I-Apple ehlukahlukene ingenye yeziningi kakhulu izimpumelelo zanamuhla zokuzalanisa.
Lona luhambo oluhamba ngezinyawo, ehlobo, ezihlukahlukene ezinikezelayo.
Isiqondiso sokuzalisa izinhlobo ze-triploid sisha, asikho ngaphezu kwamashumi ambalwa eminyaka ubudala.
Izihlahla ze-Apple ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo zinakho amasethi amathathu ephelele ama-chromosomes, ngokungafani nejwayelekile - i-diploid.
Izithelo zazo zikhulu kakhulu kunokujwayelekile futhi zibonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Incazelo eningiliziwe nezithombe kulesi sihloko.
Uhlobo luni?
Ezihlobo zasehlobo zama-apula. Namuhla abalimi baseRussia bred izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 ezihamba ngezinyawo.
Kulezi, eziyisithupha zidlulile izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi zifakwe kuRejista Yombuso, futhi lokhu kungenye yalezi zinhlobonhlobo.
Izimo zokugcina ze-apula amaningi zifana.
Izithelo eziqoqiwe ngokucophelela zihlola ngaphambi kokugcina, ukuhlunga, ukhetha impilo enempilo kakhulu.
Noma yikuphi ama-apula anemivimbo yezinxephezelo noma i-spoilage ahlehlisiwe ngokudla ezinsukwini ezizayo noma ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhemikhali.
Kusukela emaspini amanzi ama-apula uthola ijusi elimnandi, futhi emva kwesikhashana - cider okumnandi noma ezinye iziphuzo.
I-jam ne-jam enhle kakhulu enziwe ngama-apula alolu hlobo, benza ukugcwaliswa okumangalisayo kwama-pie.
Ukugcina kahle ama-apula kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwavikela ekungeneni okunamandla nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Ukushisa ekamelweni, phansi noma kwelinye igumbi kufanele lihlale. mayelana nezingadi zero, badinga umoya omuhle.
Ama-apula agcinwa emabhokisini asepulasitiki, amapulangwe noma ama-plywood, ngokuvamile asebenzisa amabhokisi amakhono amakhadibhodi.
Ebusika kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhlunga nge-apula egcinwe ngesandla, ngesikhathi sokususa zonke izithelo eziqale ukuwohloka.
Funda ngezinhlobo zehlobo zase-apula: i-Melba, iGorno-Altaisk, iGornist, uPapirovka, uRobin.
Ukuvota
Naphezu kokuthi izinhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula ezinama-triploid zinamazinga aphakeme kakhulu okuzakhela, umuntu akanakuthembela ngokugcwele ekutheni impova.
Ngakho-ke Kunconywa ukutshala ezinye izihlahla ze-apula eduze kwezinhlobonhlobo, izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ze-diploid.
Incazelo yebanga le-Apple Spas
Ungacabangela ngokwehlukana indlela umuthi ubheka ngayo, futhi kanjani-ama-apula ngokwawo.
Isihlahla esinomqhele omkhulu, omuncu namagatsha asezindaweni ezide kakhulu.
Lezi zihlahla ze-apula zinegxolo elibushelelezi, amaqabunga aqondile ombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomkhonto okhanyayo ophezulu kanye ne-petioles, onqenqemeni lwe-wavy.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-apula amakhulu - ngaphezu kwama-gramu angu-200, nxazonke, ngekhanda elibushelelezi.
Umbala uphuzi ngendwangu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umbala ophezulu ubonakala njengezimpawu ezibomvu ezibomvu ezibomvu.
Lo mbala uthatha cishe ingxenye yesibili noma ngaphansi.
Amaphuzu avela ngokucacile.
Inyama inomsoco kakhulu, ubukhulu bayo buphakathi, ayishintshi ngesikhathi sokugcina.
Umbala we-pulp ukhanyisa kakhulu, nge-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Izinhlobo zasekhaya - iKrasnodar (SKZNIISViV).
Izinhlobo zabazali - Apple Trees Amaphepha we-tetraploid futhi Redfrey.
Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, kufaka phakathi ukukhethwa kwezithombo, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenziwa e-Orel ngesisekelo se-VNIISPK.
