Iphakathi mhlawumbe, isihlahla sesibili esithandwa kakhulu emva kwesihlahla sama-apula, esakhula ngabalimi abaqeqeshiwe nabalimi be-amateur emazweni amakhulu aseRussia kanye nalawo ayekade eyingxenye ye-USSR. Lesi sihlahla sabonakala kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezici ezimbili - ikhono lokukhuthazelela izimo ezinzima zombili zomhlaba ophakathi nendawo engasenyakatho (ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezithile ezinamathele emakhazeni), kanye nenambitheka kanye nephunga elingenakulibaleka lezithelo eziphakathi kwezithelo, ezihlanganisa futhi igcinwe ngokuphelele, isetshenziswe kalula futhi ingasetshenziselwa nje kuphela njengesisekelo se-dessert neziphuzo, kodwa futhi njengezithako ezibalulekile ezihlukahlukene eziyisisekelo izitsha, amasobho kanye Ungadla.
Uyazi? AmaGreki asendulo ayesebenzisa amapheya ukuze aphathe ukugula nokunye ukuhlukumeza, futhi baphatha leli fetus ngokuzinikela okunjalo kangangokuthi bazinikela ngisho nonkulunkulukazi ababili abahlonishwa kakhulu, uGena no-Aphrodite.
Kuye lapho izivuno zivunwa, lezi zihlahla zihlukaniswa ngehlobo, ekwindla nasebusika. Ukukhula okuphakathi kwe-"Otradnenskaya", okuzoxoxwa ngezansi, kuwela ngoSeptemba, okusho ukuthi leli peyari lingezinhlobo zekwindla.
Umlando wokudala izinhlobo zamapheya "Otradnenskaya"
Iphakathi kwe "Otradnenskaya" waxoshwa eMoscow Agricultural Academy. KA Timiryazev. Ababelethi S.T. U-Chizhov no-S.P. I-Potapov, abalobi bezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi ze-pebri ezivame kakhulu (isibonelo, Rogneda, Moskvichka, nabanye), zamukelwa njengomphumela we-hybridization we-Forest Beauty nezinhlobo ezingaziwa kakhulu zamapheya. Ngo-2000, lezi zihlukahlukene zazifakwe kwiRejista Yombuso Yokufinyelela Kokubeletha kweRussia Federation eNyakatho-West, E-East-Siberian naseCentral Black Earth.
Izimpawu nezici zezinhlobonhlobo
Ikhasi "Otradnenskaya" linokuhlolwa okusemthethweni: ukubukeka - amaphuzu angu-4, izithelo - 3.7-4 amaphuzu. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zezinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana kakhulu nezifo, ikakhulukazi isikhumba, ubuciko, nokuqina okubandayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sihlahla sizitshalo, sibonisa ukuhluma okukhulu kakhulu phakathi ne-perefilming. Ama-pollinators anjengokuthi "Izintandokazi Yakovlev" nethi "Chizhovskaya" zibonise njengama-pollinators.
Incazelo yomuthi
Ukuphakama komuthi we-pear Otradnenskaya kuyinto evamile. Umqhele wezihlahla ezincane ufana nomngcwabo, nakuba uneminyaka yobudala iba yindilinga noma i-oval, yesimo esingavamile. Akunzima kakhulu, kodwa kunamaqabunga amaningi amnyama amnyama emagatsheni. Uhlobo lomuthi luyinto evamile, amagxolo e-trunk namagatsha omzimba wamagala anambala amnyama (amagatsha alula). Amagatsha amagundane ane-trunk enza i-angle enhle, ngenxa yokuthi angawaphula nini ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Isihlahla sinomzimba omncane, ogobile, ophakathi nendawo. Imvamisa ye-ejection yamahlumela iphansi. Ufihlekile obumnyama, ngokuphambene, uphapheme ngokuphelele, futhi ubukeka bufana ne-cone, kancane kancane kuvela egatsheni.
