I-apula elimnandi, i-liquid, ekhulile ngokuzimela, ihlale ijabulisa inhliziyo yensimu yezolimo.
Ikakhulukazi kuyabiza lapho isimo sezulu singakhipha isimanga esingathandeki, kodwa ikhono lomuntu ohlakulela insimu yakhe ngothando nokukhetha okulungile kwezinhlobonhlobo uyakwazi ukunqoba konke.
Isimo sezulu esifundeni saseLeningrad siphelile.
Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi baseRussia bakhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula ezinhlobonhlobo zama-frost, ezibonakala ngokuvuthwa ngokushesha kwama-apula, futhi zinezindawo ezinjengokuzivikela ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle futhi ezihlwabusayo zama-apula
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu okuyinto ekhula kahle ezimweni ezinzima zezulu sezwe Leningrad, zibhekwa:
Antey - ezihlukahlukene zasebusika zaseBelarusian. Izihlahla ze-Apple zikhula ubukhulu obuphakathi, umqhele ongavamile nge-pyramidal shape. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Antey zingezokuhlukahluka okusheshayo kwezimpikane, zinikeza izithelo eziqinile futhi eziphakeme, futhi zibekezelela kahle ubusika. Ama-apple ahlaziyekile ayenamajamo amakhulu, amanani abo aphuzi-aluhlaza nombala obomvu obumnyama cishe kuwo wonke ama-apula. Impilo yeshekeli yesithelo yizinyanga ezingu-6. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Apple ezihlukahlukene Aelita Uhlwanyela ekuqaleni kokuwa. Isisindo se-apula ngu-130 amagremu, umbala uphuzi nombala obomvu obomvu. Ama-apula anamanzi, aphunga, adle amnandi futhi anomuncu. Sekuvele kungenzeka ukuqoqa kusukela ngoSeptemba, impilo yeshalofu encane, cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Ngesikhathi sokuqala baqala ukucula izithelo kakade kusukela eminyakeni 4-5 emva kokutshala izithombo. Izici eziyinhloko - Kuyinto yobunzima bebusika, isivuno esikhulu, umkhiqizo kanye nokunambitheka ekuphakameni.
Auksis - lezi zinhlobonhlobo zakhiwe ngabalimi baseLithuania. Ubuningi bomqhele wesihlahla buphakathi, futhi ukuma kuyindilinga. Ama-apula ayingqayizivele usayizi ophakathi ophuzi. Inyama yesithelo iluphuzi, iluhlaza, iyakuthanda okumuncu-okumnandi futhi enomnandi kakhulu. Baqala ukucula ngoSepthemba bese behlala kuze kube nguJanuwari. Ukulimala kuqala ngeminyaka engu-4. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Auxis nge-aple yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-skoroplodny, eziphikisana nesithwathwa nesifo esinjengesiko, siletha isivuno esikhulu.
Izinhlobo zasebusika "Ubuhlobo" Ibonakala ngezithelo ezinkulu eziyindilinga, i-ribbed, i-peel iyinhla eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, inambitha enhle futhi enomuncu. Inyama yama-apula inkulu futhi iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuvuna kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba, kanti izithelo zigcinwa kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Kuyathela, ukuphikisana nesibalo sezulu esibandayo.
Izinhlobo zemithi I-Starlet ikhula ubukhulu obuphakathi, nomqhele omkhulu womuthi. Inyama yama-apula enhle futhi enomuncu, enamanzi. Ukuma kwesithelo kuyinto nxazonke, ziphuzi, hhayi ezinkulu kakhulu. Baqala ukucula ngo-Septhemba, balondoloze ukubonakala kwabo kuze kube ngoMashi. Ukubekezelela kalula ukushisa okunzima, ukuvunwa okuphakathi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Autumn "Okhethiwe" kusithokozisa ngezithelo ezinkulu, isisindo se-apula esisodwa singaba ngu-280 amagremu. Unelinye ilanga elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eline-ribbed, umqhele wezihlahla awunqamuki, uhamba phambili. Ngaphakathi, i-apula imhlophe, ithenda, inomuncu. Qala ukuvuthwa ngokufika kwekwindla, kodwa ube nokuphila okuncane, kuze kube nguNovemba. "Okhethiweyo" unikeza isivuno esihle, ehluke kwezinye izinhlobo ngezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zezohwebo nokumelana nokukhwabanisa, ama-winter aqinile awafanelanga.
