I-Carnation ingenye yezimbali ezithandwa kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukusika izimbali. Ikhulile emhlabathini ovulekile nasendaweni yokugcina izithombo. Izimbali zasendle nezensimu ngokuvamile zivame ukugula ngezifo ezihlukahlukene. Awukwazi ukusho mayelana nezitshalo zokushisa okushisa, okuvame ukuthinta amagciwane, isikhunta, ama-virus. Kulesi sihloko, sikhethe wena incazelo yezindlela zokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezifo ezivame kakhulu ze-clove.
Alternaria
Izimpawu ze-Alternaria, ezibangelwa i-fungus ye-pathogenic, iyindilinga noma i-oblong amabala eduze nomvuthwandaba omkhulu weqabunga. Kamuva, zibonakala zibe zimnyama ngendwangu yomnqumo. Amabhande afanayo afana nesibindi, okwenza ukuba kubonakale. Amaqabunga ama-curl ayomile.
I-fungus yezifo isakazeka ngokusebenzisa izitshalo ezithathelwanayo nezitshalo zokutshala. Isici esihle sokukhiqiza kwalo yisimiso esiningi ngokweqile. Lesi sifo sivame ukukhula esimweni esifudumele sezulu esinzima.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-clove ezithinteka kakhulu ku-Alternaria, kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokuthi "Shabo". Izimbali zasendle nezitshalwe ngokuvamile zivimbela lesi sifo.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ukuze kuvikelwe umonakalo wemidwebo ye-Alternaria, kubalulekile ukuzama ukukhula izitshalo ezinamandla, ezinempilo. Ukwenza lokhu, kudingeka badliwe ngamanyolo aqukethe i-potassium ne-phosphorus. Ukuthungwa komhlabathi okweqile akufanele kubekezeleleke; amanzi amanzi kufanele aqinisekiswe ngenkathi ehlwanyela ukuze amanzi emvula angahlali. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukwenza izithako ze-nitrojeni, ngoba ukungaphezu kwazo kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Akufanele ukhule ama-carnations, ikakhulukazi uShabo, kwenye indawo eyodwa engaphezu kweminyaka emibili elandelanayo. Ukutshala ukusebenzisa imbewu kuphela izimbali ezinempilo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Uma ubona izimpawu ze-Alternaria, izitshalo ezigulayo zibhujiswa. Khona-ke ukuphalaza kwenziwa izikhathi eziningana nge-1% ye-Bordeaux liquid, isixazululo esingu-0.25% se-oxychloride yethusi noma amanye amalungiselelo (i-Chom, i-Ridomil Gold) enezinsuku ezingu-10-15.
Uma usebenzisa imbewu engabaza yokutshala, yiphathe ngamafungicide noma uwushise ku-50 ºะก imizuzu engu-15.
Ama-clove ase-Ascohitosis
Esinye isifo se-fungal se-clove sisinjengo-ascochytosis. Ibonakala njengezindawo ezimpunga ezinezimpumputhe ezimnyama, lapho kudala khona ama-black sclerotia omnyama noma omnyama okwakhiwa ngamachashazi amancane.
Njengesifo esandulele, sisakazeka nezitshalo ezigulayo kanye nezidakamizwa zezitshalo.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Kubalulekile ukususa nokubhubhisa izinsalela zezitshalo ekwindla. Kunconywa ukuphamba kokuvimbela ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlanganiswa kwe-Bordeaux ingxube noma amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi ("Hom", "Abiga-peak", "Oksikhom, njll"). Ngesikhathi sokukhula usebenzisa ithuluzi "Inzuzo".
Izindlela zokulawula. Uma isifo sitholakala kuma-clove, zisuswa futhi zibhujiswa ngokushisa. Izitshalo ezingathintekile zifakwe nge-Bordeaux liquid noma ezinye izinhlobo ze-fungicides.
Uyazi? Imikhakha kanye nama-tulips anezifo eziningi ezivamile kanye nezinambuzane. Ngokuvamile kaningi ama-tulips abe yiziphathimandla zokutheleleka kwi-carnations. Ngakho-ke, lezi zitshalo akufanele zitshalwe endaweni eseduze.
