Kungani izintuthwane zivela nokuthi zingabakhiphela kanjani kule ndawo

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, safundiswa ukuthi izintuthwane ziwuphawu lomsebenzi onzima nokubekezela. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, konke kwakungelula kakhulu ... Njengoba bezitholile lezi zinambuzane ebhodini elithandayo, elikhohliwe etafuleni, noma ukubukela amakholomu amnyama amancane emithini engadini, umuntu akanakusiza ukucabanga ukuthi abadlali abasebenza ngokuzikhandla abahlali bezimenywa njalo. Yini okunye kubo: okuhle noma ukulimala, kufanelekile ukulwa nabo nokuthi ungayenza kanjani - ake sibheke lesi sihloko.

Okuqukethwe:

• Esikhathini
• Ngaphakathi endlini
• Silahla izintuthwane ensimini, engadini, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo
• Bait
• Amakhemikhali
• Ukupheka kwabantu
• Izindlela zemishini
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi atholakalayo
• Indlela yokususa izintuthwane efulethini noma endlini yangasese
• Amakhemikhali nokusebenza kwawo
• Amakhambi omphakathi
• Indlela yokuvimbela ukubukeka kwezintuthwane ezweni: izinyathelo zokuvimbela
• Engadini nasensimini
• Ngaphakathi endlini

Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwezintuthwane

Ukuba khona kwezimbungulu ze-nimble kunezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.

Esikhathini

Umsebenzi wezintuthwane unomphumela omuhle emasimini nasemasimini ethu:

1. Ziyizitha zemvelo zezimbungu, izimpungushe zezimpukane, ama-slugs kanye nemikhaza. Ngakho-ke, izintuthwane esiteshini zinciphisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinambuzane ezinambuzane.
2. Izisebenzi ezincane zimba nsuku zonke amashumi namakhulu emigudu engaphansi komhlaba, ngaleyo ndlela inikeza i-aeration ephezulu yezingcingo. Ngeminyaka engu-2-3 yomsebenzi kusayithi, bayakwazi ukugcwalisa umhlabathi nge-oxygen 1.5 metres ejulile, ngenkathi ukwandisa umhlabathi umswakama okuqukethwe kuze kube 90%.
3. Izintuthwane azikhipha kuphela umhlabathi, kodwa futhi ziwondla izakhi. Ngenxa yobukhona babo, izinga le-potassium ne-phosphorus kwifomu elungulwayo likhula izikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-10, okwenza kube nokwanda kwenzalo yezitshalo kusayithi.
4. Izintuthwane nazo zibandakanyeka ekusatshalazweni kwembewu yezitshalo ezihlukahlukene. Kwezinye okusanhlamvu, uhlobo lwemvelo luye lwadala ama-appendages anambithekayo ezintuthwane, eziheha lezi zinambuzane. Badla imbewu ye-thyme, i-celandine, ama-violets anempepho, ama-wintergreens, njll, bese ewasabalalisa kude nomhlaba oyinhloko.

Uyazi? Ososayensi baye balinganisa ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, izakhamuzi zenye i-anthill zibhubhisa kuze kube yizinambuzane eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2 ezinambuzane ngosuku olulodwa lwehlobo.

Kodwa ama-nuances athile omakhelwane nezintuthwane awasebenzi kahle:

1. Ukuba khona kwabo kwandisa ubuhle bomhlabathi, futhi akuzona zonke izitshalo ezithandayo.
2. Bakha ama-anthill eduze komthombo wokudla okungenzeka, ngakho-ke kuvame ukutholakala ukuthola amagquma avela phakathi kwe-sitrobheli ezihlabayo noma eduze kwezitshalo zezimpande. Kusuka endaweni enjalo, izitshalo ziwela ngokushesha ekudleni.
3. Ama-ant coloni amakhulu akwanele ukudla okuvamile, futhi aqala ukudla imifino egcwele ushukela namajikijolo (izaqathe, ama-strawberries, ithanga).
4. Ngesinye isikhathi, esikhundleni sezinhlamvu ezidinga ukusakazwa, izintuthwane zingadla izinto ezihlwanyelwe ngokushesha, ngenxa yokuthi isivuno esizayo sibhekene kakhulu.
5. Bavame ukudla imbewu yokhula, bese besakazeka phezu kwesiqephu futhi banikele ekungcoleni kwendawo.
6. Futhi izintuthwane zezimbongolo ziyingozi emithini. Omunye umndeni wabasebenzi abanjalo uyakwazi ukushintsha ngokushesha isampula enempilo ibe uthuli. Futhi bangakwazi ukufakaza ifenisha yokhuni.
7. Izintuthwane zamasimu nezindidi ziyisisindo esisebenzayo sama-aphid - isitha esikhulu sokuvuna okucebile.

