Igama elithi "gruzd" ekuhunyushweni elisuka eSlavonic Church lisho "inqwaba".
Akumangalisi ukuthi banalo lelo gama.
Ezikhathini zasendulo eRussia, abaqoqi be-mushroom baqoqa amakolishi abo futhi bawasawosa emigodini.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-moorings zihlanganisa izici ezivamile: Izindwangu ezigxilwe kwi-cap ziyabonakala futhi isimo siyashintsha ngokukhula kwe-fungus - okokuqala i-convex bese ihlotshaniswa nemigodi ibheke phansi.
Bangabasefungi. Amacwecwe angaba nemibala ehlukene, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo, bese uya emlenzeni. Zonke izinhlobo zebhontshisi ye-moor zihlangene ku-genre Mlechnik (lat. Lactarius) womndeni wakwaSyrushage (lat. Russulaceae).
Uyazi? Amaprotheni angu-32.2% atholakale ebomini lobisi olomile - lokhu kungaphezu kokudla. Kodwa ngesimo esimisiwe, amakhowe amakhowe awasetshenziswanga ngenxa yobunzima bejusi elimbi.
Ukudla kwangempela (Lactarius resimus)
Ngo-1942, isazi sezinto ezincane zezinto eziphilayo uBoris Vasilkov sahlola izinhlobo ze-saumon, sazichaza, sazibiza ngokuthi i-salmon emhlophe njengama-mushroom langempela ngoba kubhekwe abantu. Nakuba kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, pepper pepper yayibizwa ngokuthi okwamanje. 
Ikhula esifundeni seVolga, e-Urals, eSiberia. Ikhani ngobubanzi buka-6-25 cm, elimhlophe noma eliphuzi, elinamathele kancane. Ukuma kwalo kuyashintsha, futhi ngaphansi kwayo kukhona amapulethi amhlophe. Imiphetho ye-cap ingahlanganiswa ne-fluff, okuyisici esiyinhloko esivela kulolu hlobo.
Umlenze we-3-9 cm high, u-cylindrical, omhlophe noma ophuzi, ongenalutho phakathi. Umzimba we-fungus uhlanzekile, unomso omuncu ekhefu, oguqula umbala wayo ophuzi ophuzi lapho uxhumana nomoya. Iphunga lifana kakhulu nesinambitheka sezithelo. Hlanganisa ukuvunwa kusukela ngoJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSeptemba emahlathini ahlambulukile ahlangene eduze kwezihlahla ze-birch.
ERussia, i-mushroom emhlophe ibhekwa njengenkosi yamakhowe futhi idliwa, eNtshonalanga Yurophu kubhekwe njengengenakwenzeka. Njengoba ijusi elimnandi linambitheka kakhulu, lisikiwe ngaphambi kokupheka, elibilisiwe isikhathi eside, emva kwalokho lithatha uhlaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Emithi yokwelapha, ubisi wangempela lisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-urolithiasis nokuhluleka kwenkunzi.
I-Squish ephuzi (i-Lactarius scrobiculatus)
Ikhuluma ngezilwane ezidliwayo ngokomzimba. Ikhula emahlathini okuthiwa yi-coniferous noma e-birch e-Eurasia ngesimo sezulu esifudumele. 
Isigqoko siyi-6-28 cm ububanzi, igolide ephuzi, ibushelelezi. Ukuma kwekhanda kuyashintsha njengoba amakhowe ekhula. Amapulangwe anezindawo ezinsundu angabekwa eceleni. Umlenze ukhula ngokuphakama kuze kufike ku-12 cm, enezintaba eziphuzi ezikhanyayo, ezinamandla, ezinamathela, nakuba ngaphakathi kungenalutho. I-pulp ye-fungus imhlophe, kodwa iphenduka iphuzi. Ijusi elimnandi elimnandi nalo liyisici. Iphunga libuthakathaka kodwa limnandi. Uthanda ukukhula emhlabathini we-limestone.