Bacteriosis
Ngokunqotshwa kwe-bacteriosis noma i-bacterial wilt, izimpande, iziqu, amahlumela, amaqabunga esitshalo ahlupheka. Lesi sifo singathuthuka ngokushesha - ukubulawa kwegazi kufa kungakapheli inyanga. Ngokunqotshwa kwesimiso sempande kuso kanye nempande yentamo, ukukhula kwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcoba kubonakala kubola nokufa kwezimpande. Amaqabunga aphendukile-aluhlaza futhi aphelile. Esinye isibonakaliso singase sibe ukubonakala ngaphakathi kwe-vein yeqabunga le-chlorotic swellings, lapho icindezelwe, ekhishwa uketshezi. 1-2 cm imifantu ende ivela ngeziqu. Ngokunqotshwa kwesimiso se-vascular of the plant, kuba umbala obomvu, ugwetshiwe, okuholela ekubhubhiseni imbali.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Uma i-carnation itshalwe nge-cuttings, izitshalo ezinempilo kuphela ezikhethiwe ukusika. Okufanayo kusebenza kumbewu - kumele kuthathwe kuphela ezitolo ezikhethekile noma ezivela ezimbali ezivunyiwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, i-cuttings ye-cuttings iphathwa ngekhambi le-potassium permanganate. Ukupompela kwe-prophylactic nge-agents eziqukethe ithusi, izidakamizwa "Gamar", "Fitoflavin" isetshenziswa.
Izindlela zokulawula. Lapho izimpawu zokuqala ze-bacteriosis zivela, izitshalo ezithintekile kufanele zisuswe emhlabathini futhi zishiswe. I-Ground ngaphansi kwezimpande ziphuziswa nge-fungicides "Alirin-B", "Fitosporin-M", "Planriz" noma abanye.
I-Botrytis (i-gray gray)
I-Botrytis ithinta i-carnation lapho isimo sezulu sibanda futhi simanzi isikhathi eside. Kanti futhi kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kokutshala okuqinile, izakhiwo ezingahlanganisiwe, okungaphezu kwamaminerali nge nitrogen.
Lesi sifo sibonakala ezimpandeni ze-carnations nge-grey bloom.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwezitshalo nge-mold mold, izithombo zokugcina izithombo zisebenza kahle emoyeni, okwenza kube lula ukunciphisa izinga lomswakama womoya. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusakazeka kwesifo, amafungicides ahlanzwa ngesikhathi sokuchithwa kwesikhashana. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi izitshalo ngesikhathi ukhulula noma ukhula. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ukupompela kokuvikela kwe-copper sulfate kwenziwa, futhi phakathi nenkathi yemifino baphathwa ngokuthi "Fundazol".
Izindlela zokulawula. Izitshalo ezigulayo zisuswe masinyane emhlabathini bese zibhujiswa.
Kubalulekile! Isimo esiyinhloko sokutshala ngokuphumelelayo kwama-clove ukuthambisa kwawo okufanele - isitshalo asibekezeli amanzi.
Heterosporiosis
Izibonakaliso ze-fungal disease heterosporia yizindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesikhumba somvu obomvu. Izitho zezitshalo ezithintekile yizo zinhla ziyabuna futhi zifa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ukuze uvimbele lesi sifo, izimbali zifakwe kathathu ngezikhathi zamasonto amabili nge "Nitrafen" (2%), i-chloroxide yethusi (0.6-0.8%) nezinye izidakamizwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Indlela yokudonsa amanzi, ukuze amanzi angangeni emaqabeni nezimbali.
Izindlela zokulawula. Izitshalo ezigulayo zibhubhisa. Yenza ukwelapha Bordeaux liquid, oxychloride yethusi, "Zinebom."
Spotting
Izindwangu ze-clove ne-viral, isifo esiyingozi esingekho, singathinta lesi sifo. Izici zalo ezibonakalayo zifakwe emaceleni amapheshana. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, amabala nezimbali azakhiwa emaqabungeni omzimba. Lesi sitshalo sivimbela ukukhula, kunomgogodla ekuthuthukisweni. Ithimba lamaqabunga liba yi-wavy, likhahlela phansi.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Kudingeka ukuthenga izinto zokutshala kuphela ezitolo ezakhelwe kahle noma amapulazi aqinisekisiwe ngekhwalithi yezithombo. Uma utshala nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, amathuluzi engadini ahambisana nokucubungula. Kubalulekile futhi ukulwa nezinambuzane ezithwala amagciwane.
Izindlela zokulawula. Akukho.