Abalobi bezinhlobonhlobo yiqembu laba ososayensi eliholwa Evgeniya Nikolaevich Sedov.
Ukuzikhethela kwezihlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokukhethwa yi - ukumelana nesikhumbalokho okushiwo i-Vf gene ekhethekile.
Igama lezinhlobonhlobo lihlobene neholidi lama-Orthodox i-Apple igcinweokuyinto okwabalelwa ngo-Agasti 19.
Ngalolu suku, izithelo zaleso sivuno esisha zazingcweliswa.
Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ngaphambi komkhosi wokuhlanjululwa awukwazi ukudla ama-apula nezinye izithelo.
Funda konke mayelana nezinye izinhlobo ze-Agusus apula ezinhlobonhlobo ezintathu.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
KuRejista Yombuso ka Isifunda somhlaba oMnyama Omaphakathi ibanga kufakwe ngo-2009.
Ukuguquguquka kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezinye izindawo zaseRussia, kuhlanganise naseSiberiaKuphumelela kakhulu.
Hlunga ubonisiwe ukumelana nokushisa okuhle. Ngenxa yokuhlola izithombo ngamaqanda ama-25 degrees, kubonakala ukuthi ukulimala okuncane, okubuyiselwayo kwezicubu kanye nezimila zemifino.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nebanga lokulawula ukuphikiswa kweqhwa kwakubhekwa njengephezulu.
Ama-spas ahlukahlukene e-Apple anconywa ukuzalana okubanzi phakathi kweRussia.
Umsebenzi owengeziwe uhlelwe ukwandisa ukuqina kwawo kweqhwa.
Ukuthela
Imithi inikeza isivuno esihle ekuqaleni, ngakho Apple igcinwe okubhekiswe ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo.
Ukwandiswa komkhiqizo kuneminyaka yobudala bomuthi.
With apula izihlahla ubudala kusukela eminyakeni engu-7 ingaqoqwa ngokujwayelekile ngaphezu kuka-45-50 kg yezithelo.
Isikhathi sokuvuna sincike esifundeni, kodwa lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili ka-Agasti.
Funda ngezinhlobonhlobo eziphezulu zokunika izihlahla ze-apula: i-dessert Antonovka, Gala, i-Winter Grushovka, i-Lyubava, i-Kuibyshev, Indodakazi ka-Pepinchik.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ukuphumelela okhethekile ekukhethweni kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo kwakuwumkhuhlane wakhe, okuwukuthi, ophelele ukuzivikela komzimba.
Lesi sifo esiyingozi sefungal yonke indawo sabangela ukulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kwezitshalo ze-apula ezivunyiwe, ikakhulukazi esimweni esinomanzi nesomanzi.
I-Vf yegciwane ibhekene nokuzivikela komzimba (zonke izinhlobo ezi-5 ezaziwayo) futhi zikhona ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zama-apula azilima eminyakeni eminyaka edlule, futhi i-Apple igcine - kufaka phakathi.
Ochwepheshe babiza izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula ezingenakuzivikela: zibaluleke kakhulu ekuzaleni. kunciphisa isidingo sama-pesticides futhi kunomphumela ozuzisa kakhulu emvelweni isifunda ngasinye.
Ama-spas e-Apple nawo abizwe ngokuthi yizinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zensimu entsha enomdlandla.
Ngokwe-academician E. N. Sedov, okunjalo ingadi inikeza ukubuyisa okusheshayo ngokutshalwa kwezimali ezincane.
Emasimini anjalo kuhlelwe ukusebenzisa izihlahla ze-apple ze-columnar kanye nezihlahla ezimpandeni ezinamazinyo, okuyinto elula kakhulu ukuvuna.
Inhlanganisela ye-triploid ene-immunode ukukhwabanisa, kanye nokubekezelelana okukhulu kwe-frost, yenza kube lula ukukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Apple ezisindiswe njengezethembisayo kakhulu.
Ukuvunwa okuphezulu kuhlanganiswe nokunambitheka okukhulu kakhulu kwama-apula anamanzi, anomsindo, amnandi.
Buka amavidiyo ngendlela yokukhiqiza ukusika izihlahla ze-apula.