Amaqabunga anesimo se-oval elongedwe nelincane elincane elinemiphetho ejijiwe kanye ne-petiole ende. Zisindayo, zisezingeni eliphansi futhi zibushelelezi kulokhu okuthinta. I-inflorescences iyibhulashi le-5-7 efihlekile ezimhlophe, futhi kamuva - izimbali eziphakathi nendawo njengezimbiza ezinamacembe ezikhula ndawonye emaphethelweni. Izithelo ze-pear "Otradnenskaya" ziboshelwe ikakhulukazi amahlumela amancane namagatsha amancane.
Incazelo yezithelo
I-pear echazwe iqala ukuthela izithelo eneminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu. Ubuningi bamapheya wezinhlobonhlobo "Otradnenskaya" aludluli ku-150 g, ukuze zingadala izinkinga ezihambisana nokuwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izithelo zinomumo ohlangene noma we-linguoconical, umbala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlangothini olubomvu. Emva kokuvuna, ukuvuthwa kwamapheya, ukuguqula ophuzi ogcwele ngokugcwele obomvu. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo kuphakeme ngokwanele, inyama ilukhuni futhi imnandi, kuyilapho izithelo ezithwala izithelo zizinzile, futhi isivuno sepeyari "Otradnenskaya" sidlula isilinganiso ngokubukeka.
Abalimi abaningi abayithandi lokhu okuhlukahlukene ngenxa yokungabi namanzi amaningi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zithelo zinephunga elimnandi eliphakathi kwe-pear, nakuba ukunambitheka kunabathandi abancane: izithelo ezivulekile eziwela emlonyeni akujabulisi wonke umuntu. Ukuqina kobudlelwane kunikeza ukuthutha okuhle kwe-Otradnenskaya pear.
Amanye ama-nuances okutshala izithombo zama-pear "Otradnenskaya"
Kungcono nini ukutshala
Ukutshala izinhlobo ze-pear "Otradnenskaya" kungenziwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kanti nezithombo ezikhulile ezigulini, zitshalwe nganoma iyiphi inkathi efudumele. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma ukutshala ngesikhathi sekwindla kunethuba lokuthuthukiswa okuncane komuthi. Kule ndaba, abalimi abaningi batusa ukutshala ipey entwasahlobo, ngisho noma isithombo sithengwa ekwindla.
Esikhathini esilandelayo, ilula kancane iphosa emgodini ongajulile, ukuze umuthi omncane uphonseke emhlabathini ngecala elibukhali. Izimpande zesithombo kufanele zimbozwe kahle ngamaqabunga, i-agrofibre, utshani, i-sawdust noma ezinye izinto ezitholakala. Entwasahlobo, ukusikeka okunjalo kugujwa ngokucophelela, kuhlolwe nganoma yimuphi umonakalo (kufanele kususwe) futhi utshalwe endaweni elungiselelwe.
Lapho kungcono ukutshala
I-Agrotechnics pear "i-Otradnenskaya" ibandakanya ukukhetha okulungile indawo yokutshala isihlahla, ngoba hhayi kuphela impilo yayo nokuphila isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi ubungakanani nezithelo zezithelo okuzokujabulisa ngazo kuxhomeke kuyo. Naphezu kokuthi ezihlukahlukene ezicatshangwayo azifani ngokuthuthukiswa okukhulu nokukhula, kungcono ukhethe indawo yomuthi lapho ungayikucindezelwa omakhelwane bawo. Kubalulekile nokuba nokukhanyisa okuhle nomoya omusha ozovutha isitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Kuyiphutha ukukhawulela isikhala esiseduze ne-pear encane enezinhlaka ezihlukahlukene, izicingo noma ezinye izihlahla, njengalokhu kulesi sihlahla ngeke sikwazi ukwakha umqhele oqondile, sizoqala ukungena ngokungaqondakali ilanga, okuzokwenza kube nzima ukuthinta umsebenzi we-fruiting.
