Umanyolo

I-superphosphate isetshenziswa kanjani kwezolimo

Wonke umuntu okhulisa izitshalo uyazi ukuthi ngaphandle kokugqoka, ngeke kube khona isitshalo, akukho izitshalo ezidliwayo, noma izitshalo zokuhlobisa. Izitshalo azinawo izakhamzimba ezanele emhlabathini, ngaphezu kwalokho, akuwona wonke umhlabathi onomsoco, ngakho-ke ngosizo lwezitshalo zomanyolo kudingeka zisize. Lesi sihloko sizokhuluma cishe superphosphate isicelo nesakhiwo sayo.

Indima ye-phosphorus ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo: indlela yokunquma ukungabi khona kwe-phosphorus

Indima ye-phosphate fertilizer yezitshalo ayikwazi ukuhlungwa: ngenxa yalesi sici, isimiso sezimpande zezitshalo sithuthukiswa futhi siqinisiwe, izici zokunambitheka ziyanda, ukuvunwa kwe-fruiting nokwenyuka kwe-oxidative ezakhiweni zezitshalo kuncishisiwe. Lapho isitshalo sinikezwa ngokwanele nge-phosphorus, isebenzisa umswakama kancane kancane, inani lamashukela azuzisayo liyakhula emahlathini, ukukhula kwezitshalo kwanda, izimbali zivame kakhulu futhi zivuthiwe. With phosphorus eyanele, fruiting esebenzayo, ukuvuthwa ngokushesha, izithelo eziphezulu ziqinisekisiwe. Ngenxa ye-phosphorus, ukumelana kwezitshalo ezifweni, ukuguquka kwezimo zezulu, kanye nokunambitheka kwezithelo kwanda.

Phosphorus for izitshalo - kuyinto evuselelayo, yenza ukuba lesi sitshalo sishintshe kusukela esikhathini sokukhula kuya kwezimbali, emva kokuhluma, kusebenze zonke izinqubo zokuphila ezidingekayo. Ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus kunciphisa izinqubo zamaprotheni kanye nokwandisa izinga le-nitrate ezakhiweni zezitshalo. Ukuntuleka kwesilinganiso esifanele sezinto kubambezela ukukhula, ubukhulu obunzima besitshalo buyashintsha umbala. Ngokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus, lesi sitshalo sithinteka kakhulu ukutheleleka kwefungal kanye negciwane.

Kuyini superphosphate

Cabanga ngalokho umanyolo we-phosphate. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi enokulinganisela okufana ne-powder noma i-granules, esetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ezikhulile nazo zonke izakhi ezidingekayo. Ukwakhiwa komanyolo kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu: elula, kabili, granulated futhi ammoniated. I-superphosphate iqukethe i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium nesulfure.

Ngesikhathi futhi kungani usebenzisa i-superphosphate

I-Phosphorus, enye yezakhi ezisebenzayo eziyinhloko, ihileleke kuzo zonke izigaba ezibalulekile zesitshalo, ngezinqubo zokuqubuzana kwezicubu ezitshalweni zezitshalo, ku-photosynthesis, ekuqiniseni isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokondla amaseli ezitshalo. Emhlabathini, ngisho nangomsoco kakhulu, akukho okungaphezulu kokungu-1% we-phosphorus, ngisho nezinhlanganisela ezimbalwa nalesi sici, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcwalisa lokhu okwehluleka ngosizo lwe-mineral superphosphate. Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-superphosphate kuba yinto ephoqelekile uma uqaphela ukuthi inkuni elukhuni ibumnyama, iphendukile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma emakhaleni. Lezi zibonakaliso zokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus, ngokuvamile lokhu kubonakala ezitshalweni.

Kubalulekile! Ngenkathi yinkimbinkimbi, kungase kube khona ukusabela ekunciphiseni izinga lokushisa, kanti uhlelo lwempande lwezitshalo alukwazi ukusondeza inani elifanele le-phosphorus emhlabathini. Izithombo zondliwa nge-phosphorus, futhi izinqubo zokukhula nentuthuko zibuyiselwa.

