Naphezu komsebenzi oqhubekayo wabalimi bokukhiqiza izinhlobo ezintsha zamagilebhisi, ezinye izinhlobo "ezindala" zinhle kakhulu kangangokuba abalimi bewayini abafuni ukuzilahla. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifaka amagilebhisi eRizamat aqhamuka e-Uzbekistan. Ihlukaniswa yizimpawu zokunambitheka ezimangalisa kangaka ukuthi ama-amateurs enza konke ukukulima ngisho nesimo sezulu saseRussia esingafanele lolu hlobo lwe-moody.
Umlando wokukhula amagilebhisi Rizamat
Amagilebhisi weRizamat avela e-Uzbekistan enelanga. Wakhula ngeminyaka yama-70s yekhulu leminyaka edlule ngososayensi begatsha laseSamarkand leCwaningo lweHorticulture neViticulture. R.R. Schroeder. Abalobi bezinhlobonhlobo yiR.V. I-Ogienko, K.V. USmirnov no-A.F. UGerasimov, obesebenzisa amagilebhisi esi-Uzbek Kattakurgan noParkentsky lapho kukhethwa. Izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zathola igama lakhe ukuhlonipha umnikazi we wayini uRizamat Musamuhamedov. Ngemuva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwesifundazwe, kunconyelwe ukuthi kutshalwe kuyo yonke insimu ye-Uzbekistan, Georgia neTurkmenistan. Ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuphezulu, isivuno nokubukeka okuhle, ithole ukuqashelwa eKazakhstan, eRussia nase-Ukraine, lapho ikhule khona ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu, yize futhi ingakhula ngokuphumelelayo kulayini ophakathi lapho kudalwa izimo ezinhle.
Amagilebhisi weRizamat kuvidiyo
I-Rizamat isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezintsha. Isibonelo, ngesisekelo sazo izinhlobo iRizamat ezinzile, iRizamat engenantanga, iRizamat enomusa (emnyama) yenziwa yafuzwa. Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezithile (ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphezulu, ukumelana nezifo), wonke ama-nzalo aphansi ngokunambitheka ezinhlobonhlobo zangempela.
Incazelo yebanga
I-Rizamat iyinhlobonhlobo yetafula-umdiliya futhi ibhekwa njengegilebhisi eliqala ukuvuthwa ezweni lakubo (isizini sokukhula sezinsuku eziyi-135-140 emazingeni okushisa angama-2800-3000 mayelanaC) Esimweni sezulu saseRussia, isikhathi sokuvuthwa sesilinganiso - ishumi lesibili likaSepthemba.
Amabhasi anokukhula okuphakathi. Amahlumela made, anemibala emdaka ngombala, onobukhulu obuphakathi, namaqabunga ahlakazekile kancane. Qoqa kahle. Izimbali zihlala zimbili, ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlukahluka kungatshalwa ngaphandle kokutshala izitshalo.
Ama-buds e-Rizamat aqala ukuqhakaza engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi (cishe ngemuva kwenyanga kunase-Uzbekistan), izimbali ziqala ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Amajikijolo aqala ukuvuthwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti, angadliwa asanda kufakwa eminyakeni eyishumi noma yesithathu kaSepthemba.
Amabhulashi amakhulu apinki amnyama abukeka kahle kakhulu
I-Rizamat yakha amakhulu, amaqoqo wamagatsha, afinyelela ku-17-18 cm ubude.Ukuqina kwezandla kukalwa, isisindo singama-500-550 g (angafika ku-800-1000 g, ngezikhathi ezithile aze afike ku-3 kg). Ukwakheka kwama-cylindrical amajikijolo kukhulu kakhulu: ubude 28-30 mm, ububanzi 19-20 mm, isisindo esilinganiselwe esingu-6.2 g, kepha angafinyelela ku-14. Isikhumba esimpunga esimpunga simbozwe ngentambo engagugi kakhulu ye-wax, umgqomo wamajikijolo lapho uvuthwe ngokuphelele "blush" okhanyayo. I-pulp ine-dense, crisp ukungaguquguquki. I-berry ngayinye inezinhlamvu eziphakathi nendawo ezi-2-3
Amajikijolo akhulu ngokungalingani ngosayizi, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ezandleni kungahle kube nekhasi lamajikijolo
Ukunambitheka kumnandi kakhulu, kuthola izilinganiso zokunambitha eziphakeme kakhulu (amaphuzu angama-9.1). Akunakunambitheka okungajwayelekile. Ukuvumelana kokunambitheka kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi okuqukethwe ushukela omningi (20%) kulinganiselwe ngenani elanele le-asidi (4,5-5 g / l).
