I-Juniper - isitshalo esihle esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuklama komhlaba. Kodwa ukuze ukhethe uhlobo olufanele lwayo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi imiphi imjunipha yeqembu. Ungummeleli okhanyayo womndeni omdala kakhulu we-cypress, ama-conifers avamile, angeke abangele noma yiziphi izinkinga ekukhuleni ngisho nasensimu ye-novice. Umsunguli wabonakala emhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 edlule, ngenxa yokuthi abantu baye bakujabulela kangakanani ubuhle balesi sitshalo, besebenzisa ukuhlobisa izivande iminyaka engaphezu kweyodwa.
Uyazi? I-Juniper isetshenziselwa ukunambitheka kwejusi, iziphuzo zezithelo kanye nama-compotes. Izithelo zalo zinikeza inyama ukudla okungajwayelekile okuthakazelisayo nephunga elimnandi. Ama-Marinades, alungiswa esebenzisa umjunipha, acacisa kakhulu futhi akhumbuli, futhi uma ehlanganisiwe ku-pickle, amajikijolo omjunipha akhiqiza kakhulu ukunambitheka kwawo nephalethi enomusa.
I-Juniper ikhula ngesimo semithi, njengamakholomu, ukusabalalisa izihlahla noma amahlumela ashisayo, i-carpet encane efaka phansi. Amagatsha omjunipha ongobuhle ahlotshiswe ngezinaliti noma ama-flakes ezinaliti. Cishe bonke abameleli bomjunipha bangama-dioecious: Izitshalo zesilisa ziyi-pollinator, kanti izitshalo zezinsikazi zikhiqiza isivuno esivulekile sama-cones, esivela kuso ukuphuza okumnandi, okunomuthi okwenziwe ngemithi. Namuhla emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-70 zomjunipha, ngakho-ke ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zomjunipha ezivamile esikhathini sethu.
Juniperus (Juniperus communis)
Umjunipha ovamile uyisihlahla esincane esivamile sohlobo lwe-coniferous noma i-shrub, kusuka kumamitha angu-5 ukuya kwangu-10 phezulu. Ezimweni ezihle kakhulu, lesi sitshalo singafinyelela ngamamitha ayi-12, sinomthamo we-trunk wamamitha angu-0.2. Umqhele omuthi wemithi ungase ube nesigqoko se-cone, futhi ehlathini umumo ovoid.
Lesi sitshalo sinamahlumela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namahlumela abomvu. Amagatsha wesitshalo ahlanganiswe nezinaliti ezinamaphiko ezinesisindo, atholakala ekugcineni (ububanzi bawo buhluka kusuka ku-0.1 kuya ku-0.2 wamamitha, ubude bufinyelela ku-1.5 cm). Ehlangothini elingenhla lezinaliti kukhona umugqa we-stomatal.
Zonke izinaliti zimbozwa ngokuqhakaza kwe-wax emhlophe, okuphikelela emagatsheni kuze kube yiminyaka emine. I-Juniper sezihlahla ziqhakaza ngoMeyi, ngezimbali zesifazane ezinezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesilisa ezinombala ophuzi. Ama-cones ahlangene futhi angaba ububanzi ukusuka ku-0.6 kuya ku-0.9 amasentimitha. Umjunipha walezi zilwane ukhula kancane kancane. Ukukhula kwawo kwonyaka akudluli ukuphakama kuka-15 cm, nobubanzi obungaphezulu kuka-5 cm ngonyaka. Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokuphila kwesinye isihlahla sifinyelela eminyakeni engu-200.
Uyazi? Amanye amagama avamile umjunipha yi-veres noma i-mozhevel. E-Ukraine, lesi sitshalo saziwa ngokuthi "sihle kunazo zonke", futhi ngesiLatini igama layo "nguJuniperus communis".
Umjunipha ovamile ungatholakala eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, eSiberia naseNyakatho Afrika. Ngokwemvelo, umjunipha ukhula emgodleni we-spruce kanye namahlathi e-pine futhi ubeka amahlathi angenakunqunywa ezindaweni zokusika. Ukhetha inhlabathi enomswakama, enomswakama owunamanzi wehlabathi, kepha ungakhula kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemhlabathi.
I-Juniper Virginia (Juniperus virginiana)
I-Juniper virginsky iyisihlahla esivamile, esingavamile kakhulu se-dioecious. Lona umjunipha omude, okwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezinhle ukufinyelela amamitha angu-30 ukuphakama. Izihlahla ezincane zinekhanda elincane kakhulu, futhi likhula ligcwele amagatsha amaningi. I-trunk ububanzi bezitshalo ezindala zingafinyelela ngamasentimitha angu-150 futhi ihlanganiswe nekhanda elibomvu, elibomvu noma elibomvu elimnyama eliphakathi kwesikhumba eside.