Izinhlobo ze-superphosphates

I-Superphosphate inezinhlobo eziningi, ezinye izinhlanganisela zenziwa nge-magnesium, boron, molybdenum nezinye izakhi. Okusetshenziswe kakhulu kuzo kuzobheka kakhulu.

Uyazi? I-Phosphorus ingenye yezakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphila kwezitshalo, izilwane, abantu kanye noMhlaba wonke. Okuqukethwe kwalesi sici ekubunjweni komhlaba womhlaba kungu-0.09% wamandla ayo, okuqukethwe kwawo emanzini olwandle kungu-0.07 mg ngetitha. I-Phosphorus ikhona ekubunjweni kwamaminerali angama-190, ezicukwaneni zezilwane nabantu, kuzo zonke izicubu nezithelo zezitshalo, ezihlanganiswa eziphilayo ze-DNA.

Okulula

I-Superphosphate fertilizer elula, noma i-monophosphate, i-powder ephuzi equkethe amaphesenti angama-20% e-phosphorus ekubunjweni. I-powder ayiketshezi. Noma kunjalo, kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo eziphambili kakhulu eziphumelela kangako. Ngenxa yentengo ephansi, isetshenziswa kakhulu abalimi kanye nokulima kwezomboni. Lo umanyolo usetshenziswe ekujuleni okujulile entwasahlobo nasekwindla ka-50 g ngayinye imitha yesikwele, kuhlanganise namanyolo we-potash ne-nitrogen. Uma ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo kwenza 500 g ngalunye kahle, esihlokweni esiseduzane somuthi okhulayo - kusuka ku-40 kuya kuma-70 g. Ukuze uthole izitshalo zemifino, izinga lokusebenza liyi-20 g ngayinye imitha yesikwele.

Okubili

I-superphosphate kabili ibonakala ngokuqukethwe kwe-calcium phosphate enamanzi amaningi. Lo umanyolo uqukethe i-phosphorus engama-50%, u-6% wesibabule no-2% we-nitrogen. Ukubunjwa kukhishwa, akukho gypsum kokuqukethwe. Masisebenzise kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi nakuzo zonke amasiko. Umanyolo usetshenziswe entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ukusebenzisa lokwakheka, uzothuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nobuningi besitshalo, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo namajikijolo. Ezolimo zezimboni, i-superphosphate kabili isetshenziselwa ukwandisa amaprotheni ezinhlameni, kanye namafutha e-oli - ukwandisa amafutha. Umanyolo usetshenziswa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla kusengaphambili, ukuze ngaphambi kokutshala noma izitshalo, i-phosphorus ithengiswa emhlabathini. Izitshalo ezinciphisa futhi zibuthakathaka zinconywa ukuba ziphuze ngekhambi eliketshezi lwe-superphosphate kabili. Sebenzisa lesi sakhiwo kuzo zonke izitshalo nazo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi.

I-granular

I-phosphate i-granulated ikhiqizwa ngokwemboni, igxuma ibe lula ukugcoba ukusetshenziswa, ukumanzisa ukubunjwa kwe-powder. Umthamo we-phosphorus on superphosphate granular up to 50%, okuqukethwe calcium sulfate kuyinto 30%. Izitshalo ze-Cruciferous ikakhulukazi ziphendula kahle i-superphosphate e-granulated. I-superphosphate ene-granular igcinwe kahle, ngoba ayishintshi, futhi uma isetshenzisiwe, ihlakazeka kahle. Enye inzuzo: ayigcinwa kahle emigqeni yenhlabathi, eyigugu kakhulu emhlabathini owunamakhomikhali kanye nenani elengeziwe le-aluminium nensimbi. Ngomanyolo womhlabathi onomsoco ufaka isandla, ukuxuba ngokulingana, ukwandisa ukusebenza kwawo kahle. Ngokuvamile, i-superphosphate enegranular isetshenziselwa izindawo ezinkulu zezolimo.

