Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi iplamu ibonakala kanjani. Lesi yisitshalo esithandayo sabalimi ngenxa yezithelo zayo ezivelele futhi ezinomsoco.
Inezakhiwo ezizuzisayo, ezicebile kumaminerali namavithamini. I-pulp ye-plum iqukethe i-potassium, i-fluorine, i-sodium, amaprotheni, i-fibre yokudla, i-carbohydrate, i-vitamin B1, i-B2, i-C, i-E, ne-PP.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-plums sekutholile indawo yayo emithi. Isetshenziselwa ukushisa kwegazi kanye nesifo sezinso, sikwazi ukususa umzimba womuntu we-cholesterol. Lapho ukuqotshwa kanye namathumbu emathumbu kunomphumela omuhle we-laxative.
Ukudla ama-plums kuzoba usizo ku-gout, i-rheumatism, isifo senhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kwemizimba. Kulesi sihloko sibheka zonke izici zokutshala amapulazi asekhaya.
Phuma ekhaya: incazelo yesithelo somuthi
Abalimi abasemakhazikhazi bangakwazi, iplamu - isihlahla noma isihlahla.
Lesi sihlahla sinomqhele oqanda amaqanda, iminyaka ekhiqizayo ifinyelela eminyakeni engu-15, kanti lesi sitshalo singaphila iminyaka engamashumi amane neshumi.
Izinhlobo zakuqala ze-plums zingakhipha izitshalo kakade ngonyaka wesibili ngemva kokutshala, kodwa izinhlobo ezilandelayo - kuphela kwesithupha.
I-Plum inesimiso se-taproot, futhi cishe zonke izimpande ziyi-35 cm ejulile. I-Plum ayiyona eyimithi encane, umuthi ungafinyelela kumamitha angu-15 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga afushane, alula, elliptical noma i-obovate, emaphethelweni ayesethi, ama-pubescent avela ngezansi. Amaqabunga afinyelela ku-10 cm ubude, futhi afike ku-5 cm ububanzi. Kuze kube izimbali ezintathu kungenziwa kukhiqiza imbali eyodwa.
Uyazi? Ngokuya ngobudala, ukuhlukahluka kanye nekhwalithi yokunakekelwa, ukuvunwa kwama plums kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa kungafinyelela ku-70-100 kg.Izithelo zeplamu zingaba ophuzi, obomvu, obomvu, obuluhlaza-obomvu noma obuluhlaza obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Indlu yetshe icatshangwe futhi igwetshiwe ezinhlangothini zombili. Isithelo se-plum singahlehliswa noma sihlanganiswe.
Izinkanyezi zokutshala izindlu zasekhaya
Ezindaweni ezinendawo ebandayo, ukutshala komuthi we-plum kwenzeka entwasahlobo, lapho amaqabunga engakaqali ukuqala. Kodwa ezindaweni ezifudumele ze-plum zingatshalalwa ekuwa, ngakho-ke uyoba nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande kwi-frost. Kodwa-ke, uma izithombo zifika kuwe ngo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba, kunconywa ukuba zicubungulwe ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo zihlanganiswe ngamaqabunga e-spruce kusuka ku-frost. Lapho iqhwa liwa, kubalulekile ukudweba i-snowdrift kumagatsha ase-spruce. Lapho kufika entwasahlobo, lapho amaqabunga kuqala eqala ukuqhakaza, izithombo zasekhaya zeplamu zitshalwe emgodini olungiselelwe.
Indawo
Indawo yesikhwama sekhaya kungcono ukukhetha kusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga noma eningizimu ye-site. Ukukhula ipum isimiso esingaguquki. I-plums i-thermophilic, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhula nokuthuthuka emithambekeni esuka enkambeni yaseningizimu, lapho inhlabathi iqhuma kahle.
