UGerbera ovela emndenini wakwa-Astrov. Kwatholakala imbali ngososayensi waseDashi uJan Gronovius ngo-1717. Kutholakala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70, eziningi zazo ezikhula e-Afrika, ezinye ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia.
Igumbi Gerbera Incazelo
Isitshalo sifinyelela ku-25-55 cm ukuphakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula okuphezulu kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwezimbali ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwe-peduncle kusuka kuhlu lweqabunga. Phezulu, kubhasikishwa kububanzi obungaphansi kwamasentimitha ayi-14. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, amacembe angaba owanoma yimuphi umbala. Kunezinhlobo ezinemibala epinki, emhlophe, i-burgundy nezinye izithunzi.
Amahlamvu ahlelwe ngamahlosi ambalwa kuma-petioles amancane. Banesimo esinezinsiba, ingxenye esemaphakathi iyaphezulu. Umbala wamaqabunga uluhlaza okotshani. Kwezinye izikhathi inqwaba ethambile ethambile itholakala kuma-petioles.
Ukuhlukaniswa kweGerbera
Izinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo zithandwa - iJameson neqabunga eliluhlaza. Ngokuyisisekelo, wonke amakamelo ayehlukaniswa kusukela ebangeni lokuqala.
| Uhlobo, amacembe | I-inflorescences | Okuhlukahlukene, izimbali |
| Okujulile, kuncane | Izimbali ezincane ukuya kububanzi obungu-9 cm. | I-Aldebaran ipinki. I-Alkar - umthunzi wama-cherries avuthiwe. |
| Izimbali ezinkulu, zimincane | Finyelela ku-13 cm. | I-Vega - i-orange. UJupita uphuzi okhanyayo. I-Algol iyi-cherry evuthiwe. |
| Izimbali ezinkulu, ezimaphakathi | Ububanzi obuphakathi. | Izimbaza zibomvu. |
| Izimbali ezinkulu, zibanzi | Kukhulu kuze kube ngu-15 cm. | Ukulethwa, uMarkal - umbala welanga. |
| Terry, mncane | Usayizi ophakathi nendawo aze afike ku-11 cm. | I-Kalinka - izithunzi eziphuzi. UViola - upinki opinki. Sonya - amathoni abomvu. |
| Terry, ububanzi | Okukhulu. | I-Spark - ebomvu, ebomvu ejulile |
Ukunakekelwa kweGerbera Ekhaya
Isitshalo esivela eNingizimu Afrika sidinga izimo ezifanayo nendawo yokuhlala yaso yemvelo. Ngokulandela imithetho, ungangezelela isikhathi sezimbali.
| I-Factor | Intwasahlobo / ihlobo | Ubusika | Ukuwa |
| Indawo | Amafasitela abekwe efasiteleni elisempumalanga noma ngasentshonalanga. Igumbi kufanele liphasiswe nsuku zonke. Ehlobo, zidluliselwa emgaqweni noma zidluliselwe emhlabathini ovulekile. | ||
| Isibani | Ihlanzwa endaweni enomthunzi. | Faka isicelo se-fluorescent noma ama-phytolamp ukuze unikeze isitshalo ukukhanya. | |
| Ukushisa | Akubekezeleli ukushisa ngenhla + 30 ... +32 ° C. Kushiya ubala. | Ku-+ 12 ... +14 ° C, imbali ingena ekubandakanyeni; ukuqhakaza ngalesi sikhathi akunakwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, amazinga okushisa aphansi angabulala isitshalo. | Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngu- + 20 ... +24 ° C. |
| Umswakama | Kudinga umswakama ka-70-80%, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sasehlobo isikhala esikuzungezile siyafafazwa. | ||
| Ukunisela | Okumaphakathi, njengoba ungqimba lwangempela lomhlaba loma. Amanzi at lokushisa lasekamelweni (+ 20 ... +22 ° C). Uma kunesidingo (ehlobo, lapho sibekwe eduze nebhethri), fafaza isikhala esiseduze nesitshalo noma ubeke umswakama eduze. | ||
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Umanyolo weNitrogen kufanelekile ngoFebhuwari, Julayi-Agasti, nopotash ngesikhathi sezimbali. Isixazululo sifakwa kuqala emanzini, bese kuthathwa inani elincane. | ||
Ukutshala, ukufakelwa, inhlabathi yama-gerberas
Ukufakwa kwezitshalo kuqala ngokukhethwa kwembiza. Kufanele kube ngodaka, lokhu kuvumela izimpande ze-gerbera ukuba ziphefumule futhi zigcine izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi elifanele.