Amahlumela amancane amancane ane-bark eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi anesimo esingaziwa se-tetrahedral. Amagatsha esitshalo ahlanganiswe nezinaliti ezihlaza-oluhlaza, okuqala lapho iqhwa lithola khona. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ama-cones amaningi amnyama ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka afaka emithini, ene-bluish kancane eqhakaza ibe yi-0.6 cm ububanzi. Izithelo zilungele ukuvunwa ngo-Okthoba, kodwa zingase zihlale emithini isikhathi eside, okuthuthukisa kakhulu izici zabo zokunambitheka.
Lesi sitshalo sathola isimo samasiko ngo-1664. Umjunipha waseVirginia uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuklama komhlaba, njengenye yezinhlobo eziphikisana kakhulu nezimo ezimbi. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, lolu hlobo luvame ukusetshenziswa njenge-analogue yezihlahla ze-cypress.
Uyazi? I-Juniper iphelele i-aromatherapy, njengoba iphunga layo linomphumela wokuqinisa ohlelweni lwezinzwa, futhi ukuhamba isikhathi eside ngokusebenzisa imifula yomjunipha kusiza ukuqeda ukulala, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile kanye nezinsizwa.
Emvelweni, umjunipha oyintombi ungatholakala eNyakatho Melika, kusukela eCanada kuya eFlorida. Ikhula ezintabeni, emadwaleni, ogwini lolwandle nemifula, kaningi kakhulu - emanzini.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomjunipha waseVirginia:
- Izinhlobonhlobo zeJuniper "Glauka" noma "Glauca" zakhiwe ngo-1855. Lesi sitshalo sinendlela ye-kolonovidny futhi ihlukile emazingeni amancane okuthuthukiswa. Ngokwesilinganiso, ingafinyelela kumamitha angu-5 ukuya kwangu-10 ukuphakama futhi inamagatsha angama-vertical. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuthi uveza umqhele okhululekile, ohamba kancane njengoba umuthi ukhula. Amagatsha amasiko ahlanganiswe ikakhulukazi ngezinaliti ze-scaly. Izinaliti ze-acicular zingatholakala kuphela ekujuleni komqhele.
- Izinhlobonhlobo "Globosa" yimijunipha emfushane etholakala ngo-1891. Lokhu kuyinhlobonhlobo encane, ekhula kancane, ene-flat crowned round, efinyelela kumamitha ayi-1 ngobubanzi. Lesi sitshalo sinamagatsha amancane, anamahlumela amahlumela futhi anyukela kancane, amahlumela amancane, aphikisayo futhi ashubile agcwele izinaliti ezihlaza ezikhanyayo.
- "I-Blue Cloud" yamukelwa ngo-1955. I-shrub enkulu enesihenqo esingenalutho, esingenamkhawulo womqhele, enamagatsha asakaza isikhathi eside agcwele izinaliti ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhlobo zeJuniper "Blue Cloud" kaningi zingabonakala engxenyeni engadini ezindaweni ezingabonakali izimo zezulu ezikhululekile.
I-Juniper enezingqimba (Juniperus horizontalis)
I-juniper enezingqimba iyisihlobo esiseduze somjunipha we-Cossack. Ngaphandle, lesi sitshalo sikhukhula esinyakatho, sifike emamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama futhi sihlanganiswe namagatsha amade, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona amahlumela ama-tetrahedral ama-bluish-green, ama-pubescent anezinaliti ezincane eziluhlaza noma eziluhlaza (lapho kuqala isimo sezulu ebanda kunombala obomvu). Amagatsha okuzala anamaqabunga e-elongate-lanceolate afana nesinaliti, avela ku-3 kuya ku-5 amasentimitha ubude futhi angaba ngu-1 cm ububanzi obukhulu, okwenziwe nge-saber, egobile ngemuva.
Amagatsha amadala afakwe amaqabunga ama-bluish-black scaly, aneqhwabluish. Zinezinhlanzi ezincane ze-resin, ezifinyelela ku-2.2 cm ubude futhi kufika ku-1.5 ububanzi ububanzi. Naphezu kokubukeka kokuqala, izihlahla zomjunipha zalezi zinhlobonhlobo azivami kakhulu ekuqoqweni kwabalimi be-amateur. Lezi zinhlobo zazibalwa phakathi kwamasiko ngo-1840.