Izici Ezihlukahlukene
Akumangalisi ukuthi uRizamat uthola amamaki aphezulu kusuka kochwepheshe - unezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa:
- ukuphakama okukhulu, ukubukeka okuhle kakhulu;
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu (20-30 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa, ngokunakekelwa okuhle, isihlahla esineminyaka engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ubudala singanikela kuze kube ngu-70 kg).
Abathandi abahlakulela iRizamat bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zinzuzo zihlawulela ngokuphelele amaphutha ezinhlobonhlobo, okuyinto, ngeshwa, ziningi:
- ukumelana nesithwathwa okuphansi (kufika ku-17 ... -18 mayelanaC) edinga indawo yokukhosela ehlathini yamakhaza ebusika;
- ukuthambekela kwesifo se-oidium;
- amajikijolo aqhekekile esimweni sezulu semvula ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa:
- ukuthambekela kwama-pee amajikijolo;
- ukuhlanganiswa okungekuhle ngamasheya;
- ecela ukunakekelwa.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Imithetho yokutshala amagilebhisi weRizamat empeleni ayihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo. Kungcono ukutshala leligilebhisi entwasahlobo ukuze likhule ngamandla ebusika obulandelayo. Ngokutshala kwekwindla, kunengozi yokuthi isithombo esincane salolu hlobo olungavimbelani kakhulu nesithwathwa siyofa ngesikhathi sokuqala kweqhwa.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zeRizamat, cishe akunakwenzeka ukusakaza ngokugoma. Indlela eyinhloko yokuzala ukutshala ngezitshalo ezimpande.
Izithelo zomvini zinika izimpande emhlabeni omanzi
Kulula ukuzikhulisa ngokwakho izithombo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukusikeka ngezinso ezi-4-5 kubekwa ngokusikiwe okungaphansi emanzini bese ulinda izimpande ezimhlophe zivele. Esikhundleni samanzi, ungathatha ibhodlela lepulasitiki elinenhlabathi engaphezulu enqunywe, egcwele inhlabathi enomsoco womquba. Ukuhluma kwezinhlamvu zokusika kuqala eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaFebhuwari bese izithombo eziqediwe zitholakala ngesikhathi sokutshala - eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi.
Amagilebhisi azala kahle ngokugoqa. Amava ethu ekukhuleni amagilebhisi akhombisa ukuthi kwanele ukukhetha umvini owakhiwe kahle onobukhulu obungaba ngu-1-1,5 cm, bambe emhlabathini omanzi oswakeme bese ucindezela (isibonelo, izitini ezi-2-3). Udinga ukunisela ukulungiswa njalo - ukwakheka kwezimpande kuncike kulokhu. Into esemqoka - musa ukujaha ukuhlukanisa ukwakheka kwesihlahla sikamama. Umbhali wenza iphutha elinjalo, ngenxa yalokho, isitshalo esihlukanisiwe saphenduka ubuthakathaka futhi safuna eminye iminyaka emibili yokunisela okunzulu nokunakekelwa okuphelele.