Kubalulekile! Ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinambuzane zizama ngisho nezimbali, ikakhulukazi zithanda ukudla ama-rosebudi amnandi nama-peonies. Izimbali ezithintekayo zilahlekelwa ukubukeka kwazo okuhle noma ziphele ngaphandle kokudalula.

Kodwa kukhona lawa ma-comrades hhayi kuphela kusayithi.

Zijwayele ngemilayezo yokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezintuthwane "Izintuthwane" ne "Anteater".

Ngaphakathi endlini

Emigodini ehlelekile yezindlu zokuhlala izintuthwane ezibomvu ezakhiwe, abathandi abakhulu bemfudumalo kanye nezinto ezihlukahlukene. Bahlala kuwo wonke amakoloni, bahlala ezindaweni ezikude, lapho banda khona ngokushesha. Bayihlolele ngemuva kwamabhodibhodi, ngeziphazamisi ezihlanganisiwe ngisho nakuzihlanganisi. Bathuthela ezindlini zabantu ngokufuna amaprotheni nama-carbohydrate, ngakho-ke izintuthwane zisebenza ngokukhethekile:

• idiphozi izitsha ezingcolile emgodini;
• izinhlanzi zesinkwa phansi noma etafuleni;
• amabhakede agcwele udoti, okwesikhathi eside angeke kube yingozi ukulahla;
• vula izitsha zoshukela noma izithelo.

Bavame ukulethwa ngefenisha entsha, bangakwazi ukufuduka emakhelwane babo, abenza ukungcola. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izintuthwane zigijima kanjani endlini yakho, kufanele uziqaphele ngezizathu ezinjalo:

1. Ezimweni zokuphila, zingabathwali abathintekayo bokutheleleka kanye nama-bacterium ayingozi. Namuhla, inhlanzi encane efuna ukudla idlula nxazonke zebhan noma idons, futhi kusasa isivele ishayela etafuleni lokudlela, ithwale amagciwane.
2. Lawa angama-comrades abathandekayo, ahudula izinsalela zokudla zibe ngamabheji abo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zitshalo ziphenduka inhlabathi ezuzisayo yefungus kanye nenkuni.
3. Izintuthwane ziyizinambuzane ezihlanzekile. Abaqedi isidleke sabo, bakhetha ukunikeza izindawo ezikhethekile zalezi zidingo. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zindawo zingaba ngelawusini ngezolimo noma ekamelweni labantwana.

Amakhemikhali afana ne-Fufanon, boric acid kanye ne-ammonia angakusiza futhi ukuqeda izintuthwane.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze unakekele ngempilo yabathandekayo, kungcono ukuqeda izilwane ezifuywayo.

Silahla izintuthwane ensimini, engadini, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo

Esigodini samanje wanamuhla amathuluzi amaningi okuqeda izinambuzane ze-nimble. Ezinye zazo zinabantu abaningi, abanye basebenza ezimweni lapho kudingeka khona ukuthatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo nezisemqoka.

Kubalulekile! Ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala zokubonakala kwezintuthwane endaweni, qalisa kancane ukubhekana nabo. Uma kungenjalo, inani labo lizofinyeleleka ngesikhathi sokurekhoda, bese kube nzima kakhulu ukuqeda.

Bait

Okuyinhloko yomsebenzi weso sidakamizwa ukuthi inambuzane, kanye lapho, ayikwazanga ukuphuma. Ukuphumula kungathengwa noma kwenziwe ngesandla.

