amathuluzi abukhali ekunciphiseni, kungenzeka ukuthi ukugcoba ububanzi obukhulu bendawo yokunciphisa kuyanciphisa uma ubhalaza nge-pitch.
Kodwa nokho, indlela enhle kakhulu futhi eyakhelwe kahle kakhulu entwasahlobo izihlahla ze-apula.
Imithetho eyisisekelo nezinzuzo zokusika izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo
- Ukusika izihlahla akusigcini nje kuphela ukuvikela izindawo zokusikeka kusuka ku-frostbite, kodwa futhi ngenxa yesiqalo esisheshayo ngemva kokuqaliswa kokukhipha ukugeleza kwe-sap, ukusikeka kuyashesha ngokushesha.
- Izindawo zokusika kufanele zihlanganiswe ne-pitch pitch, kanye nokuthi kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ekwindla.
- Ukutshala izihlahla kungaphezu kwamehlo, ngakho-ke, ngakwesokunene umkhawulo wawusezingeni leso, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi lwaphezulu.
- Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokubunjwa komqhele - amagatsha aphansi naphansi kumele abe mude kunelawo angaphezu kwawo; iphuzu kufanele libe lide kakhulu.
- Amahlumela, okwakhiwa ngonyaka odlule, kufanele anqunywe.
- Ubude bokutshala kufanele buxhomeke kuhlobo lokukhula kwesihlahla: izihlahla ze-apple ezincane ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezinamaphesenti angu-2-3 kuphela okufanele azinqunywe; izihlahla ze-apple eziphakathi nendawo, ihlumela liyadliwa ngamehlo angama-5; amahlumela ama-apula amide aqoshwe ngu-7-8, ngisho nangaphezulu, amehlo.