UMose
Esinye sezifo eziyingozi kunazo zonke ze-clove siyi-mosaic. Kubonakala ngamabala aluhlaza emaqabunga kanye nezinkomishi. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, amabala ahlukumeza futhi aphumele ngaphandle, enza izimbobo. Amahlamvu asulekile. Izimbali zamapulangwe zihlanganiswa nezinhlangothi ezincane zokukhanya. Ekugcineni, ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kubangela ukufa kwesitshalo.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ukuhambisana nemithetho yobunjiniyela bezolimo - isimo esiyinhloko sokuvimbela umongo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukususa ukhula olungasakaza amagciwane, kanye nokubhekana nezinambuzane ezisondezayo - abathwali besifo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Kuze kube manje, izindlela zokubhekana nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane azange zenziwe.
Ukugqwala
I-carnation nayo ibhekene nokugqwala, i-agent causative ye-fungus eyingozi. Lithinta amaqabunga, iziqu kanye nama-petioles esitshalo - zakha ama-swellings asundu namabala aphuzi. Izitshalo ziba yi-brittle, iphule futhi ihlehlise.
Ukhula lukhula ezitshalweni ezikhula ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama ophezulu, zibhekene nokuntula kwe-nitrogen ne-potassium ngokweqile. Kuzo zokugcina izithombo, lesi sifo sisakazeka ekwindla-ebusika ekushiseni kwe-18-20 ° C.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ukuvimbela kuqukethe ukuthambisa okulinganiselayo nokuvimbela ukunyuka kwamanzi. Kunconywa ukufaka umquba wamapulangwe nge-potassium nitrate (0.5%). Izindlu zokugcina izithombo kufanele zifakwe njalo. Ama-landings akufanele aqiniswe. Kubalulekile ukubhubhisa ukhula, okungaba yiziphathamandla eziphakathi kwe-fungus-pathogen.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukwelapha ukugqwala kwenziwa nge-spungys fungicidal. I-Bordeaux liquid, "i-Topaz", "i-Baktofit", njll isetshenzisiwe. Isusa izitshalo ezigulayo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Kubalulekile! Ukuphalaza nge-fungicides kumele kwenziwe ngenhlabathi engenamoya, eyomile, eshisayo, ekuseni noma kusihlwa.
Rhizoctoniosis
I-Rhizoctoniosis ivuselela i-stem rotting ekoleni lempande. Ngenxa yalokho, amanzi namanqamu ayeke ukugeleza ukuya engxenyeni engenhla yesitshalo. Amaqabunga aqala ukuphuzi, aphelile. Izimpande zithinteka ngokubola.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ukugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama ophakanyisiwe ukuze kuvezwe ama-clove. Umquba wokubeletha kanye nomhlabathi ukhulula - kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala okwanele kwe-oksijini ezimpandeni. Ukufika akufanele kwenziwe ngokujulile okukhulu.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo nomhlabathi ngamalungiselelo "Maxim", "Alirin B".
I-Septoriosis Clove
I-fungus pathogen ye-septoria ibangela izindawo ezincane eziphuzi ezinombala obomvu obomvu. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, ama-middle spots aphenduka amhlophe, afe futhi aphumele ngaphandle, enza izimbobo. I-sclerotia emnyama enezinhlamvu ezifungayo ibonakala ngokucacile kumathisini agciwane.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ngaphambi kokuba uphethiloli luqhutshwa ngethusi ekubunjweni, kanye "Nenzuzo", "Trichodermine". Njengoba i-mushroom overwinters ezinsalela zezitshalo ezithathelwanayo, ekwindla kuyadingeka ukuhlanza ngokuphelele umhlaba ngaphansi kwama-flowerbeds kanye nokuhlwanyela izingadi.
Izindlela zokulawula. Faka izicelo ze-spray fungicides. Izitshalo ezigulayo zibhubhisa.
I-Sclerotinia
Uma ubona ukuqhakaza okwesibhakabhaka kumaqabunga aphansi noma iziqu, lesi sitshalo singase sithathwe ngesifo se-sclerotinia. Lesi sifo siholela ezimpandeni ezibola.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ukugcina umswakama futhi kunconywa izinga lokushisa lapho kukhula ama-clove ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-stud ayithandi inhlabathi ekhukhulayo. Kufanele njalo ukukhulula phansi.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa "U-Alirin B", "Glyocladin", "Maxim".
