Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo zezitshalo ezitshalwe eRussia, i-pear isithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi. Uyathandwa ngenxa yephunga eliyingqayizivele kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kwezithelo, okuphawulekayo kokubili efomini elisha nelisetshenzisiwe.
Futhi kuyadingeka ngoba ikhula ngokulinganayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zemvelo. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ochwepheshe abaningi yizinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni, ejwayelekile eSiberia.
Lesi sifunda kunzima ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yamavithamini amasha, njalo ehluleka. Ngakho-ke, "Kupava" itholakala ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yayo izakhiwo ezinempilo kanye nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
Uhlobo luni?
Iphakathi kwe "Kupava" kungokwesigaba sezinhlobonhlobo ezihloselwe ukulima kahle eSiberia naseTrans-Urals.
Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo "kwendawo" kubeka izidingo ezikhethekile kunoma yisiphi isitshalo ngokusinda nokukwazi ukunikeza isivuno esikhulu sokukhiqiza izithelo ezimweni ezinzima zezulu.
Lezi zidingo zihambisana ngokugcwele nezinhlobonhlobo ezicatshangwayo, okungukuthi ekwindla zakuqala nasezinhlobonhlobo ezithandekayo.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele kwezithelo zawo siza maphakathi no-September. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yezinhlobonhlobo, kucabanga ukuthi empumalanga yezintaba zase-Ural ngalesi sikhathi amaqhwa amabi aqala ezindaweni eziningi kakade.
Ukuvuthwa kokuqala "Kupava" ikuvumela ukuba uqoqe isivuno esiphezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibanda.
Ukuzithandela le peyari, enikezwe i-geography yokusatshalaliswa kwayo, nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sici sokukhulelwa, lapho kutholakala impova ngenxa yempova yayo, kuvumela isitshalo ukuthi singathembeki emazwini asezulu aseSiberia.
Ngenkathi ngesikhathi sezimbali zifika ngokubandayo futhi imvula enkulu, lapho umoya ovuthayo kanye nokungabikho kwezinyosi nezinye izinambuzane ezivundisa impova ziphazamisa ukuvota kwemvelo evamile, ukuzala "kudoba" sonke isitshalo.
Yiqiniso, ukuzikhiqiza kwe-Kupava kunomphumela omubi. Ngalesi simiso sokuvuna impova, uma kuqhubeka, ukuqina nokuqina kwesihlahla kunganciphisa. Kodwa le nkinga ingamiswa ngokutshala izihlahla zezinye izinhlobo ezizodlala indima yezidakamizwa ezengeziwe eduze nale peyari.
Izinhlobo ze-autumn ze-autumn nazo zihlanganisa: i-Larinskaya, i-Svarog, i-Perun, i-Samara Ubuhle ne-Fairy Tale.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Hlunga "Kupava" kwaba yasungulwa ngo-1971 ku-M. Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture (Barnaul).
Amasiko kwakuwumphumela wokuwela izinhlobo "Isihloko"futhi"Izintandokazi Clapp".
Ukukhethwa kwenziwa yilabo ososayensi: I-Puchkin (ikhanda), M. Borisenko, E. Karataeva, I. Kalinina. Njengamabanga akhe amaningi, uPuchkin, umkhulumeli omkhulu kanye nomthandi wezinkolelo zamaSlovic, wanikeza intsha Igama lesiRashiya elidala lembali enhle yamanzi.
Wonke umsebenzi wawuhlose ukwakha isiko elizoqhathanisa kahle neyendabuko ethi "Lukashovka" eSiberia - izinhlobo eziphakathi kwezilwane ezakhiwe ngumzalisi owaziwayo A. Lukashov ngaphansi kwezimo zendawo futhi ahlukene ukukhuthazela okuhlekodwa hhayi ukunambitheka okungcono kakhulu.
Efomu eliphelile "Kupava" itholakele ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, izinga elihle lokugcina, izithelo ezinkulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo nazo zingaziqhenya kakhulu: Krasulia, Lada, Decakrinka, Dessert Rossoshanskaya no-Ilyinka.
Nakuba iKupava yavuswa ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, iminyaka eminingi eyadlula kuze kube yilapho ngo-2000 ayifakiwe kwiRejista kaHulumeni futhi zoned by Isifunda saseNtshonalanga yaseSiberia.
Iphakathi kwe "Kupava": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe
Iphakathi kwe "Kupava" inezici ezilandelayo zesakhiwo:
- Isihlahla Ihlukana ngokulinganisa (ezimweni ezingavamile - ukukhula okungenani ngaphezulu).
- Krone, amagatsha. Inomumo obanzi kakhulu. Crohn ngokuvamile kaningi kakhulu.