Ungakhipha amasonto amabili ngemuva kokuthenga imbali. Lokhu kuvumela isitshalo ukuthi sijwayele izimo ezintsha.
Abalimi abanolwazi baphinde batuse:
- khetha ibhodwe elineminyaka emibili;
- phatha isitsha ngamanzi abilayo;
- buyisela inhlabathi yonke indawo, uphinde futhi uxubha izimpande;
- uma isitshalo sisencane, khona-ke faka umquba njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7.
UJamesonNgokutshala sebenzisa inhlabathi ekhanyayo - i-acidic kancane. Kungenziwa ngokuzimela (2: 1: 1):
- inhlabathi eqabulayo;
- Peat;
- isihlabathi.
Ubumba olwandisiwe noma amagxolo kaphayini njengesihlungi.
Itshalwe kabusha ngesikhathi sokuphumula lapho i-gerbera ingaqhakaza. Kulesi simo, indawo okuphuma kuyo izimpande ishiyelwa ukuphuma emhlabathini ngo-1-2 cm.
Ukusakazeka kukaGerbera
Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izindlela ezimbili zokusakazwa kwembali yegumbi besebenzisa imbewu noma ukuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Ngembewu
Efanele abalimi abafuna ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezintsha noma ukusabalalisa i-gerbera. Imbewu ithengwa esitolo noma zivunwa ngenkathi yezimbali. Ukuze ukhiqize kabusha uzodinga:
- uthele inhlabathi ebhodweni (ingxube ye-turf nesihlabathi) ka-1-2 cm;
- beka imbewu bese uyifafaza ngomhlaba, kepha ungabi ngaphezu kuka-5 cm;
- amboze ngefilimu, bese uthambisa inhlabathi nge-sprayer;
- shiya endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo;
- pholisa bese umswakama kuze kube yilapho kuqala amahlamvu;
- ngemuva kokuvela kwamashidi angama-3-4, hlukanisa ngamabhodwe amancane.
Ukwehlukaniswa nge-Bush
Indlela le ifaneleka nangabe kunesitshalo esidala ngaphezu kweminyaka emibili, singatjalwa. Ngemuva kokwehlukana, i-gerbera iyaniselwa futhi iyiswe endaweni lapho kungekho ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe liyagcinwa.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- Susa isitshalo ebhodweni bese uxubha izimpande emhlabathini;
- hlukanisa phakathi kwezihlahla ezi-3-4, ngenkathi ushiya amaphuzu amabili okukhula;
- izimpande zemithi ngo-10 cm;
- ukutshala izitshalo ezimbizeni bese ufafaza ngenhlabathi;
- Izitolo kufanele zibe yi-1 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
Iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshaniAmaphutha ekunakekelweni, izifo kanye nezinambuzane
Imvamisa abalimi benza amaphutha ngokunakekela i-gerbera, okuholela ekutheni isimo sayo sibi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ubona le nqubo ngesikhathi, ungalungisa amaphutha bese ubuyisela isitshalo ngendlela yaso yokuqala.
