Inkabi i-ruminant edla ngokuyinhloko ku-roughage. Inomzimba wamakamelo amaningi, okwenzelwe ukugaya ukudla okuningi kwezitshalo. Iminyango ehlukene yalomzimba yenza ukwenziwa komshini wokugcizelela futhi ukhiqiza amandla, ukwandisa ukufana kwayo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngesidumbu sesisu nesisu sokuqala ngemva kokuyeka.
Isisu senkomo
Ukudla kuhamba ngesisu senkomo kancane kancane, kudlula ku-rumen kuya emanzini kuya encwadini, bese kungena ku-abomasum. Inetha yakhelwe ukuhlunga okuphakelayo komhlaba. Umnyango ngamunye unezici ezithile eziqondene nezinqubo ezenzeka kuwo, noma kunjalo, isisu yisistimu eyodwa.
Kubalulekile! Isisu sika-calf asilungiswanga ukugaya i-roughage, ngakho-ke i-groove ehlukanisa isibazi zibe izikhwama ezimbili inomumo weshubhu. Ngalesi tube, ubisi lugeleza kusukela kulesi sigameko ngokushesha kuze kube se-abomasum, ngokudlulela phambili. Ukudla okunomsoco njengokudla okuhambisanayo kufanele kuhanjiswe kumathole ekudleni okungenakuqala kwenyanga eyodwa ubudala, ngoba i-rennet ayikwazi ukuyigaya ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhumbuzo.
Ngukuphi uhlangothi
Isisu yisilwane esinamandla esiphezulu sonke segcekeni lesisu lesilwane futhi sisezingeni elingama-4-12 isikhala se-intercostal. Esigabeni sangaphambili sesisu sithintekile, futhi ngemuva kuxhuma ne-duodenum.
Mangaki eminyango nemisebenzi yabo
Kunezigaba ezine kulesi sitho, kodwa ubuchopho nemifino ayifani neze ukuhlukaniswa komunye nomunye futhi kuthiwa ndawonye ngokuthi isisu esisemuva. 
Isikhala
Lona ngumnyango oyinhloko, owokuqala nowokukhulu. Umthamo wayo kubantu abadala ufinyelela amalitha angamakhulu amabili. Kukhona ukonakala engxenyeni yesobunxele yesigxobo esiswini futhi unesilinganiso esincane sokunene. Ummbila, lapho ukondla okomama wezinyosi udlula khona ngokushesha ku-abomasum, uhlukanisa lesi sigaba zibe izikhwama ezimbili ezihlanganiswe ne-double layer of muscle tissue.
Lo mnyango awunazo izigulane, kodwa uveza ukugaya okwenziwe ngokugaya, uqinisekisa ukugaya nokuxuba. Umthamo wesibalo ukhulu kakhulu - kuthatha cishe u-80% wevolumu yenani yesisu futhi iyisitho esingaphansi kakhulu esingaphakathi.
Uyazi? Isisindo esijwayelekile senkomo enempilo eneminyaka emibili ubudala i-700 kilogram, inkunzi - okungaphezulu kwethani. Kungase kubonakale kuyamangaza ukuthi irekhodi lesisindo lingelakho. Ummeleli waseHolstein ogama lakhe linguMount Katahdin ngo-1906 waba nesisindo samakhilogremu angu-2 200. Ibhande le-esifubeni sakhe ngemuva kwamahlombe ehlombe lidlule ngamamitha angu-4, futhi ukuphakama lapho kubunwe kufinyelela ku-2.
Amabhaktheriya alula kakhulu ahlala ku-rumen, inqubo yokudla. Bavutha ushukela, benza ukuvutshelwa okuyisisekelo kobumnyama obuhlaza, ukwakha amavithamini namaprotheni. Kuye ngokudla okutholakala yisilwane, izinambuzane zamathumbu zisanda ukugaya ukudla ngempumelelo, ngakho-ke i-microflora yesisu iyahlukahluka.
Ividiyo: ukuhlolwa kwenkomo yenkomo Izindonga zemisipha yenkontileka yama-rumen njalo ngemva kwesibili, futhi emva kokucubungula okuyisisekelo, uphinde uvuselele ibhola lokudla emgodleni nasemlonyeni wesilwane. Inkabi iqala ukuhlafuna i-gum, ngokungezelela ukugaya isisindo esivele sivuthwe nge-molars.