- Amahlumela. Ngokuyinhloko iqondile, elincane, elibomvu elibomvu ngombala. Izithelo zokukhiqiza zitholakala ngokuyinhloko ngendlela elula futhi eyinkimbinkimbi yamagatsha angu-3-5 cm ububanzi obuphelela emipulini yezimbali noma ze-apical.
Amahlamvu. Ngokuvamile, kanye namagatsha amaningi yakha umqhele omkhulu womuthi.Zihlukaniswa ngokuma nxazonke kwepuleti yobukhulu obuphakathi.
Ngokuvamile ubushelelezi, amaqabunga aluhlaza abumnyama agcinwa emagatsheni anama-petioles amade, amancane.
- Izithelo. Ubukhulu bamapheya buphakathi (ngezinye izikhathi buphansi noma buphakeme kunezinga elijwayelekile). Esinye isithelo sinesisindo esivela ku-85 kuya ku-100 g (ezimweni ezihle kakhulu, amapheya angathola isisindo sibe ngu-150 g).
Ngokuyinhloko, izithelo zihluke ngokucophelela, okungafani ne-oblique, engabangezi ekukhangeni kwabo okubonakalayo. Esiqongweni sesithelo kukhona ukubalekela okubukhali. Isithelo sithandeka ekuthinteni, ngekhanda elibonakalayo nelesikhumba esinamafutha.
Umbala omkhulu wepey "Kupava" umbala ophuzi wegolide. Ngokuvamile ingxenye yesithathu yendawo yayo yonke igcwele ukubopha obomvu. Phezu komntwana wesibindi kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezincane ezingaphansi kwebala elihlaza.
I-pear e-asymmetrical igcinwe kwisitoreji eside, esineqile. I-saturation yejusi yenyama enombala omhlophe isilinganiso. Ngaphakathi kwe-pulp, ezinqolobaneni zezinhlanzi zalolu hlobo oluvaliwe, kukhona imbewu enemibala enombala obomvu.
Amahlamvu. Ngokuvamile, kanye namagatsha amaningi yakha umqhele omkhulu womuthi.Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo futhi ubone amapheya "Kupava" esithombeni ngezansi:
Izici
Ngokugcwele fruiting pear ezihlukahlukene "Kupava" iqala kusukela eminyakeni engu-4-5 ubudala. Isici sezinhlobonhlobo yilo fruiting ejwayelekile, futhi "Kupava", njengombuso, unikeza unyaka ngamunye ukuvunwa kahle. Kuyiqiniso, angeke neze abizwe ngokuthi ukhululekile - kunalokho isilinganiso.
URogneda, Yakovlevskaya, Chizhovskaya, uNika noFerya nabo bangabasezingeni eliphezulu.
Enjalo enhle isivuno esilinganiselwe ngokuvamile ngenxa yenani elincane lezithelo. Iqiniso liwukuthi umthamo wemali yaminyaka yonke uthonywe kakhulu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, isici esisodwa esithile esiyizinto ezihlukahlukene ze "Kupava".
Ngokwezinto eziningi ezibhekwa ngabalimi nabalimi, inqwaba yamapheya emagatsheni athile cishe njalo ihambisana nokungabi khona kwabo ngokuphelele kwamanye amagatsha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo ngokwabo hhayi njalo enkulu (njengombuso, lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezimweni zezulu ezingavumelekile iminyaka).
Noma kunjalo, abalimi abaningi bakhula ngokuzithandela lokhu kuhlukahluka, ngokusekelwe ekuvuneni okuncane kakhulu, kodwa ngokunambitheka kwe-Kupava izithelo.
Futhi banakho ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu kakhuluwabo inyama igcwele ijusi eliqabulayo. Izithelo ezinjalo zifana kahle uma ziqedile futhi zilungiselela ama-compotes ahlukene, amakhemikhali kanye nezinye izidakamizwa.
I-pear variety "Kupava": incazelo yezinto ezakhiwa ngamakhemikhali
| Ukwakhiwa | Inombolo |
|---|---|
| I-Sahara | 11,5% |
| I-acid titrated | 0,33% |
| I-ascorbic acid | 11.0 mg / 100 g |
| Ama-Tannins | 104 mg / 100 g |
Ngokuba "Kupava" nazo ziyizici izinga elihle lomkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvuthwa maphakathi no-Septhemba, izithelo zawo zingagcinwa esimweni esihle kakhulu ngaphandle kwesiqandisisi amaviki amabili, futhi zifakwa efrijini kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-1.5-2.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, naphezu "kohlamvu lwaso lwaseSiberia", lokhu kuhlukahluka kulahlekelwe ngandlela-thile ebusweni bakhe obusika kanye neSiberia "Lambovovka" wendabuko. Abalimi kufanele baqaphele ukuthi isithwathwa esinzima esihlahleni sinengozi enkulu. Kodwa hhayi ebandayo kakhulu "Kupava" ihlala iyaneliseka.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukutshala kwenziwa noma entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Indawo ephelele yalokhu ingaba isakhiwo engadini, okuyinto ikhanyiswa kahle ilanga, iqukethe inhlabathi e-loamy futhi lapho amanzi emhlabathini engasondeli khona emhlabeni.
