Utamatisi ungenye yemifino ethandwa kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwabo, mhlawumbe, abakwazi ukwenza nganoma yisiphi isakhiwo segadi. Imifino iyinambitha kakhulu, inkulu yokuvuna ebusika futhi inezinto eziningi eziwusizo. Ngokuvamile, izithombo ezithengiwe zingase zibe buthakathaka noma azihambisani nezinhlobonhlobo ongathanda ukuzithenga. Kodwa izithombo zika utamatisi zingakhula futhi ziningi. Lesi sihloko sichaza imithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala utamatisi ngezithombo ezikhulayo ezivela kumbewu.
Indlela yokulungisa imbewu ka utamatisi ngaphambi kokutshala
Utamatisi atshalwe ezitshalweni ezivulekile zomhlaba futhi akhulise ekhaya angenziwa nanoma ubani. Lokhu kuzothatha isikhathi nokuzikhandla, kodwa uzoqiniseka ukuthi uzothola ekugcineni. Iningi labantu ngokukhulela izithombo ziqoqa imbewu eziviniwe ezivuthiwe abazithandayo, zomise futhi zizincishe izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Yileyo yonke inqubo.
Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukukhulisa izithombo ezinhle ezinamandla eziphikisana nezifo futhi unikeza isivuno esicebile, imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele ilungiswe. Le nqubo ihamba ngezigaba eziningana:
- ukuma;
- ukukhetha imbewu;
- i-disinfection;
- ukuhamba;
- ukuhluma;
- ukuqina.
Imbewu idinga ukukhethwa ezifweni eziqinile nezinambuzane zezithelo ezivuthiwe. Kumele kube omisiwe izinsuku ezimbalwa egumbini elihle futhi elikhanyayo (gwema ukukhanya kwelanga). Ukuze ukhethe izinto ezinhle zokutshala, imbewu kumele ibhapathizwe imizuzu embalwa ku-saline. Ukuze ulungiselele, isipuni setiyiyali usawoti emgodini wamanzi futhi senze imizuzu engu-10. Khona-ke imbewu ibhapathizwa emanzini: labo abakhuphuka badinga ukususwa, ngoba bengenalutho noma bayomile futhi ngeke bafanele izithombo ezikhulayo.Kubalulekile! Imbewu emikhulu futhi enesisindo iqukethe izakhi eziningi. Kusukela kulesi sihloko sikhule izithombo zamatamatisi ezinamandla nezithelo.
Ngemuva kwesampula, imbewu ihlanganiswa ezikhwameni futhi igcinwe endaweni emnyama ekamelweni lokushisa. Uma imbewu igcinwa emakhazeni, inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala kunconywa ukuba ubathuthumele izinsuku ezimbalwa ebhetri emikhiqizweni yendwangu.
Eziningi zezifo zika utamatisi zithatha izimpande kwizinhlanzi futhi zingahlala khona isikhathi eside, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu siyini. Ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokutshala, kunconywa ukuthi unqabile okuqukethwe. Ngalokhu, imbewu ibhapathizwa imizuzu engu-15. ku-1% isisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma imizuzu engu-7. kwisisombululo se-3% se-hydrogen peroxide, esandulela ama-degree angu-40. 
Uyazi? Ukuze ukwandise isivuno sezithombo, kunconywa ukuba ugobe imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela usuku ngosuku lwesisombululo sezakhi. Lokhu kungaba yisisombululo se-Immunocetofit noma ijusi lamazambane ahlanzekile.
Ukuze unciphise uhlaka lwembewu futhi kube lula ukuhluma, ukutshala izinto ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kufanele kufakwe emanzini ekamelweni lokushisa amahora angu-10. Imbewu isakazwa esigqotsheni se-gauze bese igxila esitsheni. Inani lamanzi kufanele libe ngamaphesenti ama-30 ngaphansi kwenani lembewu. Ngemuva kwamahora amahlanu, amanzi azodinga ukushintsha.
Ukusheshisa inqubo yokuhluma amahlumela, kunconywa ukuba kuhlwanyele imbewu izinsuku ezinhlanu kumasila omanzi ane-gauze ekushiseni kwama-20-22 degrees. 
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, qiniseka ukuthi i-gauze ayimile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ayinamanzi kakhulu.
Ukuze izithombo zikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okushisa nokushisa okubandayo, kunconywa ukuba lukhuni imbewu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombo ezinjalo ziqhakaza ekuqaleni futhi zizoletha isivuno esiningi. Kuze kube sekugcineni, imbewu ehlwanyelwe ifakwe efrijini ebusuku (izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-0 kuya ku -2 degrees), futhi ngosuku lokugcinwa kwamazinga angama-20-22 degrees. Ukukhwabanisa kwenziwa izikhathi eziningana.
Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Utamatisi isithombo asifuni kakhulu emhlabathini. Umhlabathi wezithombo zamatamatisi ekhaya ungaba ngowokubili uthenge futhi ulungiselelwe ngokuzimela. Uma uthenga, okuthandayo kumele kunikelwe ukukhonta inhlabathi.
Ukuze ulungise inhlabathi ngokwakho, udinga ukuthatha inhlabathi e-loamy bese ufaka i-humus encane, umquba. Izithombo ziyokhula kahle enhlabathini evulekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungangeza i-peat noma i-sawdust engxenyeni.
Imbewu yokutshala nayo isebenzisa i-coke substrate. Iqukethe izakhi eziningi, ivimbela ukubola amahlumela, ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu enamandla yezimpande.
Uyazi? Amaphilisi e-Peat afanelekile ngokukhulela izithombo ezinamandla, futhi imbewu engama-4-5 ingahlwanyelwa kuwo. Uma utshalwa enhlabathini enjalo esikhathini esizayo, izithombo zokudonsa akudingekile.
Amandla okukhula kwezithombo
Ukukhethwa komthamo wezithombo ezikhulayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa kulezi zinhlobo zezitsha:
- amabhokisi ezithombo;
- amathreyi, amakhasethi;
- izimbiza zezithombo;
- amaphilisi e-peat noma izimbiza;
- izinkomishi ezilahlayo.
Kubalulekile! Okukhethwa kukho okungcono kungaba amathreyi noma amakhasethi anesayizi esingaba ngu-5-6 cm nobude obude obuyi-10 cm. Uma uthenga, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuthi isitsha senziwe yini. Kungcono ukuthenga i-tray (ikhasethi) ye-polystyrene. Ungathengi iziqukathi ezivela ku-polyvinyl chloride, iqukethe izinto ezinobuthi ekubunjweni kwayo.
Izimbiza zezithombo kanye nezinkomishi ezilahlayo - indlela engcono kakhulu engabizi. Kuzo, izithombo zingakhula kuze kube yilapho ukuguqulwa kube mhlabathi ovulekile. Noma kunjalo, izitsha ezinjalo zithatha isikhala esiningi futhi azizona ezilula uma izithombo zidinga ukudluliselwa kwenye indawo. Ngezansi kwamathangi okutshala imbewu kumele kube yizimbobo zokugeleza.
Amaphilisi e-Peat - afanelekile. Zenza iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo oluqinile lwempande kumahlumela, ukuvimbela imbewu yokubola. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kujabulisa akusho eshibhile.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezitamatisi zezithombo
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu utamatisi ezitshalweni kufanele kwenziwe ngoMashi 15-20. Amahlumela okuqala azovela ngesonto. Ezinye izinyanga ezimbili zizodlula ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamatamatisi ebanga lokuqala, futhi kuzodingeka elinye isonto ukubuyisela isitshalo ngemuva kokuhamba. Ekuqaleni kukaJune, izithombo zizobe sezikulungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. 
Ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi kufanele ibe semanzi kancane. Imbewu ithunjelwe enhlabathini engabi ngaphezu kuka-1 cm futhi ibanga lika-5 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Khona-ke udinga ukumboza isitsha ngefilimu noma ingilazi. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela umkhumbi kumele kufakwe endaweni efudumele ngezinga lokushisa cishe ngama-degree angu-25. Ngaphansi kwezimo, izithombo zizovela phakathi nesonto.
Ukunakekela nokutshala izithombo zamatamatisi
Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zivele, izithombo zidinga ukuthunyelwa ekamelweni elikhanyayo futhi elipholile. Ububanzi bokushisa kufanele bube kusuka ku- +14 kuya ku-16 degrees. Igumbi likhanya. Uma engekho, ungahlela ukukhanyiswa kwamahlumela ngosizo lwezibani.
Ngemuva kwesonto, izinga lokushisa kufanele likhule kancane kuya ku-+20 degrees, futhi ebusuku liyancipha ngamadridi ambalwa. Ukwenza lokhu, ungavula iwindi, kepha ungavumeli ukuhlela.
Uyazi? Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuhluma, kutuswa ukuba uhlele izithombo nxazonke ukukhanya kwewashi. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukuhluma kwayo.
Ukuphuza izithombo zika utamatisi ngokukhulela ekhaya kufanele kube okulinganayo futhi kwenziwe ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa. Kuze kube khona ishidi elihle lokuqala elibonakalayo, faka kancane inhlabathi ngamanzi uma isomile ngokuphelele. Emva kokuvela kweqabunga, ukuchelela kuyenziwa kanye ngesonto, futhi emva kokwakheka kwamaqabunga amahlanu amahle, izithombo ziyanisela njalo kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4.
