I-Tsirtomium - Enye yezinhlobo ze-fern ezihle kunazo zonke ezingahlobisa noma yikuphi ngaphakathi kwekhaya noma ehhovisi. Abantu baziwa nangokuthi ama-ferns angcwele, ama-holly noma ama-holly. Lesi sitshalo esingenakuzithoba, esilula futhi esinekhamera sikulungele ukukhula ekhaya. Lesi sitshalo sivela eNingizimu Afrika, e-Oceania nase-Asia eshisayo. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo eziziwayo ze-circomium endlebeni yasekhaya, eyodwa kuphela iyalinywa - i-tomtrium enemihlobiso. Naphezu kwemvelaphi yaso yesimo sezulu, lolu hlobo lwe-fern lubonakala ngokumelana nokubandayo okubandayo, ngakho-ke lubekezelela umoya omile ngokulinganayo ehostlini kanye namaqhwa okulinganisa asezindaweni eziseningizimu evulekile.
Uyazi? ENgilandi ephakathi, i-fern yayibhekwa njengesitshalo evikela othayi. Uma uyayinquma, khona-ke endaweni yokusika iyoba yimidwebo ebonakalayo efana nesiGreki elithi "chi" - incwadi yokuqala egameni likaJesu Kristu.
I-fern yangaphakathi: izinhlobo nezincazelo
I-phanerophleibia ene-sickle, noma i-fern ye-circomium, ummeleli womndeni we-Thyroid, isitshalo esibumbene, esingadluli 50-60 cm. Amafreyimu aqinile, anzima, anesigqoko, anesibhakabhaka. Banobunjwa obunjenge-feather kanye nesimo esiguqukile esikhaleni eziqongweni, ezinemiphetho enamaqabunga emaqabunga, okuyinto i-tsirtrium ebizwa ngokuthi i-agile. Ngaphansi kwekhasi leqabunga kukhona amaqoqo ama-browns, ahlanganiswe nefilimu ebonakalayo.
I-rhizome ye-cirtomium igcwele kakhulu izikali ezimnyama. Isici esiyinhloko se-tsitromium egxile esikhaleni ukukhula kancane kancane ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo: ngonyaka kuphela amaqabunga amasha kuphela angabonakala esitshalweni somdala. Lezi zinhlobo ze-fern nazo zihlukaniswa neqiniso lokuthi libekezelela umoya omile kahle. Lokhu kwenza ukuba igumbi eliphelele lendawo yokugcoba inhlanzi, lizinakekele ekhaya lilula: lingesabi ukushisa noma imidwebo, akudingi ukugcinwa komswakama ophakeme futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa.
Namuhla, cishe izinhlobo ezingu-12 ze-fern ziyaziwa. Ngaphandle kwengubo, edume kakhulu:
- I-tiltomium ene-carytome ifana ne-fern ene-rhizome efushane, eqondile, efana ne-tuft egcwele izikali. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwe-70 cm, i-monomorphic. Ama-fronds anesigqoko, avulekile, i-oblong lanceolate, i-gray-green inemibala nge-filiform esikalini kusukela ngezansi. Izimpaphe zinkulu, zibheke phansi, zi-spiky ezinqenqemeni, zigcwala kahle;
- i-citromium enkulu-ivuliwe. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-70 cm, ama-frond monomorphic ahlelwe emaphethweni ombala ophuzi obomvu. Ipuleti leqabunga lincane, linamaphini, i-oblong, i-lanceolate. Izimpaphe ziboshwe phansi bese zikhomba ekupheleni kwepuleti, inhlanzi yokugcina iyinde. Ama-Sori (ama-spores) ayiluhlaza noma amhlophe-amhlophe, atholakale ezimpaphanini ezisemuva ngaphansi kwama-leaf plate;
- I-Fortchun's Circulium - ingabizwa nangokuthi ummeleli wasekhaya wezinhlobo ze-cirmonium fern. Lezi zinhlobo zine-scaly, izimpande ze-orange ezicishe zingaphansi komhlaba. Amafreyimu ayinkulu, ayenzi-grey, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aphihliwe, anesigqoko, ashicilelwe ngokucacile, akhula ngokuqondile emhlabathini futhi atholakala ku-petiole ende. Ehlangothini labo elingezansi kukhona izingxabano. Ubude bepuleti leqabunga kanye nesitshalo kufinyelela ku-50-60 cm, kanti u-Forchun's fern uqobo ubude buyi-35-60 cm.
Ukukhetha indawo ye-circomium ekamelweni
Mhlawumbe ukhetho olufanele lwendawo ye-tsitromium yiyona kuphela iphuzu elibalulekile lokukhula kwalo okuphumelelayo, ngaphandle kwalokho akukho zimo eziyisisekelo.
