Izilwane eziningi ezifuywayo zihlushwa ukungena kwamagciwane amaningi emzimbeni wabo.
Ngisho nezinkukhu zingaba yizintambo ezihlukahlukene, eziyizimbangela zezifo eziyingozi. Ezifweni ezinjalo, ochwepheshe bahlanganisa nje isitshalo.
I-Prostogonymoz yisifo se-trematode esivela kuzo zonke izinyoni ezifuywayo, kepha ngokuvamile kuvame ukutholakala ezinkukhu.
Esikhathini se-oviduct, izinyoni ziqala ukuxazulula izimpethu ezinamandla, ezibangelwa ukuvuvukala.
Ezikhathini zokuqala zalesi sifo kuphathwa kahle, kodwa ngohlobo oluphambili kakhulu, ngokuvamile luba imbangela yokufa kwenkukhu.
Yini nje izinkukhu ze-henonymus?
Umthelela omubi wezimbangela zezinkukhu empilweni yezinkukhu zafundwa esikhathini esidlule.
Abalimi bezinyoni baqala ukubona ukuthi izinkukhu zabo ziyancipha kancane kancane ngenxa yesizathu esithile futhi zifa ngenyanga.
Ukufa okunjalo okungazenzisi kwakungeke kusize kodwa ukuphakamisa imibuzo phakathi kochwepheshe, ngakho-ke izidumbu ezinjalo zaphenywa kahle.
Phakathi nesifundo sabo, kwacaca ukuthi izimpethu ezinama-parasitic zihlelwe ezinyoni ze-oviduct, ezibangele ukufa kwazo.
I-Trematodes kuphela ayibangeli ukufa. Impilo yenkukhu yabonakalisa imikhiqizo emisebenzini ebalulekile, eqala ukubola e-oviduct, kancane kancane eholele ekuvukeni.
Lokhu kuvumela umlimi ukuthi aqaphele lesi sifo ngesikhathi futhi asiphulukise, kuze kube yilapho sephuzile kakhulu kule nyoni.
Uma kungenjalo, ipulazi lingase lilahlekelwe okuthile, ngoba inkukhu ingasakwazi ukuthwala amaqanda, bese ifa ngokushesha.
Ama-Causative agents of the disease
I-prostogonimosis ibangelwa izibungu ezinama-parasitic trematodes, okuyi-genus Prosthogonimus.
Kulezi, izibungu eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ezandakazekayo yi-Prostogonimus ovatus ne-prostogonimus cuneatus emndenini Plagiorchidae.
Bahlala esikhwameni sesigqoko nenyoni ye-oviduct, okwenza ukuba bavuke.
Izibungu ngokwazo zinomzimba ophaphathekile futhi onemibala.. Ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-3-6 mm, nobubanzi - 1-2 mm. Lezi zilinganiso zivumela ukuba ziqaphele ngisho nangesiza seglasi elikhazimulayo lapho lihlola izitho zangaphakathi zenyoni ewile.
I-Trematodes, okuyisisusa se-causative lesi sifo, ngokushesha ibeka amaqanda emzimbeni wezinkukhu ezigulayo. Kancane kancane, amaqanda awo akhishwa emvelweni ngokusebenzisa i-cloaca.
Njengomthetho, amaqanda abo aqeda "ukuvuthwa" emanzini. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa kwamanzi, amaqanda e-trematode afaka ama-mollusk, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izibungu.
Kusukela emzimbeni we-mollusk, izimpungushe ze-trematode zingena emathunjini ama-dragonfly izimpungushe, amanzi aphilayo, lapho ziguqulwa zibe yindlela elandelayo ephakathi.
Uma udla izidlovu, izinkukhu zithola igciwane. Ku-oviduct, izibungu zezimpethu emasontweni angu-1-2 ziba ngabantu abadala, ziyaqhubeka nokubeka amaqanda futhi zidle ngokwezindleko zomphathi.
Izinkukhu ze-Fireball zingaba umthombo omuhle kakhulu wenyama, ngaphandle kwalokho, zingenakuzithoba ezimweni zokuphila.Ukuze ufunde ngesifo esinjenge-paratyphoid yenyoni, chofoza lapha futhi ufunde lesi sihloko.
Izifundo nezimpawu
I-Prostogonimoz ihamba kancane kancane ngezikhathi eziningana zokuthuthukiswa.
Esikhathini sokuqala, izinkukhu zibukeka ziphilile ngokuphelele, kodwa zine "ukukhishwa" kwamaqanda.
Lesi sigaba sesifo singahlala cishe inyanga, emva kwalokho isimo sezinkukhu siqala ukuwohloka kakhulu.
Izinyoni ezigulayo ziba yizifo, behlale behlala endaweni eyodwa noma bechitha isikhathi sabo sonke, bezama ukubeka iqanda ngempumelelo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkukhu zidla kabi kakhulu, cishe zenqabe ukudla, izimpaphe zazo zikhukhumezekile futhi zingcolile. Umthamo wabantu ababuthakathaka uyingozi, isidumbu esithintekayo siyaphazamisa. Lesi sigaba sesifo singahlala izinsuku ezingaba ngu-7.