Lesi sitshalo singabuye sitshalwe eceleni kocingo ohlangothini lwelanga. Uma indawo lapho ipulazi ikhula khona ehlathini, kungcono ukutshala iplamu ekuphakameni kufika ku-0.5m, futhi ububanzi obufinyelela kumamitha amabili. Amapulazi asekhaya ayangena emhlabathini, kanti ukutshala nokuwagcina kulula, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa inhlabathi emnyama noma ihlathi elimnyama.
Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi yokutshala
Inhlabathi yokutshala idinga ukulungiswa kusengaphambili, isayithi kumele liguzwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwenza amakhomikhali amaminerali kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu engokwemvelo. Njengoba kungcono ukutshala iplamu ekuqaleni kwekwindla, udinga ukumba indawo kule entwasahlobo ngokuguga okuqhubekayo kwendawo ngaphansi kwesithambile esihlanzekile ngaphambi kokutshala.
Uyazi? Uma ukutshala iplamu kuhlelwe entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukucubungula isayithi izinsuku ezingu-14 ngaphambi kwalowo mzuzu.Uma izimo zezulu zincane, khona-ke kubalulekile ukutshala iplamu entwasahlobo, bese ulungisa inhlabathi ekwindla. Uma utshala, ugobe umgodi, ugxile ohlelweni lwempande yesitshalo, izimpande akufanele ziphoqelelwe izindonga zomgodi bese zigoqa phezulu. Ngokuvamekile, umgodi udonswe ukujula kwe-0.5m, futhi ububanzi - kufika ku-0.7 m.
I-home home efanele ipulazi yokutshala ubuchwepheshe
I-Plum isitshalo esivuthiwe esivamile, ngakho-ke kuyoba lula ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokukhula kwamapulazi asekhaya. Ukuze umuthi ube namandla futhi ulethe isivuno esihle, kufanele wazi ukuthi kufanele ulungise kanjani kahle umgodi wokutshala, isikhathi, kanye nesikimu sokutshala iplamu.
Izinsuku zokufika
Isikhathi sokutshala amapulazi asekhaya sithembele ngokuqondile ezimweni zezulu. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lesi sitshalo sitshalwe kahle ekwindla. Kunconywa ukutshala isihlahla entwasahlobo emgwaqeni ophakathi, kepha izinga lokuphila elihle leplamu elitshalwe ekwindla nakho kungenzeka. Ezindaweni lapho ubusika bunzima khona, i-home plum ayinaso isikhathi sokuwa phansi, ngakho ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe kuphela entwasahlobo. Lapho uhlwanyela ama-plums, umuntu kufanele acabangele isikhathi esithile kuphela, kodwa futhi nonyaka okhulayo. Amajaji akhuliswa kuphela lapho ephumula.
Kubalulekile! Uma lesi sitshalo siqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo, akusekho isidingo sokukuhambisa endaweni entsha.
Ukulungiselela ukuhamba ngomgodi
Umgodi wokutshala ama-plums asekhaya kufanele ugubiwe ububanzi buka-60 cm futhi ububanzi obungenani ububanzi buka-70 cm, ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba lugxile ekuqondeni olulodwa nesendlalelo esingaphansi komunye. Maphakathi nomgodi udinga ukushayela isikhonkwane eside, ubude obuncane ngaphezu komhlaba kumele bube yingxenye yemitha.
Umgodi ugcwele umhlabathi ohlanganiswe ne-peat kanye ne-humus.
Isitshalo sokutshala izithelo
Ukutshala iplamu efanele kubaluleke kakhulu. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukulungisa umgodi wokutshala nokusebenzisa umanyolo. Simboze konke ngendwangu yomhlaba. Uhlelo lomsuka nomanyolo akufanele uxhumane. Udinga ukushayela isikhonkwane se-garter emgodini. Ngemuva kokubeka umsila we-plum udinga ukuze intamo impande ikhule 6-7 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Okulandelayo, udinga ukufaka isipelingi se-prikopat, ngenkathi uhamba ngokucophelela enhlabathini ngonyawo lwakhe. Hlanganisa lesi sitshalo bese ubhala.