I-Varietal "URennet Chernenko" ebonakala ngomuthi okhulayo oqinile, onomqhele omkhulu we-pyramidal. Isisindo se-apula esisodwa singama-gramu angu-125, ikhasi liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-Juicy, i-pulp ekhulu. Ama-apula aqala ukucula ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, nginomphelo omude we-shelf kuze kufike ngo-Ephreli, okokuqala isithelo seminyaka engu-6-7. Ukuvuna kuvuna njalo ngonyaka, "uRennet Chernenko" skoroplodny nobusika-obuqinile.
Ezihlukahlukene zasebusika zase-Estonia Tellisaare uyasithokozisa ngezithelo ezinomzimba ophuzi ophuzi, omuncu, omnandi-ukunambitheka ukunambitha, i-apula yama-apula i-yellow-yellow. Isisindo se-apula eyodwa ama-80 amagremu. Baqala ukucula ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba, banokuphila isikhathi eside kuze kube seMeyi.
Izinhlobonhlobo zaseMelika zibhekwa njengezici ezihlukahlukene zetafula. "Welsey". Isihlahla sinomqhele ojikelezayo. Isisindo se-apula elivuthiwe singaba amagremu angu-110, usayizi ophakathi. Izithelo zibushelelezi, ziluhlaza, ziphunga, zinambitha ezinhle kakhulu. Isihlahla se-apula siqala ukucula ngoSeptemba, futhi izithelo ezikhethiwe zigcinwa kahle kuze kufike isitshalo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinqabile ukukhwehlela kanye neqhwa elincane. Isikhathi sokuqala siqala ukuthela izithelo kusukela ngonyaka wesibili.
Izithelo
Izithelo zama-apula ngokuvamile zikhulu, isisindo se-apula esisodwa singafinyelela cishe ngo-280 amagremu (ezihlukahlukene "ezikhethiwe"). Umbala wesikhumba uhluka kuye kuyehlukahluka, okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluphuzi oluphuzi. Inyama ivame kakhulu, ama-apula ayakha kakhulu, ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda ngezinhlobo zekwindla ye-apula
Isihlahla
Izihlahla ze-Apple zihlukaniswa umqhele obukhulu obuningi be-pyramidal shape, izihlahla ezinamandla, cishe zonke izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukumelana neziqhwa ezinzima nokubandayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zinika isivuno ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala.
Izintandokazi
- Ukuphikisana nesifo esinjengesiko.
-Ukugcina isitoreji sezithelo emva kokuwaphula emthini.
-Ukuthutha okuhle.
- Ngokuvamile zonke izinhlobo zisebusika-ziqinile.
- Izivuno ezizinzile eziphezulu.
-Ama-apula okuvuthwa.
Ukungalungi
-Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ziqala ukusebenza kusukela eminyakeni engu-6 emva kokutshala.
-Isikhala esincane sezithelo zezithelo ezihlukahlukene "Ezikhethiwe."
- Ngokuvamile zonke izinhlobo zama-apula ziqala ukucula ngokufika kwekwindla.
Okukhethekile kokunakekelwa
Ukunakekela ama-apula okhulayo esifundeni saseLeningrad kuhlanganisa ukuhlanza amaqabunga omile, ama-apula alele phansi, izihlahla zomuthi ezimhlophe nokumba umhlabathi, kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane. Ukuvikela izihlahla ze-apula ekushiseni kwelanga nokushintshashintsha okungazelelwe esikhathini sokusukela ekwindla kuya entwasahlobo, zihlanjululwe noma ziboshwe ngamagatsha ase-spruce, amagatsha okusajingijolo noma ama-sunflower. Izihlahla ezincane zimboziwe.
Ukudubula
Abalimi abaningi bakhathazekile ngombuzo, kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyadingeka ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo?
Izinzuzo zamapulangwe:
-Apples zikhula ezinkulu futhi ezinomsoco.
- Izihlahla eziqoshiwe, kulula ukuzinakekela futhi ezilula kakhulu ukuvuna.
-Amagatsha amancane akhula ama-apula amaningi kunamahlamvu angapheli, uma engasuswa ngesikhathi, isivuno siqala ukuwa
Ukusika izihlahla ezincane ze-apula kuhle kakhulu ngonyaka, ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Entwasahlobo, susa amagatsha ayeqhwaqhelile ebusika, futhi, nakanjani, ukwandisa isivuno sama-apula bese wenza umqhele oqondile womuthi.