Ngaphezu kwezintuthwane, i-dacha yakho nayo ingengozini yezinambuzane ezifana: aphid, slugs, bark beetle, nematodes, spider mite, cockchafer kanye beetle emhlabathini.

Izingibe ezithengiwe zize ezikhethweni ezilandelayo:

1. Ibhande elinamathele. Ziphelele "ukuvikelwa" kwezitshalo ezithile noma izihlahla. Lezi ngamateyipu, okusobala okuhlanganiswe ngxube lezintuthwane ezinamathele futhi ezihlwabusayo. Ukunamathela kanye, izinambuzane ngeke zikhishwe. Izimali ezinjalo zilahlwa, kodwa izindleko zabo zifanelekile.
2. Izicupho zikagesi. Lezi zimboni ezincane zisebenza kusukela ekutheni amandla (ngezinye izikhathi ngamabhethri) futhi ashaqele izinambuzane eziseduze. Kubantu noma izilwane ezifuywayo, ukukhishwa kwabo kungabonakali, futhi izintuthwane ezibulalayo.
3. Amadivayisi we-Ultrasonic. Umsebenzi wabo awuyikubulala, kodwa ukuxosha abaqashi abangafuneki. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ugibe olunjalo luveza ibheyi evelele, ezwa kuphela yizinambuzane.

Ukuthengwa kwezinhlanzi kuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha futhi ngokuphumelelayo, kodwa inani labo alihlali likhuthaza ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kule ndaba, izicupho ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zilungile - kuphela amaminithi ambalwa azosetshenziswa ekuwenzeni:

1. Thatha ibhodlela lepulasitiki kuze kube ngu-2 amalitha ngomthamo. Sika intamo bese ubeka ujamu noma uju ngezansi. Izindonga ngaphakathi kumele zigcotshwe ngamafutha we-sunflower noma i-petroleum jelly. Izintuthwane zizokhuphuka ngaphakathi, zikhishwe amaswidi, kodwa ngeke zikwazi ukushiya itanki.
2. Ukuthengwa kwe-tape yokunamathisela kushintshwe ngempumelelo ngetayipi evamile emaceleni amabili. Namathisela ambalwa ezimbalwa phakathi kwezintuthwane, futhi phezulu faka amaconsi ambalwa isiraphu sojuju ukuheha.

Uyazi? Izintuthwane zibhekwa njengezihlakaniphile kakhulu phakathi kwezinambuzane, ngoba ubuchopho babo buba nenani elikhulu lamangqamuzana - 250,000.

Izinguquko ezivame ukuhamba zivame ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwazo. Lezi zixhobo zihle ngoba azilimazi abantu nezilwane ezifuywayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo zilahla izintuthwane phakathi nesonto. Into esemqoka - ukuwashiya eduze nendawo ehlosiwe yezinambuzane.

Ividiyo: izindlela ezintathu zokuqeda izintuthwane

Amakhemikhali

Amakhemikhali kanye nama-poisons nje yilokugcina okulwa nokulwa nezintuthwane, ngoba zibhubhisa izinambuzane ezizuzayo ngesikhathi esifanayo (isibonelo, izinyosi). Ngesinye isikhathi ngisho nezilwane ezifuywayo zibhekene nezinambuzane, funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Kusukela ekubukeni kokusebenza kahle, kufanelekile ukukhetha amakhemikhali angenzi ngokushesha, kodwa isikhathi esithile. Inambuzane, esebenzise lesi sidakamizwa, ikwazi ukufinyelela esihlahleni bese ihlasela abantu abasele. Namuhla emakethe kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinambuzane, kodwa konke kusekelwe ezimbonini ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo:

Izintuthwane ezitsheni zokushisa, esakhiweni nasensimini ziletha izinkinga eziningi.