Isigaba sokugcina se-prostagonymose sibonakala ngokushisa komzimba okuphakeme, kunomthelela okhuni ngamandla. Ngemuva komzimba wenkukhu kukhishwa ngesimo somgqomo, okuvimbela inkukhu ukuba ihambe ngokujwayelekile.
Nge-palpation yesisu, inkukhu iqala ukudubula, ekhombisa ukuzwa okubuhlungu. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu, inyoni enjalo iyafa.
I-Trematodes iqala isingeniso esisebenzayo ngemuva kwe-oviduct, futhi ngemva kwalokho kuyingxenye yeprotheyini. Nge-spikes yabo, abayisebenzisayo ukuxhuma ezindongeni zangaphakathi, izimpungushe zilimaza i-oviduct yenyoni, ebangela ukuvuvukala.
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umsebenzi wonke wezinkukhu wezinhlayiyana zeprotheyini negobolondo, okuholela ekutheni "amaqanda" akhishwe, akhathazeke ngokuphelele.
Ukuhlonza
Ukuxilongwa kwe-prostonogony kuyasungulwa ekuhloleni izimpawu zomtholampilo zesifo, idatha ye-epizootological, izifundo ze-ovoscopic kanye ne-helminthological.
Uma epulazini izinkukhu eziningi ziqala "ukuthululela" amaqanda, bese uyeka ngokuphelele ukubeka amaqanda, izimpawu zokuvuvukala kwe-oviduct zivele, futhi isifo ngokwayo sande, ngakho-ke ochwepheshe banesizathu sokuthi izinyoni zihlushwa i-gonoma elula.
Ukuxilongwa kungase kuqinisekiswe ukuba khona kwamagumbi eduze nepulazi yenkukhu lapho bengaphila khona izimpungushe ze-dragonfly ezinegciwane.
Ukuxilongwa okunembile kungenziwa ngesisekelo sokusatshalaliswa kwezinyoni eziwile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhlunga nge-membrane yamangqamuzana ye-oviduct kwenziwa, bese-ke ochwepheshe ehlola izinto eziphilayo ngaphansi kweglasi noma i-microscope.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwe-gonosis elula i-carbon tetrachloride.
Kulesi simo, umthamo walesi samakhemikhali uhluka kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-5 ml inyoni ngayinye, kuye ngokuthi uneminyaka engakanani nesimo esijwayelekile.
Le nyoni ithola lesi sidakamizwa emgqonyeni womlomo nge-syringe nethubhu yerabha. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ujobe umuthi ngokuqondile kwi-goiter yocansi lokugula.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokwelapha okuningi kwezinyoni, lesi sidakamizwa kufanele sihlolwe ezingxenyeni ezingu-20. Uma bebekezelela ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele, ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izinyoni. Ngokuba ukudakwa kunokwanela ukusebenzisa kanye, futhi izibungu ziqala ukufa.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa okunjalo, izinkukhu ezinobuthakathaka zigcinwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile ezinsukwini ezingu-5. Ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele inyoni ivunyelwe ukubuyela futhi lapho ihamba emanzini. Ngenkathi inyoni ihlezi ku-aviary entsha, umlimi kumele ahlele kabusha ngokugcwele udoti ukuze agweme ukuphindaphinda.
Ukuphumelela kokwelashwa kwe-gonosis elula kuncike kakhulu esikhathini sokugula lapho kuqale khona ukwelashwa.
Uma izinkukhu ziqala ukuthola imithi ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ubukhulu be-eggshell bubuyiselwa, futhi inkukhu ngokwayo iqala ukuthola amandla. Uma ukwelashwa kwaqalwa esigabeni sesibili, ikhwalithi lamaqanda lingabuyiselwa kuphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-12.
Ngokuqondene nesigaba esiphezulu sesifo, le nyoni cishe ayinakwenzeka ukuphulukisa, futhi iyafa.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
Ngaphambi kokumisa ipulazi lezinkukhu, umfuyi wezinkukhu kudingeka aqiniseke ukuthi azikho izinhlanzi nezidumbu zamanzi eziseduze.
Uma kungekho ezinye izindawo epulazini, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zisetshenziswe.
Izindawo ezingaphumelelanga zalesi sifo Asikho isidingo sokukhulula izinkukhu endlini ekuseni ekuseni ngesikhathi sezulufuthi futhi emahoreni ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokuba imvula iphelile.
Ngalesi sikhathi, zonke izinhlanhla zihlezi phansi, ngakho izinyoni zingabathola futhi zidle. Ngesikhathi esifudumele sosuku, bazama ukuhamba, ngakho-ke abafinyeleleki ezinkukhu.
Kulesi simo, udoti kunoma yikuphi okwenzekayo awukwazi nje ukuwuphonsa. Kumele kube ne-disinfected ku-storages for litter.
Isiphetho
I-Prostogonimoz yisifo esiyingozi sokubeka izinkukhu kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ama-parasites ngokushesha abe imbangela yokuvuvukala ku-oviduct, okuvimbela izinkukhu ukuba zithwale amaqanda aphezulu.
Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokushesha kwimali engenayo epulazini lezinkukhu, ngakho-ke umnini wemfuyo wezinkukhu udinga ukuphendula ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ezibonakalweni zokuqala zesifo ukuze avimbele ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda nokufa kwezinyoni.