I-juniper enezingqimba zithathwa njengesisekelo sokudalwa kwezinhlobo eziningi:
- Izinhlobonhlobo "Agnieszka" - i-shrub ephansi, eyakhiwa eduze futhi iphakamisa ngokungapheli amagatsha amakhulu ama-squelette. Izinaliti ezihlahleni zalesi juniper zingaba izinhlobo ezimbili, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo njalo i-acicular, i-bulging ne-thick, i-bluish-green, futhi emva kweqhwa kuqala umbala we-lilac.
- Izihlahla ze-Andorra Variegata ezihlukahlukene, ezinyathelweni zazo zakuqala, zinomqhele obanzi obuningi, okuthi, njengoba lesi sitshalo sikhula, siba nesibindi. Amagatsha awo agcwele izinaliti ezinama-acicular, ezixubile, eziningi eziluhlaza, okuyinto kwezinye izindawo zingase zibe nombala wekhrimu.
- Izinhlobonhlobo "Bar Harbour" zavulwa ngo-1930 e-United States. Lezi zitshalo zinomswakama omuncu futhi zakhiwa ngamagatsha amanga amanga asakazeka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Amahlumela eseceleni enyukela. Amaqabunga amancane, acindezelwe isigamu, ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emva kwamaqhwa abe umbala obomvu.
I-Juniper Chinese (Juniperus chinensis)
Umjunipha waseShayina ungumuthi we-dioecious noma we-monoecious, ufinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-8 kuya kwangu-25 futhi ube nomqhele we-pyramidal. Ngokuvamile kakhulu, izitshalo zalezi zinhlobo zinyakalala kabanzi, zicindezeleke phansi. I-trunk yemithi ihlanganiswe negxolo elibomvu, elikhazimulayo. Amahlumela amancane anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nesimo se-tetrahedral esingajwayelekile. Amagatsha wesitshalo ahlanganiswe kakhulu nge-scale-like, pairwise-amahlamvu ahlukene, amamitha ayizi-3 ubude futhi angaphezu kwe-1 millimeter ububanzi.
Amaqabunga anesimo se-oblong-ovate, asho ekupheleni futhi angene ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke avele enzima futhi ecindezelwe ngokuqinile emahlumela. Ukusuka ngaphakathi banezintambo ze-stomatal, nasemasontweni angemuva - elliptical. Lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza izigaxa ezincane, ezincane ezithintekayo zobumnyama obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma umbala omnyama, zifinyelela emamithamitha angu-4 kuya kwangu-10 ububanzi.
I-Cossack juniper (Juniperus sabina)
Umjunipha we-Cossack - ongenakuzithoba futhi omele umndeni wakhe. Ngakho-ke, uma uzohlwanyela lezi zinhlobo esiqhingini sakho, cishe uzobe nesithakazelo sokuthola ukuthi i-juniper ikhula kanjani ngokushesha. Cabanga nje: isihlahla se-Cossack juniper, esineminyaka engaba ngu-10 ubudala, singafinyelela ngamamitha angu-0.3 ukuphakama, okwenza kube enye yezitshalo ezikhula kancane kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa kumklamo wezwe.
Lolu hlobo lomjunipha olunamanzi alunamathele ngokuphelele, lubekezelela kalula ukushisa okukhulayo nokukhulayo, ukungabi namanzi okuphuza okunampofu futhi kungamelana nemimoya enamandla kakhulu. Ukukhathazeka kwayo okuyinhloko ukuthi kungokwezitshalo ezinobuthi.
Umjunipha we-Cossack unezimpande ezinkulu ezikwazi ukungena emhlabathini, ngakho-ke ngisho nangomnyaka owomile kakhulu amahlathi ayo angakwenza ngaphandle kokuchelela nhlobo. Amagatsha esitshalo ahlanganiswe nensada encane-inaliti emagqabeni ambala-aluhlaza. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, zimbozwe ngezingqimba (kuze kube ngu-7 cm ububanzi) izithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezineqhwabluish.
Kubalulekile! Ngisho nalapho unakekela umjunipha we-Cossack, umuntu kufanele aqaphele kakhulu, ngoba amaqabunga, izithelo namagatsha alo aqukethe ubuthi obunamandla obungalimaza kakhulu impilo yabantu.
Izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zomjunipha we-Cossack:
- Izinhlobonhlobo "Broadmoor" zikhula ngokushesha ngobubanzi, ezingekho ngamamentimitha angama-60 ezifinyelela ukuphakama kwesitshalo sayo. Njengoba izitshalo zikhula, zakha ikhabethe elinyene, eli-emerald elinezici ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa.
- Izimila ezihlukahlukene ze-"Femina" zisakazeka phansi, futhi amahlumela abo ekupheleni aphakama phezulu, okwenza kube nombono wenani elikhulu lemijunipha emincane. Ububanzi bezinhlobo ezihlahleni zingafinyelela kumamitha angu-6, kanti ngisho nasezimo ezihle kakhulu, ukuphakama kwabo akudluli ngamamitha amabili.
- "I-Cupressifolia" yizinhlobonhlobo ezincane, ezingafinyeleli ngaphezu kwengxenye yemitha ukuphakama, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, isitshalo, eneminyaka engaba ngu-10 ubudala, ingafinyelela kumamitha angu-5. Ngaphandle, izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zibukeka zihlaziye futhi zinezici eziphakeme zokuhlobisa, ezenza zaba izintandokazi zangempela zama-landscape abaklami.
IJuniper Coastal (Juniperus conferta)
Umjunipha ongasogwini yi-shrub enesitshalo ekhulayo esinezimbali ezinomnandi omnandi wephayini. Lesi sitshalo sinezinhlanzi ezinwabuzelayo ezikwazi ukugubha umhlabathi nge-carpet enesisindo. Lapho uneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ubudala, izitshalo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamentimitha angama-20 nje kuphela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ubukhulu bomqhele wabo bufinyelela kumitha eyodwa. Amagatsha asehlathini agcwele izinaliti eziluhlaza ezibomvu, ezihlotshiswe umgqomo omhlophe ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlangothini olungenhla, olunikeza ubuciko obuhlaza. Ekwindla, amagatsha omjunipha asogwini ahlanganiswe nama-blue cones amnyama nge-bluish bloom.
Kubalulekile! Uma utshala umjunipha, qaphela lapho ukhetha isayithi lokufika. Iqiniso liwukuthi lesi sitshalo siyisifo sezinhlobo eziningi zezokwelapha futhi ukusondelana kwezithelo izitshalo kungabangela ukutheleleka kwabo ngezifo eziyingozi.
Lesi sitshalo sithanda izindawo zelanga, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sikhula kahle emthunzini obala. Ngenxa yobukhulu be-compact, ku-design landscape isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa i-rock gardens nezindayimane ezinamadwala.
IJuniper rocky (Juniperus scopulorum)
Umjunipha we-Rock uyisibhakabhaka se-dioecious noma umuthi kusuka kumamitha angu-10 ukuya kwangu-13 phezulu. Isitshalo senkcubeko sinomshini ohlangene kakhulu kunezibonelo ezikhulayo kwimvelo yazo yemvelo. Amahlumela amancane awusobala ngokuma kwe-tetrahedral futhi angafinyelela ku-1.5 millimeters ububanzi futhi angaphezu kwamamitha amabili ubude ubude.
Isihlahla sinombala omnyama ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ompunga, ohlangene ne-ovate-rhombic ifomu, 1-2 mm ubude nokufika ku-1 mm ububanzi. Emagqumeni futhi wathola amaqabunga afana nesinaliti kuze kube ngamamitha angu-12 ubude futhi afike kumamitha amabili ububanzi. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa emahlathini amahle amajikijolo amnyama okwesibhakabhaka ahlanganiswa, ahlanganiswe nokuqhakaza okuncane okubhema.
Kubalulekile! Khumbula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamajikijolo namalungiselelo okwenziwe ngomjunipha, kungabangela ubuthi, ukuphazanyiswa kwesimiso senhliziyo, kanye nokufaka isandla ekwenzeni ukubhekana nezifo ezinzima.
I-juniper rocky ingabizwa ngokuthi isilwane sama-designers landscape. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukulima izingadi, amapaki, izakhiwo zegadi kanye nensizakalo yezokwelapha nezokungcebeleka. Izinhlobonhlobo zibukeka zihle kakhulu ezinhlobeni ze-rocks, rock gardens kanye ne-heather gardens. Okuthandwa kakhulu yizinhlobo nge-pyramidal ne-kolonovidnoy umqhele.