Kudliwa emva kokugxilisa nokubilisa. Ukwelashwa kwemithi yomuntu isetshenziswe ngendlela ye-decoction kusuka ku-cholelithiasis.
Kubalulekile! Umdaka udala i-mycorrhiza nge-birch, ngenxa yokuthi ithola amanzi namaminerali amaningi, futhi iphuma emanzini ama-carbohydrate, ama-amino acids nama-phytohormones.
I-Peppermint (Lactarius piperatus)
Ukuphatha ngokuvamile kutholakala amakhowe endaweni ephansi futhi ehlathini yamahlathi aseRussia. 
Iphepuli lepeleyi igcina zonke izici ezijwayelekile zomthwalo, kodwa zinemikhiqizo enjalo. Le cap is 6-18 cm ububanzi, ezimhlophe-ezimhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi zimbozwe izindawo ezibomvu. Isikhungo sinendawo yokuvota, kodwa ayinayo izindandatho ezinde. Inyama imhlophe, ilukhuni, ikhuphuka inqwaba yemifino, lapho, lapho ihlangana nomoya, iba ngumnqumo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi i-pulp iba yi-bluish-blue.
Ukunambitheka kwamakhowe we-pepper okubabayo, futhi iphunga lifana nesinkwa se-rye. Faka umlenze ufike ku-8 cm, umhlophe, ube mnandi ngobuso obunamathele kancane. Lapho ukhula ithola uhlaza oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma olubomvu. Ngaphansi kwekhanda, amacwecwe amancane, ehla emlenzeni wombala omhlophe, ocolile. Uma amapuleti ewonakele, ahlanganiswa namabala aphuzi.
I-Pepper ikhula emahlathini amancane noma ahlanganisiwe kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba futhi idala i-mycosis nge-oak, i-birch ne-spruce. Amakhomikhali asetshenziselwa u-salting, u-pickling, noma efomini elomile elomile esikhundleni sepelepele.
Lezi zinhlobo zisetshenziselwa imithi yomuthi yokwelashwa kwesifo sezinso, isifo se-gallstone, isifo sofuba, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-conjunctivitis. Ijusi elimnyama lisusa ama-warts.
I-Aspen Chest (i-Lactarius controversus)
Lezi zinhlobo nazo zibizwa ngokuthi i-piper boarder noma i-aspen. Ikhula ezindaweni ezifudumele zezinga eliphansi lezulu. E-Russia, zitholakala kakhulu endaweni yesifunda se-Lower Volga. 
Ibonisa ukuthi iyadliwa ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokutholakala kwejusi elimnandi. Incazelo ye-mushroom ifana nalokhu okwamanje, kodwa ihlukaniswe ukubonakala kwekhanda lamabala obuhlaza obuhlaza kanye namacwecwe e-pink ngaphansi kwalo. Ijusi elimhlophe ligcwele amhlophe futhi li-acrid, alishintshi umbala ngekhefu.
Wathola igama layo kusuka endaweni yokuhlala - amahlathi ase-aspen nama-poplar. Lezi zinhlobo zikhulu kunezinye, i-cap yayo ingakhula ibe ngu-30 cm ububanzi. Kubaluleka kakhulu kunezimbuzi ezimhlophe futhi eziphuzi, kodwa kudume ngokuhluma kwayo okukhulu.
Ukuvuthwa kwe-gruzdya aspen kwenzeka ngaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke lesi sigqoko sihlale singcolile. Ifomu i-mycorrhiza nge-willow, aspen, i-poplar. Ukuvuna kwenzeka kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Pulp gruzdya aspen omhlophe, obuthakathaka, obukhulu obunomzimba ovuthayo. Sebenzisa le mbono kuphela ekukhethweni.
Iphunga lesikhumba (Lactarius pergamenus)
Lezi zinhlobo zingama-mushroom adingekayo ngokomzimba. Ikhula emahlathini ahlanganisiwe ngamaqembu amakhulu. 