Ukukhula amagilebhisi Rizamat - ividiyo
Ukutshala iRizamat, udinga ukukhetha indawo enelanga kakhulu esizeni. Inhlabathi efiselekayo evundile, okuxekethile. Kwenqatshelwe ngokuqinile ukutshala amagilebhisi ezindaweni ezinamanzi asondelene komhlaba. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele okungenani libe ngu-3 m.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kudingeka ulungiselele umgodi ngobubanzi nokujula kwamasentimitha angama-80. Ngaphansi embozwe ngezitini eziphukile noma ngamatshe achobozekile (5-6 cm). Ngemuva kwalokho, cishe isigamu somgodi sigcwele inhlabathi ehlanganiswe nomquba kanye nenani elincane lomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium (ngokwesibonelo, ungazikhawulela ku-20-30 g we-superphosphate). Ingqimba yenhlabathi (cm 7-8 cm) ithululelwa ngaphezulu ukuvikela izimpande. Kungcono ukushiya umgodi ogcwele izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu.
Lapho utshala amagilebhisi emgodini, udinga ukubeka ungqimba lwamanzi
Isithombo samagilebhisi sifakwa emgodini ngokucophelela, njengoba izimpande ezincane zingaqhekeka kalula. Umgodi umbozwe inhlabathi evundile, ihlanganiswe, kwakhiwa ikhefu lokunisela, bese kuthululelwa amabhakede amabili amanzi kuyo.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo - ividiyo
Imithetho yokukhula amagilebhisi Rizamat
URizamat akathobeki, kunalokho, udinga ukunakekelwa okufanele njalo. Ukunisela okunganele, ukunakekelwa okungafanele kanye nomthwalo omningi kuholela ekuqothulweni kwamajikijolo kanye nokuncipha.
Ukunciphisa nokubumba isihlahla
Enye yezinqubo eziphambili ezidingekayo ukuze kukhule isihlahla esinempilo ukuthena. Ukugawulwa okufanele kuhlinzeka umoya omncane wesihlahla futhi kunciphise nengozi yokuthola izifo zokukhunta. Imivini egawuliwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Isici se-Rizamat yisithelo esiphansi se-ocelli engezansi, ngakho-ke, ukuthola isivuno esihle, kudinga isivuno eside (i-10-15 ocelli).
Musa ukulayisha ngokweqile: URizamat akamthandi. Umthwalo ophelele esihlahleni kufanele ube wamehlo angama-35- 40.
Iziqongo zamahlumela akufanele zinwe, ngoba uma kungenjalo ama-buds angalele angavuka kanti isivuno sonyaka olandelayo siyanyamalala. Izinyathelo zithinta amashidi angu-1-2.
I-Rizamat idinga ukwakheka okukhulu. izinketho ezifanele kunazo zonke yi-arch, trellis ephezulu ene-visor noma i-warp (uhlelo oluvundlile lwe-trellis).
Usekela amagilebhisi - isithombe
- I-trellis ene-visor ivumela ukwakheka kwezihlahla ezinde, ezinomoya omuhle
- Ama-Arches afanele ukwakheka kwamagilebhisi akhula eduze kwendlu
- I-Voish uhlelo lwe-trellises enezingqimba lapho kutholakala khona "fan" wamagilebhisi
Udinga ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi imivini ingasuswa kalula kusuka kwizisekele zasebusika.
Ekwindla, imivini iyathenwa, isusa ingxenye engavuthiwe yamahlumela namahlamvu aqweqayo. Ngemuva kwalokho imivini ayithunyelwa kusuka kwizisekeli, ibekwe ngokucophelela emhlabathini, ihlanganiswe ndawonye futhi ihlanganiswe ngezinto zokufakelwa. URizamat othanda ukushisa kungenzeka angabi nayo ifilimu eyanele yedwa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyimboza ngezendlalelo eziningana: utshani, ifilimu nengqimba yomhlaba.
Ezimbozwe ngocwebe noma ngoqwembe lukawoyela, amagilebhisi afafazwa emaceleni komhlaba
Ukunisela nokondla
IRizamat ithanda umswakama, idinga ukuniselwa izikhathi ezi-4-5 ngesizini: ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza ukuqhakaza, ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza izimbali, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesibeletho, ngemuva kokuvunwa. Lokhu kunisela kwenziwa ngesilinganiso samalitha angama-40-50 ngesihlahla esidala ngasinye, amanzi axazululiwe. Kungcono ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi emiseleni yokunisela ngokujula kuka-20-25 cm, obekwe kubude obuyi-0.5-0.7 m ukusuka kusiqu. Uma kunokwenzeka, kungcono ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokunisela olwe-Drip, ukuletha amanzi njalo ezingxenyeni ezincane.