Dive utamatisi Izithombo
I-dive i-transplanting izithombo zibe yiziqukathi ezihlukene. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwakheni uhlelo lwempande. Kukhona ukukhula kwezimpande ze-lateral, ukondla okutshalwe ngcono kwezitshalo. Izithombo zikhula futhi zizothola kalula izimpande ensimini, zizokwenza isivuno esihle. 
Ukuthatha izithombo zika utamatisi kwenziwa ngosuku lweshumi emva kokuvela amahlumela okuqala. Kodwa-ke, esimweni ngasinye kudingekile ukuba sisondele ngabanye. Umthetho ojwayelekile wukuthi izithombo zihamba ngosuku lwesibini emva kokuvela kwepheshana leqiniso lokuqala.
Kubalulekile! Uma udilika, amahlumela amahle kakhulu futhi anempilo akhethiwe kuphela, kanti okunye kufanele kuphonswe. Futhi emmpandeni wehlumela ngalinye kufanele kube ibhola elincane lobumba.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokukhetha, izithombo zidinga ukuphuzwa kancane ukuze amahlumela asuswe kalula. Udinga ukususa izithombo emhlabathini ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi izimpande ezibuthakathaka. Kunconywa ukuwachitha phansi ngenduku noma i-toothpick. Faka esikhundleni isidingo ekujuleni okukhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa izimbiza, izinkomishi ezingamatshumi amathathu-litre noma amabhodlela epulasitiki onenkani.
Ngemva kokukhetha, amahlumela aphuza kakhulu futhi adluliselwe endaweni epholile ngomoya omanzi. Izitshalo akufanele ziwe imisebe eqondile yelanga. Ngemva kwesonto, izithombo zibuyiselwa endaweni yazo yangaphambili efudumele.
Ukucindezela izithombo utamatisi
Ukunciphisa izithombo kunconywa ukuze kuthi uma utshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile awukhendi, awuphikisani nezinguquko zokushisa ezivame ukuqhutshwa ehlobo. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokufutheka izithombo zamatamatisi. 
Uma ifudumala ngaphandle futhi izinga lokushisa lifinyelela kumadigri angu-15, izitsha ezinezithombo zikhishwa emgwaqweni noma emkhathini. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, izitshalo ziphuziswa. Ngesikhathi sokuqina, udinga ukuqapha izinga lokushisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kwe-8 ° C, izitsha kufanele zilethwe ekamelweni elishisayo. Kungcono ukuthatha izithombo ngemuva kwehora lesine noma lesihlanu kusihlwa, lapho ilanga liphansi kancane. Uma kungenjalo, kungase kube gazinga. Kumele futhi uqaphele inhlabathi, akumele ime. Uma inhlabathi isomile, idinga ukuphuziswa kancane. Ungashiyi iziqukathi ngelanga eliqondile. Isikhathi esinzima samasonto amabili.
Ukuvimbela nokuvikelwa kwezithombo zotamatisi ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo
Ukukhula kwezithombo zika utamatisi kuvame ukugujwa izifo zefungal kanye nezinambuzane. Ukuze ungabhekana nezinkinga ezinjalo, kunconywa ukuthi izithombo zotamatisi ziphathwa nge-fungicides, izinambuzane noma izikhambi zabantu.
Izifo ezivamile kakhulu utamatisi yizi:
- ukulimaza kwelanga;
- i-macrosporosis;
- ukubona;
- ukubola okubomvu;
- i-septoriosis;
- izifo zegciwane.
- ngezikhathi zonke ukhulule phansi;
- Gwema ukutshala okukhulu;
- ungazondli izithombo;
- susa amaqabunga amnyama aphansi;
- ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, cubungula izithombo nge-0.5% e-Bordeaux liquid;
- ukucubungula izitshalo nomhlabathi ngomlotha womlilo (okuncane komlotha kufanele kuhlakazeke ngokuqondisa umoya);
- ekudleni kokuqala kwezithombo kunconywa ukuba wengeze i-sulfate encane yethusi (2 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi ashisayo).
Uyazi? Ukuze unciphise ingozi yezifo ze-fungal kanye ne-virus, akukhuthazwa ukutshala utamatisi eduze namazambane, i-pepper, ama-eggplants, noma ezindaweni lapho izitshalo ezinjalo zakhula ngonyaka odlule.
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- I-Colorado ye-potato beetle;
- i-thrips;
- i-aphid;
- i-cicadas;
- i-whiteflies;
- i-pincers;
- Medvedka.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani izithombo zezotamatisi ezivela imbewu, izimfihlo eziyinhloko ongazivikela kuzo izitshalo ezimweni ezimbi zezulu, izifo nezinambuzane. Ukuhambisana nemithetho echazwe futhi kuqinisekisa isivuno esikhulu samatamatisi.