Ikhefu lesikhumba lingamamitha ayi-10 ububanzi, linombala omhlophe, oguqula ukuphuza ngokukhula kwe-fungus, ubuso bubumbene, bungaba bushelelezi. Igcina zonke izici zendlela yokulayisha. I-pulp ye-fungus imhlophe ngotshisi olumama olungaguquki umbala uma luphukile. Ngaphansi kombala wekhanda umbala ophuzi. Umlenze wehliselwe phansi, omude, omhlophe.
Ifana nokulayisha okuphambene, kepha ku-stem ephezulu kanye ne-cap encane encane. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngo-Agasti-Septemba. Isetshenziselwa ukubhekwa nge-pre-soaking.
I-Bluish (i-Lactarius glaucescens)
Eqenjini le-white grujdy lithwala isithukuthezi se-bluish, njengesikhwele sesikhumba. Lezi zinhlobo zikhula emahlathini ahlotshisiwe ase-Eurasia. Isici sezinhlobo zezinto ezikhona lapho kukhona khona amabala aphuzi okwephuzi phezu kwekhanda. Zonke ezinye izincazelo zifanayo. 
I-Milky sap gruzdya ibluish ngokushesha iphelile ngesikhathi sokuphumula kanye nohlaza oluncane. Lokhu kwenza kubonakale sengathi i-pepper. Ukwahlukana phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo kubantu abaqoqi be-mushroom akukhathazi ngempela. Zonke lezi zinhlobo, nakuba zifana, kodwa zihlanganisa ukuze amakhowe adle ngokomzimba. Futhi lezi zinhlobo zemvelo azinawo amawele amabi.
Ifometha i-mycosis kuphela ngemithi enqabile. Hlanganisa ukuvunwa kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSeptemba. Ekuphekeni, esetshenziselwa ukukhethwa kuphela.
Kubalulekile! Ngenxa yesiphuzo esinomsoco nesimuncu, ubisi amakhowe aluvame ukuthinteka yizinambuzane. Ukuqeda ukufutheka kwalo, ubisi amakhowe kumele lubonwe: ubhontshisi obisi obomhlophe - usuku, abamnyama - izinsuku ezimbalwa. Amanzi ashintshwe kathathu ngosuku futhi usawoti wanezelwa kuwo.
I-Black Lactarius necator
Amakhowe amakhowe amnyama asho okudliwayo ngokomzimba. Incazelo yezimpawu zangaphandle injengawo wonke amadodana. 
I-cap in ububanzi ingaba ngu-20 cm omnqumo omnyama noma umnyama omnyama obala nomnyama phakathi nendawo. Inyama isinyene, imhlophe, isibhakabhaka, iyashintsha umbala wayo ube yimpunga uma iphukile. Ijusi elinomsoco liyabangela, liningi. Umlenze umbala ofanayo ne-cap.
I-fungus yakha i-mycorrhiza nge-birch futhi ikhula emahlathini ahlanganisiwe. Ukuvuna kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba. It isetshenziselwa salting, ukuthola umbala purple-burgundy.
I-Blueblind (i-Lactarius repraesentaneus)
Lezi zinhlobo nazo zithole igama le-muzzle yenja noma i-violet yegolide ephuzi. Isatshalaliswe endaweni ephakeme ne-arctic yaseRussia emahlathini ahlukumezekile namaxube. 
Le cap is 7-20 cm ububanzi, obukhulu, ophuzi nombala nge izindandatho ezibuthakathaka eziqinile, shaggy emaphethelweni. Inyama imhlophe, ilukhuni, ijusi elimnandi emoyeni lithola umbala obomvu, kodwa aluningi. Amacwecwe amancane, aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka embala bese enza amabala amnyama uma ewonakele. Umlenze unombala ophuzi obumbala kuze kufike ku-10 cm ubude, ungaphakathi ngaphakathi, uphendulela okwesibhakabhaka ngesikhathi sokuphuka.