Uma isimo sezulu sesomile ekwindla, ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, ukuthambisa kwenziwa ngesilinganiso samalitha angama-150-200 esihlahleni ngasinye sokukhokhisa inhlabathi ngomswakama: lokhu kuthuthukisa isimo sobusika sohlelo lwezimpande.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlanganisa ukugqoka okuphezulu nokunisela. Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa nge-nitrogen ezinsukwini ezingama-6-7 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Izithako ze-nitrogen zitholakala ngamanani anele kumanyolo we-organic. Kusihlahla esi-1 esidala samagilebhisi, kwanele ukuzala umquba ongu-2-2,5 kg womquba noma ama-50-55 g wethonsi yenkukhu ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ungasebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali - 60-65 g we-nitrophosphate no-5 g we-boric acid ngo-10 l wamanzi.
Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-12-15 ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwezithelo. Ukwakhiwa kwezithelo kuhlinzekwa yi-potassium, ngakho-10 g we-potassium magnesia ichithwa ebhokisini lamanzi lokondla. Ungangeza i-20 g ye-ammonium nitrate. Ukondliwa kwesithathu kwenziwa izinsuku ezingama 8-10 ngemuva kwesibili, ngomanyolo ofanayo.
Yondla amagilebhisi - ividiyo
Ukugqoka kwesine okuphezulu kwenziwa emavikini amabili ngaphambi kokuvunwa nge-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate (20 g ngalinye).
Amagilebhisi futhi ayindlela yokugqoka yamafayili efanelekile, kufaka phakathi izinto zomkhondo. Abanye abaxhasi beviniga batusa ingxube ye-iodine, i-sulfate yethusi, ukumiselwa kwe-ash ash lokhuni ne-boric acid. Ukufafaza ngengqimba enjalo akusizi nje ukwanelisa isitshalo ngezakhi zomzimba, kodwa futhi kuyasivikela ezifweni zokukhunta.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane nezifo
IRizamat imelana kabi nezifo zokukhunta - isikhutha ne-oidium. Ukuvimbela lezi zifo, okokuqala kunesidingo sokuqinisekisa ukungena komoya okuhle esihlahleni, sisuse amahlumela aqhakaza namaqabunga okweqile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kokuvimbela nge-fungicides (ngokwesibonelo, i-Dnok) kufanele kwenziwe kathathu ngesizini.
Ukusebenza kwamagilebhisi we-Oidium - ividiyo
Ungalungiselela ithuluzi lokucubungula ngezandla zakho: Umhluzi we-ISO ulungiswe kusuka kuk lime nesibabule. Isigaxa se-sulfure noma isibabule, i-hydrate lime kanye namanzi (isilinganiso esingu-2: 1: 17) kuxutshwe bese kubiliswa imizuzu engama-60 ngaphezulu kokushisa okuphansi, engeza amanzi ngevolumu yokuqala. Isixazululo Ready, esifakwe emabhodleleni, singagcinwa isikhathi eside. I-ISO inika umphumela omuhle ekulweni nezifo zokukhunta futhi iphephile ezilwaneni ezinegazi ezifudumele.
Ezintweni ezisaphaza nezinyoni, amagilebhisi ambozwe ngamanetha noma aboshwe ngebhulashi ngalinye nesikhwama se-gauze.
Ukuvunwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilimo
Ukuvuna Rizamata ezifundeni ezihlukene zivuthwa ngezikhathi ezihlukene (kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaSeptemba). Okokuqala, amabhulashi asemaphethelweni amahlumela avuthiwe, bese esondela esisekelweni sesihlahla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwetafula, udinga ukusika amagilebhisi avuthiwe ngokushesha, ukugwema ukuvezwa okuthe xaxa emithini. Ukwenza omisiwe, kunalokho, kunconywa ukushiya amagilebhisi avuthiwe elenga amanye amasonto angama-2-3. Ama-raisam e-raisam anekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, amnandi futhi abukeka kahle.