Ammonised

I-main kanye ne-superphosphate yama-ammonated yukuthi ayiqukethe i-gypsum, engasetshenziswanga kahle emanzini. Ukwakhiwa komanyolo we-ammoniated, ngaphezu kwe-phosphorus (32%), i-nitrogen (10%) ne-calcium (14%), iqukethe u-12% wesibabule, kuze kufike kuma-55% we-potassium sulfate. Le superphosphate iyigugu kuma-oliseed and cruciferous izitshalo, banesidingo esikhulu sulfure. Lo umanyolo usetshenziswa, uma kunesidingo, ukulungisa izinkomba zama-salts nama-alkali emhlabathini. Inzuzo eyinhloko yokwakhiwa kwe-ammoniated yukuthi ayikwenzi i-oxidize inhlabathi, ngoba ukusabela kwe-asidi kuphethwe yi-ammonia. Ukuphumelela kwalokhu kumanyolo ku-10% ngaphezulu kunezinye izinhlanganisela.

Ukuhambisana namanye umquba

Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuguqulwa kwe-superphosphate zibe amafomu afinyeleleke ezitshalweni yizinkomba ze-acidity zenhlabathi eziyi-6.2-7.5 pH kanti amazinga okushisa angekho ngaphansi kuka-degrees Celsius. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe lezi zimo nokutholakala kwe-phosphorus ezitshalweni, ukukhishwa kwenhlabathi kwangaphambili kuyenzeka. I-Superphosphate isebenzelana kahle ne-lime, u-ash ash kanye nefulawa le-dolomite.

Qaphela! Hlanganisa inhlabathi kusengaphambili: inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokufakwa okuhlosiwe kwe-superphosphate.

Ukwandisa ukugaya ukudla kwe-phosphorus kuhlanganiswe nemifuno ephilayo: i-humus, umquba kanye ne-bird droppings.

Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa kwe-superphosphate

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-superphosphate zezitshalo kunconywa ngendlela yokungena emhlabathini uma ugoba ekwindla noma lapho uhlwanyela izitshalo. Ibuye isetshenziswe njengendlela yokugqoka ephezulu ngenkathi itsha izitshalo zensimu, izihlahla zezithelo nezitshalo.

Izilinganiso eziphakanyisiwe zezitshalo zensimu:

  • ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla, lapho bemba, bangeza kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-50 g ngemitha yendawo ngayinye;
  • lapho utshala izithombo - 3 g emgodini ngamunye;
  • njengendlela yokugqoka eyomile ngamamitha square - 15-20 g;
  • for izihlahla zezithelo - kusuka 40 kuya 60 g ngayinye imitha square of the circle of the stem.

Kuyathakazelisa Ukutholakala kwe-phosphorus kuthiwa nguHennig Brand - isazi samakhemikhali saseHurgand. Ngomnyaka we-1669, umthengisi olahlekile, ethembeni lokuthuthukisa isimo sakhe sezezimali, wazama ukuthola itshe lefilosofi ngosizo lwama-alchemical experiments. Kunalokho, wathola into ekhanya ebumnyameni.

Indlela yokwenza i-hood ye-superphosphate

Ukukhishwa okuvela ku-superphosphate kulungiselelwe ngabalimi abaningi abanolwazi. Lokhu kuyinkinga kakhulu ukwenza, ngoba i-gypsum, ekhona kwezinye izinhlobo zomanyolo, ayifuni ukuchithwa emanzini ngaphandle kwesidumbu.

Ukufeza inqubo ngempumelelo, kutuswa ukuba wenze izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

  1. Thatha ukubunjwa kwe-granular namanzi ashisayo (100 g ngalinye ilitha).
  2. Faka kahle futhi ubilise imizuzu engamashumi amathathu.
  3. Ukuze ungashiyi i-sediment ye-sediment, hlukana nge-gauze encane.

Uma ufaka isicelo, phawula ukuthi i-100 g ye-hood etholakalayo izothatha isikhundla sama-20 g wezindaba ezimile; imitha eyodwa yomhlabathi ingaphathwa nge-hood. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-superphosphate kugqugquzela ukukhula kwezitshalo, kuqinisa izingxenye zomhlaba kanye nenqubo yezimpande, kugqugquzela izimbali eziluhlaza futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kukhula kakhulu, kwandisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ezifweni. Gcwalisa ingadi yakho nensimu yezithelo, kanti izitshalo ozikhulayo zizophendula ngokuvunwa okuhle.