Ifomu i-mycosis ne-birch, i-willow ne-spruce. Ukuvuna kwenzeka ngoJulayi no-Okthoba. Isici esibalulekile salezi zinhlobo wukuthi ososayensi baye bathatha izinto ezikhethekile ezingakhuphula ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Okusondelene kakhulu nokufana okufana ne-salmon ephuzi, ehlukaniswa nomswakama ophuzi ophuzi ophuzi. Ngenhloso yokwelashwa amakhono asetshenziselwa ukulwa nobugebengu obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ekuphekeni, kufanelekile ukuthola i-salting, i-pickling, ukuthosa emva kokupheka.
Oak Wood (Lactarius insulsus)
I-oki enqwaba ingokwezinhlobo ezingavamile futhi kuthiwa yi-flak oak. Ihlanganisa zonke izibonakaliso zokulayisha futhi unombala obomvu noma ophuzi-obomvu. 
Amacwecwe ngaphansi kwekhanda ajwayelekile futhi ajwayelekile. Unyawo luvaliwe-olumhlophe noma olubomvu. I-pulp ye-fungus isinyene, inemibala eluhlaza. Ijusi elimhlophe limhlophe, aliningi, kepha li-acrid, ngokunqunywa alishintshi umbala.
Njengengqimba ye-aspen, lezi zinhlobo zikhula ngaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke kubonakala ukuthi kukhona ukungcola kwi-cap. Ziyizikhumba ezidliwayo ngokomzimba.
Ekuphekeni esetshenziselwa ukukhethwa. Ikhula emahlathini ezinhlobo ezivulekile futhi idala i-mycosis nge-oak, i-hornbeam, i-beech. Ukuvuna kwenzeka kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Ama-creak noma ama-violin (i-Lactarius vellereus)
Igama le-grudge creak elitholwa ngenxa yokuxhumana nezinto zangaphandle, lishicilela i-creak yesici. Ngokuvamile kuthiwa yi-spurge. Lolu hlobo lwe-gulj lingokwesokudla futhi lubhekwa njengesisindo esikhulu kakhulu. Kwabiwa eRussia, eBelarus. Kubonakala sengathi ibhere elimhlophe, kodwa linemfanelo yalo. 
Ukuphakama kwekhanda kufika ku-24 cm, kungase kutholakale ukukhanya okuphuzi. Faka umlenze kuze kufike ku-7 cm ukuphakama kuze kube ngu-5 cm ububanzi. Isici sesici salolu hlobo luyishintsho emthunzini wejusi elimnyama ngemva kokumiswa kusuka ezimhlophe kuya ebomvu. Inyama emhlophe ekuqhekekeni iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-oluphuzi. Amapuleti ngaphansi kwe-cap ayedlula kakhulu kunaleyo ye-pepper melting.
Ufometha i-mycorrhiza nge-aspen ne-birch. Ikhula emahlathini amancane ahlanganisiwe namaqembu amakhulu. Ukuvuna kwenziwa kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba. Ekuphekeni, isetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-salting, noma kunjalo, lolu hlobo lwe-saumon luba lubala okwesibhakabhaka uma seluselwa usawoti. Ngokunambitheka, i-squeak iphansi kunezimhlophe.
Uyazi? Izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo, ezitholakala emanzini, zi: isenzo sezinyathelo zokwelapha ukwelashwa kwe-urolithiasis; isenzo sokulwa nesifo sofuba ekulwa nesifo sofuba; imiphumela ye-immunomodulatory; ukusebenza okusebenzayo (sebenzisa imemori, umsebenzi wengqondo, ukugaya); isenzo esijwayelekile esimweni sokwelashwa kwesimiso sezinzwa, isifo sikashukela.Ngemva kokuqonda izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, wonke umuntu kufanele azikhethele yena: ukuqhubeka namasiko wezinye izizwe futhi ajabulele ukunambitheka kwabo noma abhekisele amakhowe kumakhowe angenakulungiswa, njengoba ehlola eNtshonalanga.