Ukusika izihlahla Izihlahla zenziwa kangcono ngaphambi kokuvela kwefihlekile, futhi ukuqala kokugeleza kwejusi. Esikhathini sekwindla, amagatsha abolile anqunywe, aphukile nalabo abonakaliswe yizinambuzane. Kufanele iqale ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba nesikhathi ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala.
Unyaka ngamunye, izihlahla ze-apula ezincane ziqeda amahlumela futhi zisuse amagatsha amancane. Ukudubula kwenziwe njalo futhi ngokulinganisela. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma uyinqobe, ingozi yokulimala kwemithi iyanda. Kodwa uma usika amagatsha kaningi futhi ungapheli - umuthi obuthakathaka futhi okhulile uzokhula.
Siyakubonga ukuguqula amagatsha namahlumela Izihlahla ze-Apple zakha umqhele oqondile. Okuthandwa kakhulu futhi kulula ekubunjweni komqhele yifomu elide-elincane, elinamagatsha angu-5-6 nesiqu. Ukuphakama kwalo kungaba ngu-50 cm. Okokuqala, umqhele ukhiwa, kubalulekile ukushiya amagatsha amathathu. Ngonyaka wesibili, faka amanye amagatsha amabili.
Lapho umuthi we-apula uqala ukusijabulisa ngokukhiqiza okuhle kakhulu okuyiminyaka engaba ngu-6-7, abalimi balungisa isiqondiso esiyinhloko (sitholakala ephakeme kusuka endaweni yegatsha le-squelette). Ukudala amandla nokukhuthazela komqhele kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlelwa kwamagatsha okwesibini nokwesithathu.
Isimiso esiyisisekelo lapho usika Amagatsha yilokho okudingekayo ukuba kube inani elifanayo lamagatsha amadala namahlumela amancane, okungukuthi ukugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwabo. Lokhu, futhi, inikeza isiqinisekiso sokuvunwa okuphezulu.
Umquba
Inani lomanyolo esetshenziselwa enhlabathini lithembeke esimweni saso nasekuzaleni. Umquba, ama-humus - Lawa angama-fertilizer ezimele asetshenziswe ekwindla, lapho emba umhlabathi. Entwasahlobo, umquba womanyolo womhlaba emhlabeni. Lokhu kuyindlela enhle yokugcina umswakama wenhlabathi, ukukhula kokhula kanye nokhula kuyancipha, kanti izithako eziwusizo kanye nezondlo, emva kwezinsuku zemvula, zihlanjululwa, ngakho-ke, i-subcortices yamanzi ayifanele.
Ukunisela
Izithombo zika Apple, emva kokutshala kumele ziphuze, ngesilinganiso samabhakede amabili amanzi. Uma ihlobo elomile lingeza elinye ukuchelela, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuba amanzi alinganise. Esifundeni saseLeningrad, ukuchelela emva kokutshala kuyokwanela, ngoba isimo sezulu sinomswakama ophezulu. Emva kokumisela amanzi ngokuphelele emhlabathini, umgodi ozungeza umuthi kufanele uhlanganiswe. Umswakama owedlula kakhulu uthinta ukuvuthwa kwezinkuni.
Ebusika
Ama-frost ebusika ayingozi kuma-apula, kufaka phakathi nomthelela omubi ohlelweni lwempande kanye nengxenye ephansi ye-trunk. Ukuze ugweme ithonya leqhwa, kunconywa ukumboza umgodi ozungeza isihlahla ngempahla yamathambile. I-Peat iphelele ngalokhu, futhi amagundane ayithandi futhi ama-rodents awahlali kulo.
Izihlahla ze-Apple ngaphambi ebusika kudingeka adle amanzi anele. Phela, sekuyisikhathi eside sekuyaziwa ukuthi lezo zihlahla ezinomsoco okwanele ngesikhathi sehlobo zibekezelelwe kahle yiqhwa. Kodwa konke kufanele kube ngokulinganisela, kubalulekile ukucabangela isimo sezulu esifundeni saseLeningrad, futhi sekuvele kumanzi kancane. Abalimi bezitshalo batusa ukutshala lwesinaphi noma i-phacelia ngaphansi kwezihlahla, bathatha umswakama owedlulele ngokwabo.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zivikelekile ukuvikela izimpande ezivela eqhweni, kodwa lokhu akude neze. Okokuqala, izihlahla ze-apula kumele zivikeleke ukuze zivikele ezigundeni, onogwaja nezinye izinduku ezidla amagxolo amancane ezihlahla. Futhi izihlahla ze-apula eziqoshiwe kunomthelela ekuvikelweni kwemimoya ebanda efrijini, eyomisa amagxolo, futhi kusukela ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kungabangela ukushisa kwamagxolo.