I-Juniper Medium (i-Juniperus media)
I-Juniper isilinganiso isitshalo, sifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama futhi sinomqhele okhululekile owehlayo kufika kumamitha angu-5 ububanzi. Umqhele womuthi ukhiwa ngamagatsha ase-arcuate akhuphuka aphelile kancane. Izinaliti ziyakujabulela umbala wazo ocebile we-emerald futhi zihlotswe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ngesigqoko esimhlophe se-stomatal. Ezingxenyeni ezindala zamagatsha futhi ngaphakathi komqhele kungatholakala amaqabunga afana nenaliti. Emaphethelweni amahlumela abasha ama-scaly izinaliti zikhona.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zemijunipha ziphakathi:
- "I-Blue and Gold" yahlushwa abalimi baseDashi ngo-1984. Le shrub encane enomqhele ogqamile futhi ongekho emthethweni. Isitshalo ekuphakameni singafinyelela ku-1.5 metres. I-shrub isakhiwe enezingqimba, ikhuphuka ngokungapheli, ngokuphela kwemigqa yegatsha. Esikhathini esitshalweni ungathola izinhlobo ezimbili zezingaliti: ibluji-grey noma umbala wekhilimu. Izinhlobonhlobo azibekezeli ama-frosts aqinile, ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukutshala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
- "IGold Coast" yamukelwa e-USA ngo-1965. Izihlahla zinefomu ehlanganisiwe, enezinyosi futhi zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1 ubude nokufika kumamitha amathathu ububanzi. Izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo zakha amagatsha ngamagqabha ahamba phambili ahamba phambili, ahlanganiswe nezinaliti eziningi ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- "Hetzii" - lezi zinhlobonhlobo nazo zavuswa e-United States ngo-1920. I-shrub ingafinyelela kumamitha angu-4 ukuphakama futhi ibonakala ngamazinga amancane okuthuthukiswa. Iqukethe umqhele ovutha noma owakhiwe ngokukhipha indebe, ofinyelela kumamitha angu-6 ububanzi. Isici esiyinhloko sezinhlobonhlobo ukuthi amagatsha awo awaxhomeke ekugcineni. Amahlumela ahlanganiswe nezinaliti ezinamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amahlamvu acicular atholakala kuphela phakathi kwehlathi.
I-Juniper scaly (Juniperus squamata)
I-Juniper scaly - isitshalo esivamile, esinesibindi shrub kuze kube ngamamitha amabili nesigamu ukuphakama. Lesi sitshalo sinomhlathi omnyama omnyama futhi i-lanceolate, inzima, izinaliti eziluhlaza ezibomvu ezibomvu ezinamamitha angu-0.5 kuya kwangu-0.8 ubude. I-Shyshkoagody inombala omnyama. Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukupaka amapaki kanye nezikwele, kodwa futhi kungaba umhlobiso oyinhloko we-alpine slide. Ukuntuleka kokuhlukahluka ukuthi izinaliti ezomile emahlumela alo aziwa iminyaka eminingana, futhi lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu izici zokuhlobisa zezihlahla ezindala.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zithandwa kakhulu nge-juniper flake:
- Izinhlobonhlobo ze "Blue Star" ziye zahlaba umxhwele abalimi ngosayizi we-compact kanye nomqhele omkhulu womzimba, othuthukisa kakhulu izici zayo zokuhlobisa. Izihlahla zalo azifinyeleli imitha eyodwa ukuphakama. Izinhlobonhlobo zifuna ukukhanya, kodwa zikhula kancane, ukukhula kwayo kwonyaka akudluli ngamasentimitha angu-10. Ingasetshenziselwa ukutshala okukodwa noma kweqembu.
- "Вlue carpet" куст имеет плоскую форму и отличается интенсивными темпами развития, что позволяет ему к 10 годам при росте 30 сантиметров, обрастать кроной от 1,2 до 1,5 метров в ширину. Ветви куста покрыты серо-голубыми, до 9 миллиметров в длину и не более 2 миллиметров в ширину иголками, имеющими острый край. Сорт был создан в 1972 году в Голландии, а уже в 1976 году он был награжден золотой медалью за высокие декоративные качества.
- "Meueri" ingenye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu nezithandekayo zabalimi, ezinezici eziphezulu zokuhlobisa futhi azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Isitshalo esidala singafinyelela kumamitha amabili kuya ku-5 ukuphakama. Ngokuqondile, amahlumela amancane afaka ama-bluish-white white inaliti emagatsheni.
Ukukhula cishe kunoma imuphi umjunipha ngeke kukuvumele ukuthi uthuthukise ngokuphawulekayo izici zokuhlobisa i-dacha, kodwa futhi ukuthola imithi enamandla kakhulu engasiza ekuqedeni isibalo esikhulu sezifo.