Indlela yokunakekela amapulazi asekhaya
I-Plum ayiwona umuthi ongathembeki kunawo wonke, ukutshala nokuwunakekela akudingi ukuzikhandla okukhulu, uma wazi isikhathi nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze.
Kubalulekile! Lapho kufika entwasahlobo kudingeka ukuba zifake izihlahla zezinyoni. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukhange izinyoni ezizosiza ukulwa nezinambuzane.Maphakathi no-Mashi, ungaqhubeka ngokuphepha ukusika izimpande zasekhaya. Ngo-Ephreli, umhlabathi ozungeza isihlahla somuthi kumele uguqulwe ngamanyolo we-nitrogen. Ngezihlahla ezingaphezu konyaka owodwa ubudala, kuyadingeka ukuthatha u-150-200 g we-urea noma i-calcium nitrate, kanye ne-plums esebenza kahle, 350-400 g.
Gweba inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu kufanele kube ngokucophelela, hhayi ejulile kune-10 cm, ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande. Esikhathini sasehlobo, kudingeka wenze umsebenzi wokuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane ezingatholakala emagqabeni esihlahla noma enhlabathini ezungeze isiqu.
Ehlobo, ngemuva kokuba i-plums ikhule, idinga ukukhulelwa komanyolo kanye nokufaka umanyolo. Ukulinganisela kokudla kwasehlobo kufana nokusentwasahlobo. Eshisayo, esomile, amapulazi asekhaya adingeka ukuba anisele.
Ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo, futhi usungakwazi ukuvuna. Ukuze ulungise iplamu ngesikhathi sasebusika, yenza amanzi ashicilele ukuchelela kwesihlahla. Okulandelayo, cabangela ngokuningiliziwe izimo zokutshala kahle amapulazi.
Kangaki ukuphuza iplamu yasekhaya
Amaplamu asekhaya adingekayo ukuze ukujula kwenhlabathi kuhanjiswe ku-40 cm. Ukuphuza amapulazi ngesikhathi sokukhula kuncike ekungenikeni kwemvula, ngokuvamile kuphuzisa umhlabathi izikhathi ezinhlanu. Ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezincane, kusetshenziselwa amabhakede amanzi angama-6 ngesikhathi, futhi ngaphansi kwamapulangwe ayishumi. Ukwakheka kwe-plums kwe-autumn kuyimpoqo, kuyayibeka inhlabathi ngomswakama kuze kube yilapho intwasahlobo kanye nesikhathi esifanayo kwandisa ukumelana kwezihlahla ku-frost.
Izindwangu eziphezulu zokugqoka ekhaya
Izindwangu zokugqoka zasendlini ezivame ukuhlanganiswa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukukhulula umhlaba ozungeza umuthi. Ukugqoka okungokwemvelo kwenziwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe njalo emva kweminyaka emi-4 ngesilinganiso sika 11-13 kg per m², kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
Ama-Potash nama-phosphate fertilizer asetshenziswa ekwindla, nase-nitrogen fertilizer entwasahlobo. Ngonyaka wokuqala nonyaka wesine kusukela kokutshala kweplamu yasekhaya, i-70-90 g ye-ammonium nitrate, 150-180 g we-superphosphate kanye no-45-50 g we-usawoti we-potassium yengezwe kanye nokumba.
Ngonyaka we-7-8 wempilo yomuthi, izinga lokudla liphindwe kabili.
Izici zihlahla izihlahla zezithelo
Ukuphanga izimpande zasekhaya ngokuvamile kuyenzeka entwasahlobo, lapho ukugeleza kosazi kungakaqali.
