Phakathi kwezitshalo zezithelo ukulandelana okunamandla Isihlahla se-Apple endaweni kanye nezitshalo kuthatha indawo yokuqala.
Kuzo zonke izivande zasemuva cishe ukufika kwezingu-80% - lokhu yisihlahla sama-apula.
Izinzuzo zama-apula ziye zaziwa isikhathi eside. Izinhlobo ezintsha ze-hybrid zikhonjiswa njalo.
Enye yalezi zinhlobonhlobo Ubusika obuphakathi- incazelo nesithombe kamuva kusihloko.
Uhlobo luni?
Ubusika obusika buvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa Izindawo zaseMoscow, eTambov, eKaliningrad naseLeningrad.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ebusika, ukuphepha kwesithelo kuhle.
Kuhle kakhulu kulondolozwe kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.
Izinhlobo zasebusika zihlanganisa uRenet Simirenko, Utes, Fuji, uJubile waseMoscow noLobo.
Incazelo izinhlobo Grushovka Winter
Cabanga ngokwehlukile incazelo yokubonakala komuthi nesithelo ngokwawo.
Umuthi uphansi kakhulu umqhele oyindilinga namaqabunga amakhulu.
Ayifani nokuphikiswa kwamaqhwa. Ukuthela izithelo iqala eminyakeni engu-4-5 ngemuva kokufika. Ukukhiqiza kuhle.
Izithelo zikhulu kakhulu, zincipha kancane, Umbala okhanda okhanda nge-carmine strokes.
Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu, ama-apula anamanzi.
Izivuno ezinhle kanye nokunambitheka okukhulu kuboniswa yiBryansk, Marina, Altai Rumyana, izinhlobo zeNastya kanye ne-Orlinka.
Umlando wokuzala
Lokhu ezihlukahlukene zenziwa ngo-1957 umfuyi owaziwayo S.F. Chernenko.
Ibanga litholakala ngokuwela I-Kronselsky ebonakalayo nePyars yaseMoscow.
Ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene azitholakali ngoba ubusika obunzima obubusika kanye nesifo sofuba.
Kodwa, ngenxa yomkhiqizo omuhle kanye nekhwalithi, futhi unelungelo lokuhlala ezigodini zensimu.
Isandla somfuyi ofanayo sikaRennet Chernenko, uJuly Chernenko, uKandil Orlovsky, u-Anis Aly no-Altai Bagryanaya.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Ubusika bezinhlanzi - izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zenziwe eRussia ephakathi.
Ngenxa yokungahlali kweqhwa, kungakhula izindawo ezingaseningizimu.
Futhi kusakazwa eBelarus nase-Ukraine.
Ukuthela
Ihlukana nokukhiqiza okuphezulucishe 90-100 kg. kusuka esihlahleni. Ukuvuna ekupheleni September - Okthoba.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-2-3 zokugcina, ukunambitheka kuthuthukisiwe. Izithelo ngonyaka.
I-Grushovka yaseBusika ikhula kahle eduze kwe-pollinators yayo: Anis Striped, Antonovka, Papirovka, Autumn Striped, Cinnamon Striped.
I-apole kuphela-impova uhlobo olufanayo lwezimbali. Ngakho-ke, la ma-apula angcono atshalwe ngokulandelayo.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Lapho ukhetha isayithi lokutshala, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukukhululeka, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, njll.
Uma inombolo ikhula kahle amapheya, ama-oki, i-rowan, ama-maple nama-lindenskhona-ke kuyoba kuhle ukukhulisa i-apula.
Awukwazi ukukhetha ukutshala amathanga avaliwe.
Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwe-apula kusukela ekukhukhuleni nasekuqhumeni.
Kungcono ukhethe ukuhlala endaweni engenzi indawo, kodwa izintambo eziphansi.
Umhlabathi omuhle kunazo zonke wezihlahla ze-apula yi-sod, sod-podzolic, i-sod low- ne-medium-podzolic, i-loamy elula ne-sandy loam.
Ungafaki izingadi emhlabathini onesihlabathi.
Kungcono ukutshala izithombo entwasahlobo kodwa ekwindlacishe inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kwaleli qhwa. Kodwa entwasahlobo akudingekile ukulibazisa ukufika.
Ukuze kwenziwe ukutshala kwentwasahlobo ngesikhathi, wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela kufanele wenziwe ekwindla. Amathangi ngaphansi kwezithombo kufanele abe nemithambeka emide, U-80-100 cm ububanzi nobubanzi obuyi-50-70 cm.
Izitshalo zifakwa emgodini 3-4 izinsuku ngaphambi kokufika. Emgodini owodwa olungiselelwe yenza cishe u-30 kg. humus Yenza umquba omusha akufanele ube. Umgodi wenziwa emgodini owumile ukuze izimpande zomuthi zibekwe kuwo.