Ukuze umlimi uhlomise umgodi ukujula okufanele kufinyelele ku-1 m, nobubanzi - 70-75 cm. Emgodini otholiwe ngaphambi kokuthululelwa Amalitha angu-10 wamanzi anezibuko ezimbili ze-lime fluffy zihlanjululwe kuso.
Umgodi ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele ume ngesonto nengxenye. Uma utshalwa, izimpande kufanele zimbozwe umhlaba ugobe kusuka kulo mgodi bese uxubene nawo Amabhakede amabili ama-humus yemifino, amabhakede amabili wesihlabathi esivamile kanye nengilazi ye-superphosphate.
Ngemuva kokufaka umquba emgodini, izimpande zawo zihlanganiswe nenhlanganisela yenhlabathi nomanyolo. Pristvolny umbuthano ngobumnene uphawu futhi Thela amabhakede amabili amanzi. Indawo yokunisela ilandela Qinisekisa ukuthi uyasakaza - ufafaza ungqimba lwe-humus eyomile.
Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwezihlahla eziphakathi kwamapheya kuhlanganisa ukuchelela njalo, ukufaka umanyolo emhlabathini nokudla, ukwenza izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezilwa nezilokazane, ukusika izihlahla.
Ngokusekelwe ezigabeni zezulu zendawo yokufika, umuthi ufudumele ubusika (Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezincane).
Njengoba ukwakheka komqhele kuvamile ngokwemvelo, lokhu kuhlukahluka ngesikhathi sokuphila akudingi izihlahla ezinkulu. Kodwa ukukhuthazwa kokuqala ukunikeza le nqubo kusalokhu kuwufanele.
Ngakho-ke, eneminyaka engu-one ubudala ubudala ekuphakameni kwama-50-60 cm ukusuka ebusweni bomhlabaLokho kuzosiza esikhathini esizayo ukuthuthukisa phezulu kwesihlahla.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo zamaparele "Kupava" cishe Ukuvimbela 100% izifo ze-fungal.
Ukusongela kwangempela isivuno kanye nesitshalo esingaba khona kungenye ukuhlaselwa - i-pear moth (Carpocapsa pyrivora).
Ngaphandle kakhulu okukhumbuza i-apple moth, lokhu kuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane kuphela ngamapheya. Ama-butterfly amabhu abeka amaqanda abo esikhunjeni sezithelo (amaqanda angama-50-70 avela kuvemvane ngalinye) engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-6-10 emva kwalokho, izibungu ezifakwe emgodini wombala omhlophe ongena emzimbeni we-pear bese zingena ezinqolobaneni zembewu. Lapho badla "isidlo" sabo esikhulu - imbewu ephakathi.
Ngemuva kwenyanga yokudla emaphethweni wepeyari, izibungu ezikhulile zivela esithelweni futhi, zihla, zifihle emhlabathini. Emhlabathini, amacimbi enza ama-cocoons, lapho kamuva ebusika. Entwasahlobo, umjikelezo omusha wale nkathazo uqala ngokuhamba kwamabhotelafri amasha avela emakhakheni.
Ngokuvamile, izithelo ezilimazwe yizi zinambuzane zoma futhi ziwa. Ukugwema lokhu, i-moth kufanele ilwe.
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yizo izindlela ze-agrotechnical: ukubhujiswa kwezinsalela zezitshalo ezithathelwanayo, i-propashka irowu-spacings, ukucubungulwa komhlabathi kwamakhemikhali emkhakheni we-trunk. Ukukhulula inhlabathi kungcono kakhulu okwenziwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho kutholakala khona ukwakheka kwe-pupal.
Enye indlela ukwelashwa kwezinkuni nama-insecticide. Ukwandisa umphumela walendlela, izihlahla kufanele spray benzophosphate ngaphambi kokuqala kokubeka amaqanda ngamabhotela (cishe izinsuku ezingu-35-40 emva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuvuna kwesihlahla).
Kulesi simo, ukubeka amaqanda kuthola izithelo eziphathwe ngamakhemikhali anobuthi, kanti izinambuzane ziyafa.
Izinhlobo ezinjalo zamapheya ziphikisana nezinhlobo ezithile zezifo: Pamyat Zhegalov, Tonkovetka, Yanvarskaya, Gera naseKathedral.
Iphakathi kwe "Kupava" - isitshalo esihle se pear esinezithelo ezinhle kakhulu. Kodwa ukuze uzijabulele, kuzodingeka usebenze kanzima.