Uyazi? Njengoba ipulazi lekhaya likhula ngamandla eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, ukusika izihlahla kuhle kakhulu ngonyaka wesibili.Umqhele wesihlahla uvame ukubunjwa ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu. Ngonyaka lapho ipulazi itshalwe khona, akufanele ihlulwe, kodwa okwesibini kwentwasahlobo kuze kufike emagatsheni ama-7 e-squeletti avele phansi emthini, esendaweni elifanayo ukusuka komunye nomunye nge-45º angle ukusuka esihlahleni.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ungaqala ukwakha i-tier, kuyilapho udinga ukubuyela eceleni kwesiqu kusukela ebusweni ngamasentimitha angu-50, futhi amagatsha akhula aphansi kumele asuswe. Amagatsha angaphezu kwe-trunk engxenyeni ka-40º nawo asuswe kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho angase aphule ngesikhathi se-fruiting. Amagatsha amaphethelo adinga ukunqunywa yi-⅓, kanti abanye baqeda indandatho, ngaphandle kokushiya iziqu. 
Umqhubi kumele abe mfushane ukuze umuthi oneminyaka eyodwa ufike ku-1.8m ukuphakama. Ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila komuthi, umqhubi kufanele anciphise 40 cm ngaphezu kwegatsha eliphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi umqhubi uzokhula ngqo.
Ukudubula umqhubi wonyaka wesine kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube isikhathi eside kunamagatsha omzimba ngama-buds angu-6. Umqhubi kufanele akhishwe kuze kube yilapho kuphakama ukuphakama kwayo ngu-2.5 m. Emva kokuba umqhele ukhiwe, ukusika izihlahla kusetshenziselwa ukugqugquzela ukukhula kwamagatsha amasha ezithelo, okunikeza isivuno esikhulu.
Kubalulekile! Ukusika izimpande zasekhaya ezenziwe ngamathuluzi abukhali, zonke izicucu kufanele zicutshungulwe ngezinga lezingadi.
Izifo nokuvimbela izinambuzane
Ipulazi yasekhaya ngemuva kokutshala akudingi kuphela ukuchelela nokwehlisa, idinga ukuvikelwa ezinambuzane. Ukwelashwa okuvimbela amapulazi asekhaya kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngokuvamile ekupheleni kukaMashi, lapho ukugeleza kokushisa kwesitshalo kungakaqali. Ukuze uthole isixazululo kubalulekile ukwengeza ama-700 g we-urea ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. 
Ngenkathi yokwelashwa, ama-causative agents of izifo nezinambuzane ezasinda emva kwesikhathi sasebusika zibhubha, kodwa lesi sitshalo sithola isithasiselo se-nitrogen. Uma ifihlekile esihlahleni ichithekile, kodwa awunaso isikhathi sokuwacubungula nge-urea, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Agravertin, i-Iskra-bio, i-Fitoverm.
Emva kwalokhu ukwelashwa, izihlahla zifakwe ngesixazululo se "Zircon" noma "Ekoberin", lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukwandise ukumelana kwesihlahla izifo nezimo zokushisa.
Yeka ukuthi ipulazi lekhaya landa kangakanani
I-plum ngumuthi ongazaliswa yizihlumela, amatshe, izimpande nezitshalo eziluhlaza, ukuhlanganiswa. Okulandelayo, sibheka indlela ngayinye yokukhiqiza ngokuningiliziwe.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-root plum root suckers kuyindlela elula futhi esheshayo, okunikeza ukukhula okuqinile kwezimpande ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngaphandle kweplamu udinga ukukhetha inzalo ethuthukile, ukumba impande bese uyihlukanisa nesitshalo somama kude no-20 cm ukusuka esihlahleni. Sika impande kufanele iphathwe nge-pitch garden, ukuze kungabikho ukutheleleka.
- Ukutshala i-plums bone. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ithambo kumelwe limbozwe ngendwangu noma i-gauze futhi lifakwe esiqandisini se-stratification kusukela ekwindla kuze kuqale ngoMashi. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, amathambo atshalwa embizeni, futhi lapho ehluma, ayayinakekela, njengoba izithombo ezijwayelekile zondliwa futhi ziphuziswa. Ngemuva kokuba isithombo sikhule kancane, sitshalwe endaweni yokushisa ukuze sikhule. Emva konyaka, usekulungele ukufika endaweni ehlala njalo.