Kufanele kube ukukhanya
I-home fern ayibekezeli ilanga eliqondile, ngenxa yokuthi ukukhula kwalo kuyancipha, futhi amaqabunga aphuzi. Okufanelekile ukuba i-circomium idlulise umthunzi okhanyayo noma oyingxenye. Kungcono ukubeka isitsha ngefern eduze kwefasitela ebheke enyakatho. Uma ubeke eceleni, yenza isiqiniseko sokuthunga iwindi ukuze ugweme ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ukushisa okucacile nomswakama wokukhula
Ukushisa kwamakamelo okulinganisela - + 18 ... +20 ° C kufanelekile ukukhula kwe-cirtomium. Ngisho noma kungaphezu kwejwayelekile, ngeke kuthinte ukuhlobisa kwe-fern, iyakwazi ukukhuthazelela isomiso encane. Kodwa-ke, uma ukushisa kuthathwa isikhathi eside, khona-ke isitshalo kufanele sithuthele endaweni epholile isikhathi esithile. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, lapho kusetshenzwa ukushisa, kubalulekile ukuqapha izinga lokushisa, uma liphakama ngaphezu kwe-+22 ° C, i-tsirtomium kufanele ibekwe endaweni egcwele amanzi. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa kwe-fern kufanele libe okungenani + 10 ° C.
Umhlabathi wokutshala i-circomium
Umhlabathi we-fern kufanele ube ukukhanya okulula, okuxekethile nokuhle komoya. Ukuxuba kokuthengisa kuzohambisana noma ungakwazi ukulungiselela i-substrate ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanganisa i-peat, umhlabathi weqabunga nesihlabathi ku-2: 1: 1. Kuhle futhi ukwengeza i-sphagnum namalahle, i-pine bark encane. Isendlalelo esidingekayo sokugeleza kwamatshe amancane (1-2 cm).
Uyazi? I-circomium esetshenziselwa kakhulu amahhovisi okulima, amakamelo, izivande zasebusika, izibhedlela, izindawo zokunakekela izingane.
Izici zokufika nokukhiqiza igumbi le-tsirtrium
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-fern endaweni yendawo ye-circomium kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes nezinhlamvu.
Uhlu lwe-rhizome
Ukuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes uthatha isitshalo somuthi omdala, ohlukaniswe yizingxenye eziningana ezilinganayo ukuze isithombo ngasinye sibe namaphuzu amaningana okukhula. Lesi sigaba senziwa entwasahlobo. Izithombo ezikhulayo zitshalwe enhlabathini elungiselelwe - ingxube yensimu enamagatsha, i-peat, i-sphagnum nesihlabathi.
I-Spores izalisa
Ukhetho lwesibili luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba i-zirthium ye-fern ikhiqiza kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile zokushisa. Ngaphambi kokuphuma, izingxabano kudingeka zifakwe emvilophini yephepha futhi zomiswe. Khona-ke itanki lokutshala libeka ungqimba lwamanzi amancane amancane noma izitini eziphukile kanye ne-peat emanzi. Thela amanzi angama-5 cm ku-peat, uthele izinhlamvu bese umboza ngilazi noma ngeplastiki. Ukuze kuhlume i-spore, kubalulekile ukugcina njalo izinga lokushisa lama-20 ... +22 ° C, futhi ubeke isitsha endaweni evulekile. Ama-spores azohluma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ngokulandela izincomo zokunakekelwa. Izitshalo zokutshala kabusha zidinga uma zikhula zibe ngu-5 cm.
Ukunakekelwa kwekhaya kwe-cirtomium
Ukunakekela i-fern ekhaya kuyigcinwa yezinyathelo ezijwayelekile: ukuchelela, ukudla, ukufakelwa kabusha nokugcina izinga lokushisa okukhulu.
Indlela yokuphuza i-tirpomium
I-cytromium ugula kufanele iphuze njalo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, lapho umhlanzi efuna ukudla okwanele ngangokunokwenzeka. Esikhathini kusukela ngo-Mashi kuya ku-Okthoba, futhi iziqu ezindala zidinga ukuchelela okuningi, futhi uma lesi sitshalo sigcinwa endaweni efudumele ebusika, ngisho nangalesi sikhathi kuyodingeka ukuba amanzi atheleke kaningi. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-tsirtomium endaweni epholile, ukuchelela kunciphile kancane.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuphuza i-fern, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi ebhodweni inomile ngokwanele, njengoba i-tartarium ayibekezelelanga amanzi anesimanje.