Ukufika kungcono ukufeza ne-garter stakes izithombo. Lokhu kuzobanika ukuzinza ekuqaleni kokukhula nokuthuthukiswa.
Ukubalwa kuqhutshwa ngaphambi kokutshala, khona-ke umuthi we-apula uqobo utshalwe. Isigxobo sabekwa esigxotsheni senyakatho, ukuvikela isithombo esiqhumeni neselanga.
Ukufika kufanele kube ngokujulile, ngezingqimba zomhlabathi eceleni kwemingcele yomgodi. Ngokushesha ngemva kokufika endaweni yokuphumula 20-30 l. amanzi. Ngemuva kokungena amanzi i-mulch compost kanye ne-humus. Emoyeni eyomile, manzi izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ezinsukwini ezingu-12-15.
Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, umswakama omuhle womhlabathi kuyadingeka. futhi ugcine uhlanzekile kokhula futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zikhululiwe.
Umanyolo awusetshenzisiwe ngalesi sikhathi.
Lapho kuqala iqhwa, izihlahla zomuthi ehlanganiswe ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu esivikela ama-rodents.
Izihlahla zokuqala yenza ukuvumelanisa amagatsha nokwakhiwa kwesiqu esikhulu.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, usike amagatsha ohlangothini: phezulu - 1/3 ubude, phansi akuthinti.
Isiqu esikhulu sikaGrushovka sinqunywa 30-35 cm ngaphezulu kunamagatsha ohlangothini. Ukunciphisa kwenziwa entwasahlobo.
Ngonyaka wesibili, entwasahlobo, i-spruce isuswe, inhlabathi iyabanjwa futhi ikhuliswe ngama-humus kude no-30 cm ukusuka esihlahleni.
Entwasahlobo bayengeza umanyolo we nitrogen, emanzini okuwa-phosphorus-potassium.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenzeka ngaphambi nangemva kwezimbali. Ekwindla bamba ama-aisles.
Izihlahla zomuthi kuze kube yiminyaka engu-5 ugobile, bese ukhahlekile. Ungakhohlwa ngokuhlanganisa iziqu ebusika.
Eminyakeni elandelayo ukuziphatha ukugqoka i-potassium ne-phosphorus njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4, kanye ne-nitrogen fertilizer - ngonyaka. Ukungcoliswa okungezona impande kwandisa isivuno nokuphikisana nezifo. Njengoba kudingeka ukuthi wenze izihlahla.
Buka ividiyo ngendlela yokuvikela izithombo kusuka kumagundane.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinambuzane ze-Apple zihlanganisa:
- Umkhiqizo wezithelo ezimnyama, umklomelo obomvu we-apple Amahlamvu ayamangalisa. Ukulwa nemikhaza, faka isihlahla nge-chamomile noma ukumnika ugwayi entwasahlobo. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ungasebenzisa i-karbofos engu-10%, ngemuva kokuchichima - ukucubungula isibabule se-colloidal. Amagatsha abonakalisiwe anqunywa futhi ashiswa.
- Isembozo sekhasi se-Apple. Lapho usebenzisana nezibungu, ukuchithwa komlotha namanzi ase-soapy kwenziwa. Umuntu omdala uphelelwa umusi wokubhema.
- I-apula eluhlaza we-apula, i-apula elibomvu le-peach. Ungayilwa ngokuphalaza ama-karbofos, amanzi ase-soapy, noma ama-infusions kagwayi, i-garlic, i-pinine izinaliti. I-barrel ihlanjululwe futhi igcwele.
- I-Apple enamandla okushisa ama-shchitovka, ama-silkworm aqoshiwe, inundu yasebusika, ama-leafworm, i-apple moth, i-apple moth, i-apple sawfly, izithelo ze-sapwood. Izindlela zokulawula zifana okufanayo: ukupuniza, ukusika izihlahla, ukufaka umhlabathi eduze kwesiqu nokudala amabhande akhethekile, ukugcoba.
Ubusika besikhumba, nakuba kungaphansi kweMoscow, kodwa futhi ukujwayela isikhumba kanye ne-powdery isikhutha. Kwangathi futhi ingathinteka umdlavuza ovamile kanye nezithelo zokubola.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukufafaza i-Bordeaux ingxube, izigqoko zokugcoba ezimhlophe nge-addition sulfate yethusi, ukusetshenziswa okufika ngesikhathi kokufaka umquba wamaminerali, ukusika izihlahla namagatsha athintekayo.
Into esemqoka ekukhuleni i-apula kuyinto ukunakekelwa okufanele (ukutshala, ukuchelela, ukudla nokulwa nezifo). I-apula ayiyona isiko esinzima sokukhula futhi kufanelekile kubantu balimi beqalayo.