- Ukukhiqizwa kweplamu nge-cuttings eluhlaza kuyenziwa kakhulu ngoba kuletha imiphumela esheshayo. Ukuhluma kufanele kwenziwe ngoJuni, lapho amahlumela ekhula ngokukhula. Ngesikhathi eside, kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha angama-40, adinga ukufakwa emanzini. Ngokulandelayo, ama-cuttings axhunyiwe, futhi imiphetho engezansi ishiywe ubusuku bonke kusixazululo se "Heteroauxin". Ngemuva kwalokho, zidinga ukujuliswa ku-petiole weqabunga elikude engxenyeni ye-45º kude no-7 cm komunye nomunye, futhi phakathi kwemigqa kufanele kube ngu-5 cm. Emva kokunqunywa kwe-cuttings, i-dome kufanele isuswe.
- Uma iplamu isakazwa yizimpande ezicuthekayo, kufanele zinqunywe emahlumela ekuwa noma entwasahlobo. Kubalulekile ukumba amahlumela kanye nezimpande, emva kokusika ama-cuttings ubude obufinyelela ku-15 cm. Izimpande zemihlumela zitshalwe ngoMeyi kanye nama-green ones, ebangeni elingu-10 cm komunye nomunye, ngaphansi kwekhanda elibonakalayo.
- Ukuze ukukhiqiza ipulazi lokukhiqiza kudinga isitoreji kanye nokuhlanganiswa. Isigaba sokuqala singakhula kusuka etsheni noma usebenzise inzalo yesitshalo somuntu omdala. I-rootstock yalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo isetshenziswa njengesitokisi: iMoscow, Renclod, Skorospelka obomvu, i-Ugorka. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana kakhulu neqhwa.
Ukuvuna iplamu okwenziwe ngokwabo
Njengazo ezinye izihlahla zezithelo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isithelo siphila ngemuva kokutshala. Ukuvuna amapulazi ekhaya kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla yokuqala. Kuneminye imithetho lapho uqoqa amapulazi azosiza ukuwagcina ahlanzekile.
Kungcono ukuqoqa ama-plums esimweni esomile. Ekuseni ekuseni, lapho kusekhona amazolo, akufanele uqoqe ama-plums emva kokunisela noma imvula. Uma izithelo zimanzi, khona-ke impilo yabo ishelelekile.
Uma izithelo zenziwe, kufanele ziqoqwe. Ungalindeli umzuzwana lapho beba buthaka. Uma kugcinwa noma kuthuthwa amapulazi, izithelo ezinempilo, ezingaguquki ne-stem ziqoqwe. I-Wax ngamaplamu iwavikela ekuchaseni ezindaweni ezimbi. 
Qala ukuqoqa ama-plums kusukela ekupheleni kwamagatsha aphansi, ehamba phambili. Ukuze uqoqe izithelo kusuka phezulu, kufanele usebenzise ibhentshi noma isiteji. Ukuma emagatsheni akufanelekile, ngoba izinkuni zilula kakhulu. Uma ama-plums asetshenziselwa ukugcina noma ukuthutha, awukwazi ukuzamazama umuthi ukuze amapulazi awe.
Ukuze izitshalo ezizuzisayo nezokwelapha izithelo zihlale isikhathi eside, ekamelweni lapho amapulazi azogcinwa khona, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-2 ° C, kanti umswakama kufanele ube okungenani u-80%.
Uyazi? Izithelo zivuthiwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho zivuna ngo-2-3 ukuvakashelwa.Uma unamathela emithethweni engenhla, ukulahlekelwa kwemikhiqizo kuyoba yinto encane, futhi amapulazi asekhaya azogcinwa isikhathi eside.