Kungaphetha ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala yama-apula ebusika ingenye yemisebenzi esemqoka okudingeka yenziwe njalo ukuwa, ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu. Lungiselela insimu yezithelo ze-apula ukuze kuqala ukushisa ebusika kufanele kusengaphambili.
Izici zokufika
Inhlabathi esifundeni saseLeningrad ihlupheka kakhulu ezakhiweni. I-Loam iyaqhubeka kule ndawo, umhlabathi ovundile wenhlabathi ulingana no-15-20 amentimitha, futhi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kunezinhlabathi ezinezinhlanga, noma ama-peatlands. Lezi zinsuku zingcono kunezihlabathi, ngoba inhlabathi emahlathini ayigugu, futhi ungqimba lwayo lujulile.
Ngaphambi kokufika Umhlaba we-Apple Garden ususwe ukhula olumi njalo. Kanye nokumba umhlaba, izitshalo zomanyolo ziyasetshenziswa, kangcono, Yebo, imanyolo ephilayo, lokhu kungumquba, oqukethe udaba oluphilayo, noma umquba obolile. Futhi, umquba wamaminerali wanezelwa ukuze kucebise inhlabathi ngezakhi zomzimba futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yayo. Lawa angama-superphosphates, i-nitrogen nama-fertilizer umquba.
Awukwazi ukunciphisa izimpande zezithombo ngaphambi kokutshala, ngoba zikwazi ukunikeza izihlahla izakhi ezibalulekile kakhulu. Izimpande eziphukile neziqhwayo zizosuswa.
Izithombo, ezomile yisimungulu, zimanzi emanzini izinsuku ezimbili, amagxolo aphikisiwe aphihliwe, khona-ke aphethwe ngobumba oluthile.
Njengoba inhlabathi engxenyeni yeLeningrad igobile, okungukuthi iyimpofu, umgodi wokutshala uqhubekele ku-60 cm no-80 cm usayizi, ukuze unikeze ukudla okunomsoco ohlelweni lwempande. Izendlalelo zomgodi, engenhla nangaphezulu, zifaka izinkomba ezahlukene, bese zifika emgodini wokufika, ukulala kokuqala ungqimba olungezansi, bese phezulu. Ingaphansi yomgodi ihlanganiswe ne-humus noma i-peat, i-wood ash kanye ne-superphosphates. Isikhonkwane sokhuni siqhutshelwa phakathi kwegodini.
Umuthi we-apula uncishiselwa ekujuleni okufunayo, siqondisa izimpande ngobumnene, bese silala nenhlabathi exutshwe nama-humus. Ukugcwaliswa okunamandla komgodi umhlaba ogcweleyo ugxiliwe. Izihlahla ezitshaliwe ziboshwe emgodleni, futhi zanisela, cishe amabhakede amane amanzi ngesihlahla ngasinye. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuguqula umhlabathi ngomquba, peat, utshani ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkomba yempande.
Izinsuku zokufika
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula ezikhula esifundeni saseLeningrad zingcono kakhulu ezitshalwe ngesikhathi se-dormancy ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kwama-frosts amakhulu, noma entwasahlobo, futhi kudingeka ube yisikhathi ngaphambi kwephutha lokuphuza. Kodwa namanje isikhathi esifanele cabanga ngoNovemba-Disemba.
Sikhuluma kule ngqungquthela mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla ze-apula, ngokuthandwa okuhlukene kanye nemigomo yokuvuthwa. Uma ubona ukuhlukahluka okunjalo, noma ubani angakhetha okuhambisana nezifiso nezidingo zabo. Ngokungangabazeki, zonke izivande zinezivande zaso zasehlobo, zitholakale zikhukhumezekile futhi zibizwa nge-calluses. Futhi sithemba ukuthi isihloko sethu sizobe sincane, kodwa sibe nomnikelo kulolu phiko lolwazi nolwazi. Inhlanhla kuwe abangane garden!