Diazinon. Isebenza ohlelweni lwezinzwa zezinambuzane, okuholela ekukhubaleleni nasekufeni okuqhubekayo. Amathuluzi athandwa kakhulu asekelwe ku-diazinon:

1. "Ama-Medvetok". Kuthengiswa ngendlela yama-granules, okwanele ukwandisa eduze kwezintuthwane noma izitshalo eziseduze, ngesilinganiso esingu-20 g ngalinye nge-10 sq. M. m. Umphumela wezenzo zabo ubonakala ezinsukwini ezingu-3-5.
2. I-emulsion egxilile "i-Anteater". I-1 ml yetshezi ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, futhi lo mqulu ukwanele endaweni engamamitha ayi-square. Ngenxa yokuhlushwa okuphezulu, umphumela utholakala kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-1-2.

Kubalulekile! I-Diazinon isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izimpande izinhlelo. Ngemuva kwenqubo eyodwa, lesi sitshalo sivikelwe ezinambuzaneni Amaviki angu-2-3.

I-Chlorpyrifos. Lesi sitho kuqala sihlasela amaphaphu, bese sibhubhisa isimiso sezinzwa zezintuthwane. Inhlabathi esetshenziswe yiyo izovikeleka ezinambuzaneni zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-1-2. Kukhona amakhemikhali ngendlela yama-gels nama-powders:

1. "Absolute". Leli gel lifakwe ngokushesha emigodini yepulasitiki encane. Bakwanele ukuvula nokufaka imigwaqo embi. Amamitha ayi-square. M ngokwanele izingcezu 2-3, kodwa umphumela kuzodingeka ulinde izinsuku ezingu-10-12.
2. "Delitziya". Isidakamizwa sithengiswa ngefomu le-powder, i-gramu engu-1 eyanele kumitha elilodwa lesikwele. Emva kwamasonto amabili ngeke kube khona ukulandelela kwezintuthwane.

Amakhemikhali ayingozi hhayi izinambuzane kuphela - angalimaza ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, ezinye izindlela eziningi kangaka zivele emisebenzini yabantu.

Ukupheka kwabantu

Inzuzo enkulu yalezi zindlela ilula futhi ifinyeleleke, ngokuhambisana nokusebenza kahle.

Funda ukuthi ungathola kanjani izinambuzane, izimbungulu nezinsebe.

Izindlela zemishini

Emasimini nasemasimini ukubhubhisa izintuthwane akudingekile. Ngezinye izikhathi kwanele nje ukuwavikela ezitshalweni nasezihlahleni. Ukwenza lokhu kuzosiza:

1. Imifula yamanzi. Zenziwe ngamathayi omdala endala. Isibungu esilandelayo sihlela ngesikhathi sokupheka esizungezile isitshalo bese sigcwalisa ngamanzi. Inambuzane engeyona indizayo ayikwazi ukunqoba umkhawulo onjalo. Esikhundleni samathayi afanelana nanoma yimaphi ama-gutters, ifilimu yeplastiki nezinye izinto ezingenawo amanzi.
2. Izindophi zemikhakha. Ngokukhiqiza kwabo, okokuqala sikhetha lokho okushiwo: ibhodlela leplastiki, ifilimu noma i-foil. Khona-ke, ekuphakameni kwama-20-30 cm, sisusa amagxolo, siphathe indawo ehlanjululwe ngobumba nge-humus noma ubumba, bese kuthi kusukela ekukhethweni okukhethiwe sakha isigodi esizungeze isiqu esinesisekelo esikhulu kuya phezulu. Ngesivinini esinjalo izinambuzane azikwazi ukulimaza umuthi.
3. Ukuqedwa kwe-anthill. Izitshalo ze-Ant zihlale zibonakala njengezintabeni, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyithola kusayithi. Abaningi bakhetha ukuwagcwalisa ngamanzi abilayo noma umlotha oshisayo ukubhubhisa izakhamuzi ze-nimble. Nokho, asikho isidingo sezinyathelo ezinzima kangaka. Mane nje ubambe isidleke bese uyisusa kusayithi. Yenza emva kokushona kwelanga, lapho bonke abahlali bebuyela "endlini". Ngokushesha thuthela i-anthill ebhakedeni, bese usuka kusayithi. Ukuze bangabuyeli endaweni endala ngephunga, uthele amanzi abilayo phezu kwalo.