Igridi
Umnyango osindayo, kodwa omncane wokuhlunga - kuthatha okungaphezulu kuka-10 amalitha. Kutholakale ngaphambi kwesigxobo esiswini ngaphambi kwesigaba esiyinhloko futhi kuhlangene kancane ne-diaphragm. Kuyinto igridi edala inqubo yokufuna i-gum engxenyeni.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala izimfuyo emasimini kanye nemifino kufanele kwenziwe kuphela endaweni esomile. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokungcola ngokweqile, ama-bacule ama-vagule ahlala eziqubeni zezitshalo ezikhanyayo aqala ukukhiqiza igazi eliqukethe i-nitrogen. Ku-rumen, le nqubo isheshayo, isilwane sithola i-timpani futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isisu sishiya ukusebenza.Ihlunga ingxenyana ye-liquid usebenzisa i-membrane yayo yamangqamuzana yamaselula futhi iyidlulisela phambili emgqeni wokugaya, futhi ilahla izinhlayiya ezinkulu eziqinile.
Incwadi
Lo mnyango uthola ukudla okunomsoco okwakhiwe ngokukodwa. Ubhekene nokucubungula kokudla komshini, ukuwohloka kwe-fibre kanye nokwamukelwa kwesilinganiso esikhulu se-liquid. I-liquid ishicilelwe futhi igonywe ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwe-enzyme ne-asidi kwesigaba sesine, i-rennet.
Uyazi? Njengabantu abaneminwe yezinhlamvu, ukushicilelwa kwesibuko sekhasi seenkomo kuyingqayizivele. Lesi sici sisetshenziswa abafundisi baseTexas, abagcina imininingwane yezinkomo futhi, uma kunesidingo, befuna futhi baqonde izilwane ezibiwe ngeminwe yabo.Le ncwadi iqukethe izindonga ezincane zomzimba, ezifana namaqabunga, phakathi kokudla okusetshenziselwa ngamathe kanye nokuvutshelwa kwayo ngaphansi kwethonya lama-bacterium. Ubukhulu bebhuku buyingcosana: kubantu abadala akufinyeleleki ububanzi bebhola le-volleyball.
Abomasum
Ukubonakala kwesigaba sezinkomo zesilwane. Kubonisa ukuthi isisu sangempela sejubane lezilwane lifihliwe emahlathini alo, eliqukethe i-hydrochloric acid kanye ne-enzyme. Ijusi libhekene nokugaya kokugcina kokudla nokuqedwa okuphelele kweprotheni yayo ingxenye.
I-abomasum ingezingeni leshumi nesikhombisa se-intercostal futhi esilwaneni esidala sifinyelela kumthamo wamalitha ayi-15. Iqukethe isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esakhiwe, esandisa ngokuphawulekayo indawo yezicubu ezinobuthi futhi, ngokufanele, inani le-rennet juice.
Isisu senkomo asisebenzi (sukuma)
Izinkinga zesisu ezinkomo zivela ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yephutha lomnikazi. Uma isondlo singumgangatho ompofu noma singacubunguliwe kahle, futhi isilwane sesidlile, umzimba wezinambuzane uzophuza bese uqeda ngokuphelele. Izimpawu zesisu esivukile ziyolahlekelwa isifiso, ukukhwehlela, ukuhlafuna ize, ukuphefumula ubunzima.
Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-anatomy yenkomo, futhi wazi kangcono izici zesakhiwo zamehlo, amazinyo, udder nenhliziyo yalesi silwane.
Kungani
- Izinhlayiya ezinkulu zokudla. Izitshalo zomsuka, ama-corn cobs kanye ne-briquetted feed kudingeka zicutshungulwe. Izingcezu zokudla eziphelele ngeke zikwazi ukugaya isibazi, futhi lokhu kuzobangela ukuba isisu siphele.
- Ukuzila okude. Uma isilwane singenakho ukudla okwesikhathi eside, bese sithola ngamanani angenamkhawulo, sizokugwinya ngokuhaha, singakhathazeki ngokufuna ukuhlafuna. Isikhwama se-muscular of the scar ngeke sikwazi ukubhekana nokugaya izingxenye ezinkulu zokudla kanye ne-plug plug of the groove ehlanganisa isibazi ngokubunjwa.