I-pear echazweyo ayifuni kakhulu ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi, kodwa uma inhlabathi isiphelile kakhulu, ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele ihanjiswe ngezihlanganisi eziwusizo kulesi sitshalo.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Ngokutshala amapheya "Otradnenskaya" ukhethe isisindo esincane. Isihlahla esingaphezu kweminyaka emibili singase singagcini, futhi ngokunyuka kwesikhatsi sepeyari, amathuba okufakelwa okuphumelelayo ancipha. Ngemuva kokukhethwa kwe-seedling kanye nendawo ye-pear, kubalulekile ukumba umgodi mayelana no-0.8 m ububanzi no-1 m ubujamo obujulile. Uma uhlela ukutshala izihlahla eziningana, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele libe okungenani ngamamitha amathathu.
Isisindo somhlabathi sihlukanisiwe futhi sihlanganiswe nama-organic fertilizer. (humus - 10 l, superphosphate - 0.25 l, potashi usawoti - 0.15 l, umlotha okhuni - press 3-4). Okulandelayo, phansi kwegodi, kuyadingeka ukwakha umquba omncane owenziwe nge-cone enhlabathini evundile, ukuwuphazamisa kancane bese ubeka imbewu engaphezulu ukuze izimpande zawo zigezeze le nkinga yokufakelwa.
Khona-ke udinga ukufafaza ngobumnene umgodi ngenhlanganisela evundile evundile, ushiye intamo impande ngamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphezulu. Lokhu kudingekile ukuze kungapheli emhlabathini emva kokuphuza, lapho umhlaba uzolungisa kancane.
Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile ukucwilisa umgodi ukuze ngaphakathi akuzange kuhlale abaxhumanisi bomoya, kungenjalo izimpande zomuthi zizoqala ukubola, kanti ipeyari izofa.
Uma ugoba umgodi emgodini, vimba isiyingi esiseduzane ukuze amanzi ahlale ngaphakathi kwawo. Ukwakheka kocingo olunjalo ungasebenzisa inhlabathi engenalutho, ngaphambilini eyigwetshiwe emgodini wokutshala izithombo. Khona-ke, umuthi otshalwe kufanele udonswe ngobuningi futhi uboshwe emgodini oqoshiwe ohlangothini lwawo ukuze ulondoloze emanzini amakhulu. Ikhonkwane kumele ingcwatshwe emhlabathini ukuze ingaxhumani nensimu futhi ayilimazi uhlelo lwayo lwempande.
Amanye amathiphu ekunakekeleni ikhasi elilodwa "Otradnenskaya"
Ukunakekela ithini lamapheya "Otradnenskaya" akulona kunzima kakhulu futhi akufani kakhulu nokunakekelwa kwezinye izinhlobo zamapheya. Kodwa-ke, kule nqubo kukhona namanje ama-nuances athile okufanele abhekwe njengendlela yokulima engadini.
Ukuphatha nokuvikela amapheya ezinambuzane nezifo
I-Pear "i-Otradnenskaya" itholakala njengezinhlobonhlobo ezingenakuzithoba, ngakho-ke umuthi uzinzile ngokumelene nezifo nezinambuzane, nakuba izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezivamile zingenakwenzeka.
Ngentwasahlobo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba isitshalo sesungule izinso, kufanele siphofwe ukuze sigweme ukutheleleka okulandelayo. Isisombululo se-ammonia ayishumi esiphathelene nalesi sizathu, ngoba sisusa kokubili izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene nezinambuzane zesifo se-fungal ne-bacterial. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba ziqhume futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalo, leli peyari lifakwe kabili ngamalungiselelo ezinambuzane ukuze livikeleke kumakhiza, ama-ternnars namabhu. Empeleni, ukucubungula izinkuni kuphelile lapha. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinambuzane nezifo zithinta kakhulu izihlahla ezinganakiwe, zihlala emagqumeni ahlanjululwe, izithelo ezibolile noma ezingekho ngaphansi kwesihlahla, njll.
Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu yokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane ukuhlanza izihlahla zamagxolo nezihlahla ezivela emanzini, ukhula, izithelo ezibolile, ama-mosses nama-lichen. I-crark efile kufanele ihlale ikhunjulwa, futhi izindawo ezingenalutho kufanele ziphathwe ngesisombululo se-3% se-sulfate esinefri. Le nqubo yenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Uma amaqabunga noma ama-ovari ashintshwe yizinambuzane atholakele esihlahleni - kumele asuswe masinyane futhi ashise, khona-ke kukhona ithuba lokususa inkinga ekuqaleni. Lapho izithelo ziqala ukwakha, utshani ngaphakathi kwendilinga ye-trunk akufanele lukhule, kodwa ukuhlwanyela, kodwa inhlabathi akufanele iguqulwe. Njengesiyingi sokuvimbela, kunconywa ukuthi kukhishwe i-pear ngenhlanganisela yobumba kanye ne-lime ngo-1: 1 isilinganiso. I-iron sulfate (i-0.1 kg ngalinye ngo-10 l) iphindwe nesisombululo esilandelayo.
Indlela yokuqhuba ukuchelela
Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuqapha njalo, kodwa kufanele siphuze njengoba kudingeka. Ngemva kokuchelela, ukuze ugweme ukufudumala komswakama, inhlabathi kufanele ikhululwe. Ukumba imibuthano ye-pristvolnyh (ngaphambi kokuhluma) kuvumela umswakama ukungena kahle emhlabathini. I-pear ayibekezelelisi i-overmoistening; ngakho-ke, kunelungelo lokunisela umuthi omdala kanye ngenyanga, futhi ngisho nangesikhathi esingaphansi kwesimo sezulu.
Kuthiwani nokuthi nini ukupha
Ukondla amapheya "Otradnenskaya" kufanele kwenziwe njalo. Khona-ke umuthi uzothola ukudla okunomsoco omuhle futhi ulethe isivuno esihle. Ekubeni, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyadingeka ukuze lesi sitshalo senze izinkuni ezingcono futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, kulula ukubekezelela amaqhwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphate.
I-nitrogen ayidingi kule nkathi yenkathi, njengoba ikhuthaza ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela amancane, akufanele ngokuphelele kusihlwa ebusika. Amaminerali amaminerali angcwatshwa emkhatsini womjikelezo wesiqu kuya ekujuleni kwe-20 cm, bese aphuziswa futhi afafazwe ngobuningi bomhlabathi. Ukugqoka i-Spring kuvumela ukuthi isihlahla siphume kalula embusweni we-dormancy ebusika bese ufaka isigaba sezitshalo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, amaparele adingekayo e-organic and mineral (kuhlanganise ne-nitrogen). Ukudla okungeziwe, uma kunqatshelwe, kungenziwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo, okuzocebisa umuthi ngezakhi kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithelo.
Indlela yokuqhuba izihlahla
Ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala, kutholakala insimu encane yonyaka ukuze ukuphakama kwayo kungadluli ku-1 m, futhi zonke iziqu ezitholakala engxenyeni engezansi yomuthi kufanele zisuswe. Ngonyaka olandelayo, inqubo iphindaphindiwe. Uma isithombo sineminyaka engama-2 ubudala, emva kokutshala sekusekwa, nakuba kungenjalo kakhulu (cishe 1/3 yokuphakama). Ukudubula kuyadingeka ukuze lesi sitshalo sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande.
Esikhathini esizayo, leli peyari kufanele livunyelwe ukuzimela ngokuzimela umqhele, ukungenelela okungadingekile kungalimaza umuthi kuphela. Ngokushesha nje uma ikhasi elifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala (lokhu kungenzeka eneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala), ukusika izihlahla zomuthi kuyenziwa, lapho amagatsha amakhulu aphethwe khona futhi awonakele.