Uyazi? Izintuthwane zizwa izinyawo namadolo, zithatha ukunyakaza kwenhlabathi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi atholakalayo

Izintuthwane ziyizidalwa ezinobuthakathaka, futhi kulula ukubhekana nabo ngosizo lwamathuluzi atholakalayo asesayithi ngalinye:

1. Izindwangu zamatamatisi. Sekuyisikhathi eside kuqaphela ukuthi izisebenzi ezincane zigwema imibhede yezitholela utamatisi, zisabela kabi ku-asidi nokuhogela utamatisi. Vele ubophe iziqu zemithi eneziqu ezinomsoco noma uzibeke eceleni kwezitshalo ofuna ukuzivikela. Ngaphandle kokuqongwa kwamatamatisi, i-garlic ne-parsley zisetshenziselwa injongo efanayo.
2. I-Cinnamon Iphunga elinamandla lezinsipho lizokwenza izintuthwane zihambe ensimini uma zifafazwa ngephunga elimnandi kunoma yikuphi futhi zifinyelele kuyo.
3. I-boric acid. Enye yezindlela eziphumelelayo kakhulu ngokumelene nezinambuzane. Wafafaza i-anthill, ngemva kwalokho izakhamuzi zayo zafa ngesikhathi esifushane.
4. Insipho yokuhlanza. Ngesisekelo saso balungiselela ithuluzi elihle kakhulu elikwazi ukuvikela izihlahla ensimini. Ngama-alitha angu-10 amanzi, qhafaza u-400 g wesepha kanye no-2 tbsp. l i-carbolic acid. Bese wengeza u-10 tbsp. l i-diesel. Hlanganisa kahle ingxube futhi uhlanganise kahle iziqu. 2-3 zokwelashwa okunjalo kuzodingeka, kodwa emva kwazo izintuthwane zizoshiya isayithi.

Uyazi? Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe izigidi ezingu-1 izintuthwane ngomuntu ngamunye emhlabeni.

Indlela yokususa izintuthwane efulethini noma endlini yangasese

Ukususwa kwe-disinfection ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala kudinga ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kwezinqubo zokuqaliswa kwayo. Ama-insecticide akufanele akalimaze abantu nezilwane ezifuywayo, ngakho-ke baqale bazame ukusebenzisa izindlela zokudalwa kwezinambuzane. Futhi kuphela uma bengabasiza - izikhali ezinzima zamakhemikhali zisetshenziswa.

Amakhemikhali nokusebenza kwawo

Izindlela ezithengiwe zokuqeda izintuthwane zihlukile ngendlela yabo nendlela yokusebenza:

1. Imikhiqizo ye-Aerosol. Izinzuzo zabo - intengo nokulula ukusetshenziswa. Bangena ngaphakathi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuphefumula, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ungakhohlwa ukugqoka umoya wokuphefumula. Umphumela uzotholakala uma uwafakela ngqo ezidlekeni zezinambuzane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ungavumeli ingress yezinhlayiya ezinobuthi ezitsheni nemikhiqizo.
2. Ama-powders omile noma uthuli. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ngoba kwanele nje ukubeka amathrekhi enhle azungeze izintuthwane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bedla lezi ziqu, izinambuzane zizofa. Kodwa yiba nesineke: umphumela ngeke uze maduze.
3. Amapensela ezinambuzane namakhrayoni. Abaningi bawakhetha kalula, kepha izintuthwane zikhula ngokushesha.
4. Ama-gel. Sisebenzisa izindlela eziningana ezinamathele phakathi kwezintuthwane, kanti izinambuzane ezincane, emva kokudlulela phezu kwendawo ephathwayo, zizothatha ubuthi emathangeni abo esihlahleni, ziphelele abanye.
5. Izicupho. Amateyipu adhesive asebenza kahle nasemakamelweni, into esemqoka ukuwahlela ngendlela efanele ukuze ahlangabezane nezingane noma izilwane ezifuywayo.