- Izinto zangaphandle. Ngokungafani namahhashi, izinkomo zidla konke abakunikayo. Abazizwa bezondla ngezindebe zabo, kodwa banciphise umthamo ngokungakhethi, okuholela ekungeneni kwamatshe, izipikili nezinye izinto ezingenakulinganiswa. Lezi zinto zingasusa nje ukuyeka ukugaya, kodwa futhi nokukhishwa kwamathumbu.
- Isisu se-stomach. Isibangela sokuphahlazeka singase sibe ukuhlaselwa okubukhali noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Izindonga ze-muscle ze-esophagus zincane, futhi i-peristalsis iyayeka ngokuphelele.
- Ukudla okungalungile kwekhwalithi. Ukuvuthwa okubolile, okuvutshiwe nokubunjiwe okuluhlaza, ukudla okudlulile okuvusa ukwanda kwe-microflora, ukwanda kwenani lamathumbu emathumbu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-timpani nokuma kwesisu.
Kubalulekile! Umzimba wangaphandle owawela kuwofuthikanye nokudla, kungalimaza umuthi wamathumbu futhi uphume ngokwemvelo. Ukuyeka umsebenzi wesisu kule nkathi kwenzeka esikhathini esithile kamuva futhi kubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwesifo endaweni yokulimala noma ukuguqulwa kodonga.
Okufanele ukwenze, indlela yokusebenzisa isisu senkomo
Ukuyeka ukugaya kungabangela ukungahambi kahle kwesilwane, kodwa futhi kuholela ekufeni okukude. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuqala kabusha isisu.
Izindlela zendabuko
- Iprobe Yakhelwe ukubhubhisa futhi iqhube i-cork iphinde iphinde ibe phansi. Ukuze isingeniso salo, isilwane kufanele siboshwe ngokucophelela ku-leash emfushane kakhulu kunento ezinzile. Khona-ke udinga ukupheka ama-2-3 amalitha amafutha yemifino, ilitha ngalinye lesisindo sesilwane ngasinye. Isandla lapho amafutha azogeleza khona kuzodinga ukumbozwa ngendwangu ebanzi ukuvimbela umonakalo.
Umlomo wesilwane kufanele uvuleke kabanzi futhi umcengezi ufakwe emkhatsini wezinsipho ukuze inkomo ingawavali. Amafutha kufanele athulwe ohlangothini lomhlathi. Lapho nje isilwane sishaya ingxenye enkulu, kuyadingeka ukwethula isimiso esikhulu se-caliber kancane futhi ngokucophelela, sishukumisele phansi phansi isisindo. Amafutha azogcoba isisindo futhi adambise i-cap, futhi iphenyo lizolibhubhisa, kanti amathumbu amathumbu azoqala kancane. - Isizinda sombhalo. Kufanelekile ukususa izinto ezinamathele ku-larynx ezingabonakala ngesikhumba. Inkabi kumele ihlelwe ngendlela ekhonjisiwe ngenhla. Isandla, esizokwenziwa isizinda, uzodinga ukugqoka igantshi elimnyama bese ugoqa indwangu kusuka esandleni ukuze uhlombe. Ukuze ususe into, kuyadingeka ukuba uhambise kahle ngeso lengqondo ingqikithi yesayithi, ugobe into bese uyikhipha ngokucophelela emlonyeni.
Uyazi? Inani lemethaneeyabelwe imfuyo yezinkomo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2016, i-UN ecologists iqikelela ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu yawo yonke i-methane ekhishwe emkhathini ibonakala njengomkhiqizo wokubola komquba. Ngokuqondene nama-greenhouse gases, izinkomo zikhiqiza ingxenye yesihlanu yokukhishwa kwamanzi, zihlanganisa inani lezimoto nezindiza ndawonye.
- Ukushisa Le ndlela ifanelekile ukuphoqa into enamathele endaweni ye-larynx. Kudingeka ukuthululela ama-milliliters angu-300 amafutha yemifino emgodini wenkomo, ugobe intamo yayo ngezandla zawo bese ushaya izibhamu emanzini okugwedla kusukela ku-larynx kuya emgqeni ongaphansi. Njengoba ubhalise ukwesekwa komsizi, ungakwazi ukukhipha ulimi emlonyeni wenkomo - lokhu kuzoba ukuvuselela okuphumelelayo kwe-gag reflex.
