Ukuqothula amahlumela enokhula, ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo somhlabathi, ukulima ama-organic and mineral fertilizers kuwo, ungasebenzisa indlela evamile yokusebenza kwensimu ekwindla - ukulima ekwindla.
Le ndlela ingayithuthukisa kakhulu isivuno sokusanhlamvu kwezitshalo kanye nokwehliswa komsebenzi wenkimbinkimbi edingekayo entwasahlobo.
Kungani ukulima kuthiwa ngekwindla
Lolu hlobo lokucubungula (ukulima, ukumba) lwenziwa ngesikhathi sasehlobo-ekwindla, silungiselela umhlabathi wokutshala intwasahlobo. Ukulima kwebusika kunegama layo ngenxa yokuthi kwenziwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla, lapho umhlaba usuvele usuqala ukukhuphuka ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa okuphansi.
Kubalulekile! Ukusetshenziselwa ubusika kusetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela izitshalo zasehlobo, hhayi izitshalo zasebusika
Yenza umsebenzi onjani
Le nkimbinkimbi yezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical yenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile:
- kunomthelela ekubhujisweni kokhula, izifo nezinambuzane;
- kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhukhula kwamanzi nomoya;
- ukhonza ukufaka umanyolo emhlabathini;
- kudala izimo zokunciphisa ama-horizons osawoti;
- kunomthelela ekwandeni nasekugcineni umswakama kanye nezakhi zomhlaba emhlabeni;
- kudala izimo zokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi we-microbiological;
- ithuthukisa isakhiwo somhlabathi, unike uhlaka oluphathekayo isimo se-finely lumpy;
- ivala izinsalela zokusala.
Funda ukuthi ukulima kuyadingeka nokuthi ungalima kanjani inhlabathi ngogandaganda ongemuva.
Le ndlela isebenza kuphi?
Ukusebenza kwalendlela kudlulisela ukwabiwa kwayo okuphawulekayo. Ukulima kwebusika kusetshenziswa kakhulu njengenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokulima umhlaba kwezolimo.
Uyazi? Amageja okuqala avela ku-III yeminyaka eyi-BC. Sekuyisikhathi eside zenziwe ngokhuni, kwaze kwaba seRoma lasendulo zakha umlimi amasondo kanye metal ploughshare.Ungasebenzisi le ndlela kuphela ezindaweni ezithile:
- ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi kanye nesimiso esincane (izinga lokushisa ebusika liwela ngaphansi kwe -40 ° C);
- enhlabathini enesisindo esenhlabathi ezindaweni ezinomswakama kakhulu.
Sincoma ukuthi sithole ukuthi yikuphi ukutshalwa nokulimaza kwenhlabathi ukuthi kuhlakulele kanjani futhi ukuhlakulela kahle kanjani umhlaba.
Usebenzisa nini le ndlela?
- Ukulima kwebusika kusetshenziselwa ezindaweni ezimelele ukuqoqa umswakama emhlabathini.
- Ezindaweni ezanele ezimanzi, ukwelashwa ngaphansi kokulima kunomthelela ohlukile - kuvamile ukuba umswakama uphinde uthuthukise umbuso nomoya womhlabathi.
- Le ndlela yokwelashwa iphumelela uma kwenzeka ukungcola okukhulu kwezinsimu kanye nokusabalala okukhulu kwezifo nezinambuzane zezitshalo zezolimo.
- Ukutshala kwebusika kusetshenziswa uma kunesidingo sokunciphisa ukuhlukunyezwa komsebenzi wensimu yasentwasahlobo, ukuhlinzeka ngemithi ephezulu yokuhlwanyela phambili nokuhlela ukuhlwanyela kwezitshalo ngamazwi agronomic.
Kubalulekile! Imvamisa yokulima ekwindla incike esimweni somhlabathi kanye nasesikhathini esingaphambili. Emhlabathini we-podzolic, soddy and loamy, lokhu kwenziwa minyaka yonke. I-Sandy, i-chestnut nenhlabathi ye-chernozems idinga i-autumn ukulima njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
Zijwayele ngezinhlobo zenhlabathi nezindlela zokulondoloza ukuzala kwazo.
Izindlela zokwelapha zasendle
Ngaphezu kokulima ngalunye, ezinye izindlela zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa umhlaba wokuhlwanyela.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokushintsha kwenhlabathi
- Ukukhubeka - ukuqubuka kwenhlabathi kuqhuma.
- Ukumbozwa komhlaba - izendlalelo ezingenhla nezingezansi zihanjiswa ezindaweni, endleleni, izinhlawulo zokuvuna kanye nomanyolo zigcwatshwe emhlabathini.
- Ukukhululeka - inani lama-pores liyakhula, ukunyuka komoya kwezwe kuyanda, ukukhuphuka kweqhwa emhlabathini kanye nenqubo yezimpande zokhula zibhujiswa.
- Ukuncintisana - izinhlayiya zenhlabathi zicindezelwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukuvutha.
- Ekhuthazayo - ukulayishwa okuluhlaza kulo lonke ukujula kuyafana.
- Ukulima - ukugawula inhlabathi nokubhujiswa kwamokhula.
- Ukuxosha - inhlabathi iyanqamuka futhi ikhululeke, iphenduke kancane futhi ixube.
- Ukudlwengula - i-harrow crushes ichoboza izendlalelo zenhlabathi futhi ihlaziya ingxenye yayo engaphezulu.
- I-Rolling - i-rollers iqhafaza ungqimba ophezulu wenhlabathi, yenza kube lula, i-clumps echotshoziwe.
Uyazi? Ngokuba ukubonakala kwesentimitha esisodwa senhlabathi evundile kuthatha cishe iminyaka eyi-1000.
Yiziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswayo
Izindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-zyabi:
- Ukukhishwa kwe-Chisel - le ndlela ihilela ukukhululwa komhlaba ngaphandle kokuguqula nokubunjwa kuwo kweziteshi zamanzi.
- Indlela engenamkhawulo - izinsalela zezitshalo zihlala phansi; izendlalelo zenhlabathi zikhululiwe, kodwa zihlale endaweni.
- Indlela yokulahla - kukhona ukuxuba ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhulula nokuguqula umhlabathi omnyama ngokuzenzekelayo.
- Ukulima - izinsalela zezitshalo zingcwatshwe emhlabathini, izingxenye zazo ezichotshoziwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo imanyolo isetshenziswa.
- Ukusebenza okuyinhloko - kuthinta kakhulu isakhiwo somhlabathi: kuthuthukisa amanzi nokushintshanisa umoya, kusiza ukuvimbela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Ukucubungula okuyinhloko kungenziwa kuphela ekwindla, kodwa futhi entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Funda indlela yokumba umhlabathi engadini.
Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical kwakubaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo zeSoviet Union. Namuhla, ukucubungula ekutshaleni nakho akulahlekelwa ukuhambisana kwayo futhi kusetshenziselwa kabanzi ngezindlela zanamuhla zokuthuthukisa izinkomba zekhwalithi yomhlabathi nokwandisa isivuno sezitshalo.