I-Tracheomycosis (i-verticillary wilt)
I-agent causative ye-tracheomycosis, noma i-verticillary wilt, i-fungus ye-genus Verticillium. Ukutheleleka ikakhulukazi kwenzeka ngenhlabathi. Lapho i-fungus ihamba nezinsalela zezitshalo ezinegciwane. Izimpawu zesifo: amaqabunga aphansi aphuzi futhi asomile, lesi sitshalo siyaphela. I-fungus ihlasela uhlelo lwe-vascular of the clove.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ngenhloso yokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukugcina imikhuba efanele yokulima, ukutshala okunye okutshala kwezitshalo kwisayithi, ukutshala nge-phosphorus-aqukethe umquba womanyolo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukwenqatshwa nokubhujiswa kwezitshalo ezigulayo. Ukwenza ukwelashwa "Fundazol" (2%), ubeka umhlabathi.
I-Fusarium
Nge-fusarium wilt, ukubomvu kweziqu ze-carnation, ukuphuziza nokuqothula kwamaqabunga, ukuhluma okuphelele kwezimbali, ukubola kwezimpande kanye ne-collar root. I-pathogen ye-fungal ingena esimisweni sezinsiza zesitshalo futhi kancane kancane iholela ekufeni kwembali.
Izici ezithandekayo zokuthuthukiswa kweFusarium zihlwanyelwe ukutshala, ukushisa okuphezulu kanye nenhlabathi enomanzi ene-asidi ephezulu.
Izinhlamvu ze-fungus ye-pathogenic ziqhubeka nezitshalo ezigulayo, zitshala izidumbu nezinhlabathi.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ukuze uvikele ama-clove esesifo esinzima kangaka, kunconywa ukuba uxoxise inhlabathi ngeshlabathi noma i-gravel emihle. Ungazibandakanya kumanyolo we-nitrogen, ikakhulukazi umanyolo we-ammonia nokunisela okuneqile. Kodwa izithasiselo ze-potash-phosphorus zokuvimbela aziphazamisi.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, indlela eyinhloko yomzabalazo kuyoba ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo sibe nezimbali ezinempilo. Ukuze ungaphuthelwa izimpawu zokuqala zesifo, udinga ukuhlola izitshalo kaningi. Lapho izitshalo ezigulayo zitholakala, ziyakhiwa futhi zishiswe. Ama-clove okutshala aphethwe ngama-fungicide kabili nge-interval of days 10-15. Ngemuva kokulima, kukhululiwe. Amaholide abuyela esiteshini lapho kuqubuke khona iFusarium, emva kweminyaka emithathu noma emine.
Uyazi? Ukutshala ubuciko bokuqothulwa kuncike esikhathini sokutshala isitshalo endaweni evulekile kanye nokulinganisela nokuqina kokukhanya endaweni evaliwe. Isibonelo, lapho ukhula izinhlamvu ezinsimini ezinyangeni ezingu-6-8, kunconywa ukutshala izihlahla eziyi-100 kumitha eyodwa yesikwele. m. Uma ukunciphisa isikhathi sokufika kukhulisa ubungakanani bayo.
I-phyllosticosis ye-carnation
Lesi sifo sesibungulu sibonakala ngesimo samancane amancane noma ama-oval wombala ompunga okhanyayo nomngcele obomvu. Amaqabunga e-clove ahlaselwe aphuzi futhi asomile.
I-fungus pathogen ihlala ezinsalela zezitshalo.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Yenza ukuphamba okuvimbela ngaphambi kokuchichima. Basebenzisa izidakamizwa eziqukethe ithusi, kanye nemikhiqizo "Maxim", "Inzuzo". Ekwindla babhubhisa izinsalela zezitshalo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ama-clove ezigulayo akhishwa futhi ashiswa.
Ukubamba iqhaza, siyabona ukuthi ukuvimbela lesi sifo kulula kakhulu kunesikhathi esizayo ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokulwa nezifo zama-clove. Uma ulandela imithetho ye-agrotechnical lapho ukhula ama-clove, okungukuthi: yenza ukujula okujulile, ukukhipha okuhlelekile, ukuphuza okulinganiselayo, ukupha okulungile ngezinto ezisebenzayo, ingozi yokubamba isifo esitshalweni ngeke ibe yinto encane. Kubalulekile futhi ukunganaki izindinganiso zokujikeleza kwezitshalo nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinempilo zokutshala. Zonke lezi zinyathelo zizokuvumela ukuba ugweme izinqubo ezingaphephile nezindleko zokulungisa amakhemikhali.
