Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho usuku luqala kancane kancane, izinkukhu zibonisa izimpawu zokuqala zokuziphatha.
Banda kancane kancane, ngakho-ke umlimi kumele adle izidleke kule henhouse lapho izinkukhu zizobeka khona amaqanda. Kodwa kanjani ukuqoqa kahle nokuwagcina?
Amaqanda enkukhu ahlala endaweni ekhethekile emndenini wesintu, ngakho-ke abalimi baqhubeka benza umsebenzi wokukhetha ekukhetheni ama-hens amahle kakhulu ukuze bathole inani elikhulu lamaqanda.
Abanye abalimi bezinkukhu ezinomkhumbi bazala izinkukhu endaweni yezilimi zasemakhaya, kodwa uma kwenzeka ukuzalisa amateur akuzona njalo kungenzeka ukugwema isikhathi sokuthola amaqanda, ngoba cishe izinyoni azigijimi ngenkathi ebandayo.
Yingakho kunenkinga yokugcina amaqanda isikhathi eside, esukela ekwindla ngasekupheleni kwebusika.
Indlela yokugcina amaqanda ezinkukhu?
Amaqanda abekwe izinkukhu ahlanzekile ngokuphelele ngemva kokuvela esidlekeni, kodwa izincane zezinkukhu zizifaka kancane kancane.
Iqanda elisanda kumiswa linokushisa okufanayo njengomzimba wenkukhu, ngakho kuyashisa kakhulu. Kancipha kancane kancane okuqukethwe kwayo kwangaphakathi kunciphisa ivolumu. Ekupheleni kweqanda, lapho kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-pores, kuvela isikhala somoya.
Kanye nayo, amabhaktheriya angena eqanda, okuyizimo ezifanele zokuhlala eqanda. Inqubo ye-bacteriological invasion kwenzeka phezu kwamahora ambalwa okuqala emva kokubeka iqanda. Ngenxa yalokhu, izidleke zidinga ukugcina ukuhlanzeka okukhulu.
Amaqanda angagcinwa ngokuphephile kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-5. Lokhu kuphila kwamasheya ezinkukhu ngeke kuphazamise inani lokudla okunomsoco, kanye nokuhlukumeza kwezinkukhu.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amaqanda ayadliwa kangcono izinsuku ezintathu emva kokubeka, njengoba iqanda kufanele liqale inqubo yokuvuthwa.
Kukholelwa ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi ukunambitheka kwe-isikhupha kuba mnandi futhi kuqala ukufana ne-nut. Uma amaqanda agcinwa isikhathi eside, ukuhluleka kwezinkukhu kuzoqala ukwehla ngo-2 noma 4%.
Iqoqo
Amaqanda enkukhu avame ukuqoqwa kabili ngosuku.
Isikhathi sokuqala senziwa ekuseni, ngenkathi sisondla izinyoni, futhi sesibili - ntambama. Lokhu kuvumela umnikazi wezilwane ukunciphisa ubungozi bamaqanda okuphalaza kanye nokungcola ngokweqile kwegobolondo.
Kungcono ukuqoqa amaqanda ngezandla ezihlanzekile.ukuze kungabikho izinyunyana ezincane ezingalungisa okuqukethwe kwayo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka, amaqanda athathwa kuphela ngeminwe emibili ekupheleni okubuhlungu nokubukhali. Uma kwenzeka iqanda lithathwa ngesandla sonke, igobolondo elincanyana elivikela iqanda ezivela ezincane ezincane lizosuswa, okuyokwandisa ithuba lokungena kwamabhaktheriya.
Ukudla
Kulula kakhulu ukugcina amaqanda okudla kunokuqeda amaqanda. Kwanele ukuwagcina esitsheni esihlanzekile ekushiseni okungaba ngu-0 ° C. Ngaphambi kokubeka esiqandisini, amaqanda ahlanzwa ngokucophelela ekungcoleni ngendwangu, njengoba izicucu ezingcolile zizoqala ukuwohloka ngokushesha.
Lapho ukhetha amaqanda ukuze udle kufanele uhlole igobolondo labo ngokucophelela. Akufanele kube khona ukulimala kuso. Amaqanda enkukhu angcolile akumele ahlanzwe ngamanzi, njengoba ifilimu evikela iqanda kusuka kubhaktheriya ingena.