Igumbi lokufaka umanyolo
I-fern ayiyona indlela yokudla yokudla okukhethile. Kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesitshalo; ngalesi sikhathi amaminerali noma ama-fertilizer ephilayo asetshenziswa kanye ngenyanga. Ukuze izitshalo ezindala, kwanele ukondla kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezine.
Kubalulekile! Udinga ukwenza kuphela umanyolo wamaminerali, uhlanjululwa kabili, njengoba ukhulu kakhulu ukuhlushwa kanye nokusawotika kwe-substrate kungalimaza uhlelo lwempande.
Ukusika izicucu
Njengoba kulula kakhulu ukunakekela ama-ferns angaphakathi, akudingi izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokwakha isihlahla. Ama-frond akhe amancane afana nemvelo afana nefomu elungile futhi ayenze ngokuzimela i rosette ephawulekayo, ehambelanayo. Amaqabunga amaqabunga amadala, omisiwe newaphuzi kuphela, ukususa okuvusa ukukhula kwamaqabunga amancane, kuncike kokusika njengoba kudingeka.
Ukujikeleza
Ukuze uhlale unamahlombe enhle futhi enempilo endlini, udinga ukutshalwe kabusha njengoba izimpande zikhula. Lokhu kuvame ukuqhutshwa entwasahlobo futhi kufakwe izimpande kuze kube yilapho izimpande zaso zidinga ibhodlela elilingana no-18-20 cm. Ngokushesha nje uma i-rhizome ye-fern ifinyelela usayizi ofanayo, akusekho isidingo sokubuyisela isitshalo. Manje unyaka ngamunye kuzodingeka ukuthi ubeke esikhundleni sezingqimba eziphezulu zenhlabathi, okumele kube yilapho ivulekile futhi ilula, ukuze inganciphisi ukukhula okusheshayo kakade kwe-tsitrium.
Izinambuzane nezifo eziyinhloko ze-circomium
Manje cabanga ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani ingane ekhaya ukuze uyivikele ezinkingeni ezikhona nezinambuzane. Azikho izifo ezibangelwa yizifo ezibangelwa yi-tsirtromium ezitholakale zikhona, kepha zingahlaselwa yizinambuzane ezinambuzane, njengezinambuzane ezincane kanye ne-mealybug. Isihlangu yisinambuzane esinegobolondo le-wax, esiphuza isisindo samaseli esitshalweni. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sitshalo sibaphuzi, amaqabunga awa, kanti umhlanzi angafa. Ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane akulula, ngoba i-scythe ivikelekile emithi eminingi yamakhemikhali. Ama-insecticide kuphela u-Aktellik no-Fitoverm angasiza. 
Enye inkathazo ekhona ye-fern of tsirtomium yi-mealybug. Ngenxa yokubonakala kwe-wax kanye nekhotheni efana nekotini, wayibizwa ngokuthi yizinyosi zezinyosi. Kokubili izimpungushe kanye nabantu abadala bazosondeza ama-fern, okuholela ekumeni ekukhuleni. Ukulwa ne-chertz ukupompa okuvamile kwenziwa - ababekezeli umswakama. Kubuye kusize ukugeza amaqabunga amaqabunga ngamanzi nobisi noma ngamalungiselelo ezincane ezinjenge-"Lepidocide". Uma kwenzeka ukubhujiswa okukhulu, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe kabili. Kubalulekile futhi ukususa ngokushesha izingxenye ezomile ze-fern ukuze ugweme ukusabalala kwama-parasites. Izifo eziningi ze-fern ye-tsirtomium ziboniswa ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungalungile kwazo ezimweni zendlu.
Isibonelo:
- uma lesi sitshalo sikhula futhi imbali ibe yinto elula, futhi amafayili e-saline asezingeni lomhlabathi eduze ne-fern, lokhu kungaba umphumela wokunisela we tsirtrium ngamanzi anzima kakhulu;
- amaqabunga alahlekelwa umbala, abe yi-lethargic ne-translucent, isizathu salokhu kungukukhanya kwelanga eliqondile;
- amaqabunga amaqabunga aphendukile, futhi ekupheleni kwawo abe ophuzi noma obomvu, kusho ukuthi i-circomium ayinayo amandla anele noma ubukhulu bombhosi bukhethwa ngokungafanele ngokuyikhuphula;
- Amapulethi aphuzi anamabala aluhlaza angabangela umshini wokushisa ophezulu kakhulu ekamelweni;
- uma amaqabunga ama-curl amancane, awela ngokushesha lapho ekhunjulwa, kanti u-fern ubheka ngokuvamile ephelile futhi obuthakathaka, kusho ukuthi ukhululeka noma unenkinga yezingqikithi ezibandayo.