- I-Puncture It isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho ukuvinjelwa kubangele ukwehla kwamandla emali. Isibhamu sitholwa yi-trocar (isisetshenziswa sokufaka ukungena emzimbeni ngaphandle kokuphula ukuqina kwayo). Le nqubo yenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngudokotela wezilwane.
- Ukusebenza Kungcono kakhulu ekwenzeni umtholampilo wezilwane noma epulazini elixilwe ngokukhethekile nezinto ezivela ngaphandle emathunjini esilwane. Ukusebenza kuhambisana nokujova kwe-intramuscular of substances antispasmodic. Ukukhishwa okuzimele kwezinto zangaphandle ezivela emzimbeni wesisu akuvumelekile.
Umlomo wesilwane kufanele uvuleke kabanzi futhi umcengezi ufakwe emkhatsini wezinsipho ukuze inkomo ingawavali. Amafutha kufanele athulwe ohlangothini lomhlathi. Lapho nje isilwane sishaya ingxenye enkulu, kuyadingeka ukwethula isimiso esikhulu se-caliber kancane futhi ngokucophelela, sishukumisele phansi phansi isisindo. Amafutha azogcoba isisindo futhi adambise i-cap, futhi iphenyo lizolibhubhisa, kanti amathumbu amathumbu azoqala kancane.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokufunda ukuthi kungani inkomo idinga izimpondo.
Amakhambi omphakathi
Ukondla isilwane ehlukahlukene ukuvuselela amanzi kuhlanganisa:
- Inhlanganisela yemvubelo. 200 amagremu envubelo ahlanjululwe ngehora lesitha lamanzi afudumele. Uma imvubelo isibindile, ingeza ama-milliliters angu-250 e-vodka nama-150 amagremu we-fructose noma i-sucrose. Iketshezi elikhulayo londliwa isilwane izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku ngosuku lwesigamu sebheyi ngezinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuqala kabusha kwe-reflex ruminant.
- Chemeritsa. I-tincture yalesi sitshalo ixubene namanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1 nesigamu sebheyi inikwe isilwane kabili ngosuku.
- I-tincture ye-garlic. Ingxenye yelitha le-vodka ixubene namakhanda amabili egarlic ehlutshiwe futhi eqoshiwe. Ingxube elandelwayo ingeniswe ihora elilodwa futhi inkoma idakiwe kabili ngosuku, 250 ml ngesikhathi.
Njengoba, ngemva kokuxosha isikhumba, isisu siqala ngokwayo, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukuvuselela okwengeziwe. Kulolu cala, ukusikhipha kwe-fossa elambile ngemuva kwesandla noma isibhamu esiqinile, kanye nokusebenza okusebenzayo kwesilwane amahora angu-3-4 emva kokuqaliswa kokuqaliswa.
Kubalulekile! NgaphakathiUmoya uphambanwe nge-probe ngemuva kokuphuza amafutha noma uketshezi olushukumisayo kuzosiza ukwandisa izindonga zesisu noma isisu esiswini futhi kuzokwenza kube lula ukusunduza isisindo sokudla. Ungabuye uthele ama-2-3 amalitha amanzi afudumele nge-probe: uzofaka ingcindezi ezindongeni zesisu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukwandise ukubonakala kwawo.
Ukuvinjelwa kwesisu, okubangela ukuthi isisu siyeke, siphelele futhi asiphelele. Ngokuvinjelwa okuphelele, isilwane kumele siphulukiswe ngosuku olulodwa. Uma ukuvinjelwa okungaphelele emathunjini kunesibani esincane esingaphansi kwamanzi, ngakho-ke kuyamukeleka ukwenza ukwelashwa kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3.
Ngokushesha isisu siqala futhi, kunciphise amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ze-pathological and the appearance of complications in it. Yondla izinkomo zakho kuphela ukudla okuphezulu futhi uhlole ukudla ukuba khona kwezinto zangaphandle ukuvimbela isisu ukuba singagcini, futhi ungawuqala kabusha.