Ukufakelwa
Amaqanda okufakelwa ukufakelwa ngaphakathi adinga izimo ezikhethekile zokulondoloza, ngoba ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa kwesikhathi eside kukhona inqubo engaguquki yokuguga, okungasithinta kakhulu ukuhluleka kwezinkukhu.
Inani leqanda elimhlophe ne-yolk liyancishiswa ngenxa yokukhuphuka okusebenzayo komswakama ngokusebenzisa amagobolondo amaqanda.
Izinga lokukhuphuka kwamanzi lixhomeke kakhulu kumswakama okujwayelekile kanye nokushisa kwemoya ekamelweni, kanye nekhwalithi ngayinye yamaqanda.
Uketshezi olukhukhulayo lukhuphuka ngokushesha, okuholela eqinisweni lokuthi i-air bag eqanda yandisa ivolumu yayo, futhi ubukhulu beqanda buba buncane. Ngokuqondene nokuhlushwa kwesawoti, kwanda, okunciphisa ithuba lokuzalisa inkukhu.
Ukuze agcine umswakama emaqanda, kumele agcinwe ekamelweni lapho ukushisa komoya akukwenyuka ngaphezu kwe-18 ° C. Umswakama ohambisanayo kufanele ungabi ngaphezu kuka-80%.
Indalo ye-microclimate
Ezimweni zemvelo kunzima ukudala i-microclimate enhle ngempela yokuqanda amaqanda.
Kulokhu kufanele sisebenzise ukushisa okufakelwayo ebusika nokupholisa ehlobo.
Izibani zamagesi neziphepheli zingasetshenziswa njenge-heater, futhi isiqandisini esivamile noma i-coil eyenziwe ngamapayipi ifanelwe ukupholisa. Kumele abe nokuxhumana nomshini wokubhukuda ukuze amanzi abandayo angadlulela emaqanda.
Ngakho-ke ukuthi umswakama womoya uhlala njalo ezingeni eliphezulu. asetshenziselwa ukujwayela umoya. Uma engekho uhlelo olunjalo, khona-ke ngaphansi kobuso lapho amaqanda alala khona, kufakwe amathreyizi agcwele amanzi.
Kulesi simo, umswakama womoya ulawulwa kalula ngendawo enkulu ebusweni.
Igumbi
Kungcono ukugcina amaqanda amaqanda ekamelweni elimnyama ngesistimu yokuvuthwa kahle. Kumele balele ngokuqondile, futhi ukuphela kwabo okungahambi kahle kuyoba phansi.
Uma amaqanda ngaphambi kokufakwa ku-incubator azohlala ezinsukwini ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu, khona-ke kudingeka adluliselwe, kungenjalo i-yolk izonamathela kugobolondo futhi iqanda lizobe lingenakusetshenziswa.
Ukufudumala
Ngeshwa, okuqukethwe kweqanda njalo kuhambisana nezinguquko ezihlukahlukene ezingenakuguqulwa.
Uma umfuyi wezinkukhu usazodinga ukwandisa impilo yamahala amaqanda ngezinsuku ezingu-20, izimo kufanele zibe kanje: nsuku zonke amahora amabili ukuwashisa ku-incubator ku-38.5 ° C.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokushisa, amaqanda afudumele asuswa ekamelweni elinamazinga aphansi okushisa, lapho agcinwa khona ngokuvamile.
Ukushisa kwamaqanda nsuku zonke kungashintshwa ngokushisa okukodwa, okumele kuhlale ngamahora ama-5. Amaqanda afudumele ngokucophelela agcina izimfanelo zabo ezinsukwini ezingu-15 kuya kwezingu-20 ngokulandelana. Ngeshwa, ukungahloniphi kwezilwane ezincane kunciphisa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungabambezeli inqubo yokufakelwa.
Ozonation
Ngokushesha nje, emazweni aseYurophu nakwezinye izinkukhu ezinkulu ze-inkukhu zaseRussia, izinqubo zokwelapha i-ozone zisebenzisiwe ukwandisa impilo yeshalofu yamaqanda okuqothula.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekamelweni lapho amaqanda amanga khona, wabeka encane i-ozone generator, isibonelo i-OV-1. It ubonisa ukuhlushwa ozone of 2-5 amamitha cubic. mg. Lesi sitshalo kumele sihlale si-ozonize amaqanda ukuze singalahlekelwa impahla yabo.