Amaphutha Wokunakekelwa Okuvamile
| Izimpawu | Isizathu | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Amacembe aphuzi | Ukunisela okungalungile, kuningi kakhulu noma okuphambene nalokho. | Amanzi kufanele abe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, nokunisela ngokulinganayo. |
| Kuqeda amaqabunga | Ukuntuleka kwamanzi, umoya owomile. | Fafaza isitshalo namanzi kaningi. |
| Okumnyama noma ukuguqula amacembe | Ukuntuleka kokukhanya. | Hambisa imbiza ye-gerbera iye ohlangothini olunelanga. |
| Amacembe omisiwe | Umanyolo okhethwe ngokungafanele noma ukuntuleka kwawo. | Thenga i-nitrogen substrate. |
| Izindawo eziphuzi kumaqabunga | Ukushiswa yilanga. | Susa isitshalo emthunzini, futhi futhi ungafafaza isitshalo uqobo, kodwa isikhala esiseduze naso ukuze amanzi angaweli emacembe. |
| Aluqhakaza | Imbiza engasebenzi, inhlabathi noma indawo. | Dlulisela i-gerbera esitsheni esikhulu. Susa ohlangothini lapho kunelanga elincane, futhi ushintshe inhlabathi nge-nitrogen engaphansi. |
| Isiqu esimnyama | Izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukuthambisa okuningi. | Hambisa inhlabathi kaningi. Hambisa egumbini lapho umoya uzobe ufudumele khona. |
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ngaphezu kwamaphutha enziwa ngabatshali bezimbali, lesi sitshalo singase sibhekane nezifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame ukukhipha ukunakekelwa okungafanele.
| Uhlobo lwesifo noma inkathazo | Izimpawu | Izindlela zokulawula |
| I-Powdery hlobo | Ukuhlanganiswa okumpunga okumhlophe emaqabunga kuya kuba mnyama phakathi nesikhathi bese kuguqula umbala ube nsundu. | Uma uthola ngokushesha, ungasebenzisa indlela yabantu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanganisa isinaphi owomile namanzi (50 g nge-10 amalitha) bese uphatha isitshalo amahlandla ama-2 njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3. Uma indlela yehluleka, bese usika wonke amaqabunga athelelekile. Faka indawo engaphezulu ngentsha. Phatha nge-fungicides (iTopazi, iVitaros). |
| Ukubola okumpunga | Amabala ansundu kumaqabunga nesiqu. Kancane kancane zibola futhi zimbozwe ngopende omhlophe omhlophe. | Ngezinjongo zokuvimbela, isithako somuthi sengezwe emhlabathini. Lapho uthelelekile, nciphisa inani lokunisela kancane, usike zonke iziqu namaqabunga athintekile bese ufafaza lezi zingxenye ngamalahle ocushiwe. Phatha i-gerbera ngeFundazole, uphinde inqubo ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2. |
| Ukulimala okufika lapho | Ukuvela kwamabala ansundu emaqabungeni esitshalo, agcina ephenduka amnyama futhi abola. Lesi sifo sithinta nohlelo lwezimpande, silwenza buthaka. | Ngezinjongo zokuvimbela, izimpande zibekwa endaweni yesixazululo se-fungicide, ngokwesibonelo, i-Alirin-B. Inhlabathi iphathwa ngokufakwa kwegalikhi, ukuyifafaza. Ukwelashwa kuqala ngokususwa kwezindawo ezithintekile, futhi kufaka nokwelashwa kwe-gerbera nenhlabathi ngeFundazole. |
| I-Fusarium | Isiqu somile futhi mncane. Kushiya amaqabunga ambozwe izindawo eziphuzi. Ubumba obomvana noma obomhlophe buvela ezingxenyeni ezithintekile zesitshalo. | Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha i-gerbera kusuka kulesi sifo. Ungasebenzisa ukusikwa kokusakazeka, kepha unake ukusikeka, kumele kuhlanzeke. Ukuze isitshalo singafi, i-prophylaxis kufanele yenziwe, lokhu, amanzi anesixazululo esikhanyayo se-potanganum permanganate. Lapho ufaka, sebenzisa Maxim, Skor. |
| Isihlangu | Ama-brown noma ama-beige ukwakheka kwamaqabunga neziqu. | Ukuze ulwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi ugcobe amagobolondo onogada upharafini, uwoyela womshini bese ushiya amahora angama-2-3. Bese usula amaqabunga ngegwebu elinososo lokugeza izingubo uphathe ne-Aktara., Fufanon. |
| Ama-aphid | Izinambuzane ezincane ezihlasela ama-buds, amaqabunga amancane we-gerbera. Kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izingxenye zezitshalo zomile. | Ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides, isibonelo iTanrek, Admiral, Spark-Bio. |