Ukudubula kwezihlahla zakudala kuyadingeka ekuvuseleleni kwabo. Ukwenza lokhu, usike ithiphu, bese uqeda ukucwiliswa. Okokuqala, amagatsha omisiwe, amadala namagatsha angenayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela anqunywa ukuthi akhule ngokufana nesiqu noma ngeso lengqondo kakhulu (ajwayele ukuphula ngaphansi kwesisindo sesithelo). Amagatsha asele anganciphisa u-¼ ubude bawo.
Uyazi? I-pear akufanele ihlulwe endaweni ebandayo, isihlahla sibekezelela kakhulu inqubo enjalo. Ukudubula kungenziwa ekwindla, kungakapheli kukaSepthemba, noma entwasahlobo, lapho umoya nomhlabathi kushushu.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa nokugcinwa kwezithelo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-pear "Otradnenskaya"
Izithelo eliphakathi kwe "Otradnenskaya" livuthwe ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba futhi ngalesi sikhathi zingasuswa kakade. Kodwa-ke, ukuthenga ukunambitheka okuphelele komunwe we-pear, kudinga ukuvuthwa amanye amaviki amathathu ngemuva kokuvuna. Ngokuvamile, amapheya wezinhlobonhlobo ezichazweyo agcinwa okwesikhashana, okungcono, kuze kufike Unyaka Omusha, futhi anikeze ukuthi izithelo zibekwa ezikhwameni futhi zisendaweni epholile. Ekamelweni elifudumele, amapheya agcinwa isikhathi esincane kakhulu futhi ahlahloke ngokushesha.
I-fragility yokugcina amapheya "i-Otradnenskaya" ihlawuliswa ngokuphelele ngezindlela eziningi zokucubungula nokuvunwa kwayo. Amajaji, amakhemikhali, ama-jams, ama-compotes avame ukwenziwa ngezithelo, angase anziwe noma aqhwaqwe, futhi iwayini elenziwe ekhaya kanye neziphuzo ezinamandla ezenziwe yi-pear ziyiziqhenya ezihlukile zendawo ehlala ehlobo.
Ukulungiselela izihlahla ezincane eziphakathi kwebusika
I-Pear "i-Otradnenskaya" inokumelana nokushisa okunzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke inqubo eyinhloko edingekayo emthini ekulungiseleleni ubusika ukuvunwa kwamahlamvu e-opal nezithelo ezimisiwe ngokushisa kwawo okulandelayo. Njengoba u-scab cishe ungalimazi lolu hlobo lwezinto eziphakathi kwamaparele, ukuphamba okuvamile okuvimbela ezinye amapayipi kungagwenywa. 
Kodwa-ke, izithombo ezincane ngokuvamile azilungele kangcono ukushisa okukhulu kunomuthi omdala, ngakho-ke udinga ukunakekelwa okungaphezulu. Ngemuva kwehlobo elishisayo, inhlabathi kufanele iyanconywe kahle, ngoba, lapho isemhlabathini owomile, lesi sitshalo sibekezelela kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpande zomuthi zingafudumala ngamaqabunga awile noma ezinye izinto ezifakiwe (kodwa hhayi kuphela ngotshani, ngoba indawo eyintandokazi yamagundane aqhwaza ebusika).
Ukuze uvikele emagundeni nakwezinye izinduku, ezihlambalaza emagqumeni enzalo encane ngenjabulo, kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela ngendwangu yokugqoka noma inetha. Uma entwasahlobo kuvela ukuthi leli peyari lisafriziwe ngaphezulu, amahlumela okushintshwa kufanele aqiniswe endaweni enezingqimba (eziboshwe noma ezesekelwa), ngaphandle kwalokho ama-ovari angeke abe phezu kwawo.
Ngokuvamile, singasho lokho Izinhlobo zePear "Otradnenskaya" Kuyinto enhle kunazo zonke kulabo abangathandi izithelo ezithambile kakhulu, bahlala ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu zezulu futhi bangakulungeli ukuthungatha izihlahla ezinomuthi futhi ezingenasisekelo.