Abalimi bodwa basebenzisa imishini yasendlini njenge-ozonizer, engathengwa kunoma yiziphi izitolo ezinezinsiza.
Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesikhathi umuntu ehlala ekamelweni lapho i-ozonizer isebenza khona, lokhu kufakwa kufanele kuvaliwe, njengoba kuyingozi empilweni.
Tara
Njengesiqukathi, lapho ungafaka khona amaqanda okugcina ama-egg for storage, amabhokisi afanelekile, ahlukaniswe ngamabhodi amancane noma amakhadibhodi amancane ekamelweni, kuye ngobukhulu bamaqanda.
Ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele iqanda lihanjiswe endaweni yalo, njengoba lingalimaza ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokuthutha. Kulo bhokisi, amaqanda ahlelwe endaweni eqondile ngokuphela kokuphela.
Ukuthutha
Amaqanda ezinkukhu azwela kakhulu ukuzamazama, ngakho azibekezeli ukuhamba.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhluleka kwezinkukhu emaqanda okuthutha kuhlale kuncane kunezibonelo ezifanayo ezingazange zithunyelwe. Futhi, ukungahloniphi kuncike kwikhwalithi yephakheji nokukholwa okuhle komdayisi othengisa amaqanda.
Ngokuba ukuhamba kwamaqanda bahlelwe esitsheni esifanele, bese ufaka indawo lapho ukuzamazama kuyobe kungancipha khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukubeka amaqanda ukuze abe ngangokunokwenzeka emthonjeni wokushisa.
Ukupakisha amaqanda, ngokuzithoba uthathe ngezandla ezihlanziwe bese uzifaka nge-gauze elithambile. Isikhala phakathi kweqanda ngalinye ligcwele kakhulu noma yikuphi ukugcwalisa okulula.
Ngemuva kwaloko, ukufakwa kwekhadibhodi ne-grooves kufakwe emaqanda, lapho amaqanda alandelayo abekwe khona. Uhlaka lwe-filler oluphansi lugcinwa phakathi kwezingxenye zekhadibhodi ukuze amaqanda aphule ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
Emva kokugcwalisa isitsha, enye ingqimba ye-sawdust ifakwe phezulu, bese ibhokisi livaliwe ngesembozo futhi liboshwe ngokuqinile ngentambo.
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Kunezindlela eziningi zokupakisha amaqanda okuhamba, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside kumele babe nokufinyelela mahhala emoyeni.
Uma kungenjalo, amaqanda ayawohloka ngokushesha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isitsha sokuthumela akudingeki ukuvala ngokuqinile. Ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukwenza izimbobo ezengeziwe ezithuthukisa ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwamaqanda.
Uma amaqanda esitsheni alala ngokuzungezile ekuxhumaneni kwekhadibhodi, bese edlulisa leli bhokisi noma ibhokisi kumele libekwe ngendlela yokuthi amaphesenti abukhali amaqanda abheke phansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto efiselekayo yokugcina izinga lokushisa elivamile, njengoba izinguquko ezizenzekelayo ekushiseni kungabhubhisa iningi lemibungu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iziqukathi ezinamaqanda okuqothula kufanele zigcinwe ekushiseni okungadluli ku-18 ° C.
Masinyane emva kokuthatha amaqanda endaweni, kufanele ahlale amahora angu-24 egumbini elimnyama ukuze okuqukethwe kwabo kuqiniseke. Ngemva kokuba la maqanda angabekwa ku-incubator.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthutha amaqanda ukuhamba ngamanzi, ngoba okuqukethwe kwabo kulo mzuzu kuncane kuncike ekuthungeni okulimazayo. Futhi kuvunyelwe ukuhamba ngezindiza nangesitimela. Ngokuqondene nokuthutha komgwaqo, ngokuvamile kudlalisa okuqukethwe kwamaqanda, ngakho-ke kudingeka badonwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokufa kwemibungu kumabhomu.
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke, ukuphila kwamashaza amaqanda ekhaya okufakelwa ukufakelwa kanye nezinhloso zokudla akufanele kudlule amasonto amathathu. Kulokhu, izimo ezifanele zokugcina kumele zigcinwe, kungenjalo okuqukethwe kweqanda ngeke kusetshenziswe, kanti ipulazi ngeke ithole inzuzo efanele. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amaqanda ngosuku lwesithathu ngemuva kokuphahlazeka.