Uyazi? Izintuthwane zilula kangangokuthi zikwazi ukuhamba emanzini ngaphandle kokuphuza izinkinga.

Amakhambi omphakathi

Phakathi kwemikhiqizo emi emaqebheni ekhishini, kunezinhlobo zemvelo "izinhlayiya" zezintuthwane. Inkosikazi ngayinye iyoba nayo:

1. Imvubelo Hlanganisa i-tsp 1. imvubelo nge-1 tsp. amanzi kanye no-0.5 tsp. ushukela I-sweet muck ihamba ngokuzungezile izintuthwane, futhi zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa ngeke kube khona izinambuzane.
2. Ummbila uvuna. Kwanele ukusabalalisa ezindaweni lapho izinambuzane ezincane zivame ukutholakala khona. Izintuthwane zizozidla ngokuqinisekile, kodwa izibeletho zabo ngeke zikwazi ukugaya ukwelapha okunjalo.
3. Amabhola ane-boric acid. Impendulo ephumelelayo engakwazi ukuqeda izinambuzane emavikini amabili kulula ukuyilungiselela: thatha amaqanda ama 3 namazambane amathathu, hlanganisa izitshalo ezihlanjululwe ngezikhupha kuze kube slurry ehambisanayo, engeza i-1 tsp. ushukela nesikhwama se-boric acid. Kusukela emhlanjeni otholiwe sakha amabhola amancane futhi siwabeke ezindaweni ezinambuzane. Ngomphumela wokugcina, udinga ukuphinda inqubo emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10.

Kubalulekile! Qinisekisa ukuthi izinambuzane azikwazi ukufinyelela amanzi ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho umkhiqizo ngeke usebenze.

Indlela yokuvimbela ukutholakala kwezintuthwane ezweni: izinyathelo zokuvimbela

Kuhlale kulula ukuvimbela izinkinga kunokubhekana nemiphumela yabo. Lokho kusayithi, ukuthi ekamelweni kunezindlela zayo zokugwema izivakashi ezingahambelwanga.

Engadini nasensimini

Inkimbinkimbi yemisebenzi ensimini ihlanganisa izenzo ezilandelayo:

• ukumba ngesikhathi;
• ukukhishwa kwamagxolo angaphilili emithini, okuyinto izintuthwane eziyithandayo;
• lapho kuvuna, ungakhohlwa ukuthatha izimpande, iziqu zezitshalo, futhi kanye namaqabunga awile, ubathumele izinqwaba zomquba;
• Ungalimi uKalina nge-linden esiqhingini - i-aphid iyabathanda kakhulu, ukunambitheka okuyinhloko kwezintuthwane;
• ukuhlwanyela i-mint, i-garlic, u-anyanisi, i-calendula eduze nomjikelezo wesakhiwo; iphunga lawo ngeke livumele izinambuzane ukuba ziwele umngcele;
• hlambulula inhlabathi emhlathini.

Izinyathelo ezinjalo zizokwenza isayithi singathandeki izintuthwane, okusho ukuthi ngeke zidale izinkinga kuyo.

Ngaphakathi endlini

Endlini yomuntu oyinambuzane uthola ukudla okumnandi, ngakho ungawabonisi ukuthi unezihlwabusayo:

• ungashiyi ukudla etafuleni;
• hlamba izitsha njalo;
• gwema amabala amnandi nemvuthu, futhi ugcine udoti ezinkwameni ezingenamandla;
• yenza ukuhlanzwa ngokujwayelekile kwezakhiwo zokuhlala.

Uyazi? Kunezitshalo ezikhethekile - i-myrmecohore - zizalana kuphela ngosizo lwezintuthwane. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3, ​​okuyinto eyi-1% yezilwane zezitshalo emhlabeni.

Ukuba khona kwezintuthwane kusayithi kuyinkinga yokuphikisana. Abalimi abaningi nabalimi abawathinti, bezitholile izitshalo ezidingekayo. Nokho, akukho ukusetshenziswa ekhaya kusuka ezinambuzaneni, kodwa kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu empilweni yakho nasezempilo. Поэтому их присутствие на дачах и в квартирах недопустимо.

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