I-Rizamat ikhiqiza amagilebhisi amahle futhi amnandi
Ungagcina amagilebhisi amasha egumbini elipholile noma esiqandisini cishe amasonto amabili.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi
Nginezinhlahla eziyisishiyagalombili zeRizamat esivinini.Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuphana okuphikisanayo.Nokuthi izifo zinganqotshwa.Kodwa ngingakutholaphi ukuqhekeka kwalo okulimazayo emvuleni? Akungabazeki, uma ngikwazile ukususa imizwa eyakhayo ngaphambi kwezimvula, angizange ngibe nesikhathi ngemuva kwemvula enkulu yokuqala, ama-% 60-70 amajikijolo ngenjabulo, bamamatheka umniniyo ngomlomo ogcwele (kuqhume). Imifantu ngokushesha iba isikhunta. Umbono wami uhlukile kwesimo sezulu esomile, ngaphandle komehluko womswakama ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Manje ngifuna enye indawo yalokhu okuhlukahlukene, ngizoshiya isihlahla esi-1 seqoqo.
I-IgorF, isifunda saseVolgograd//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=241324
I-Rizamat yami futhi yaqhuma ngemuva kwemvula yokuqala (imvula). Ehlobo lonke akubanga namvula, futhi lapho kuqala imvula, yonke i-Rizamat iqhuma (((Nokho, okungenani sikwazile ukusika isixha esisodwa lapho ngiya ku-godfather edolobhaneni. URizamat wenza umbono omkhulu!
Vadim waseRostov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=241324
Kusuka kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, okuncane kakhulu, uRizamat waqhakaza kakade ngonyaka we-2 ngemuva kokuqhuma kwe-10. Phambilini, usike ngokungananazi (mfushane) futhi akazange athele izithelo. Ngonyaka ophelile ngifunde ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuba kuthathwe udoti omude - futhi konke kwavela. Isihlahla sami sinemikhono emide kakhulu, umyeni wami usidonsa ophahleni lwendlu yokugeza ukuze azivikele elangeni, amahlumela athela izithelo aqala emva kwamamitha ayi-1,5 wesikhono futhi mude futhi (eshiya ama-buds ayi-12). U (Rizamat) uthande lokhu. Ubusika ngaphandle kwendlu yokukhosela (ubude obunjalo abukwazi ukubeka futhi bumboze ngokujwayelekile), ngivele ngithukulula yonke into ngayiphonsa phansi ngaphansi kodonga lukakhonkolo. Akunamakhaza, yonke imivini ivukile. Ivuthwe ngonyaka ophelile kuya kuSepthemba 20-25. Ama-2 amajikijolo aqhekekile kuma-5 amabhulashi. Kwakungekho kuthambisa uginindela. Okumnandi kakhulu! Ijusi ne-crispy! Futhi muhle kanjani !!!!
Elena Bocharova, Kazakhstan//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=412.60
"I-Rizamat" ikhula ku-gazebo yami, futhi njengoba uValery Dmitriyevich waseBelorechensk eseshilo, iqukethe amakhaza okunisela ngezimpondo. Uphondo ngalunye - ihlumela elilodwa elinezithelo, elinye liphukile. Izinyathelo zigqashuka, zishiya itshe elilodwa. Angizikhonkothi amahlumela. Izimpondo zisebangeni lama-35 - 40cm ukusuka kwelinye. Isimo sezulu sethu sivela ezwekazini ngokuphelele. Ebusika, kuya ku-35, futhi ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lingafinyelela ku-+50 ngomsila. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa, ngiqala ukuchelela. "I-Rizamat" ivuthwa ngokungalingani. Okokuqala ngaphesheya komgwaqo, bese kuthi phakathi kwesihlahla. Futhi ukuchelela okuncane akuthinti kangako ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo esizeni sami. Lokhu akusebenzi ku- "Rizamat" kuphela, kepha kusebenza nakwezinye izinhlobo.
USelchanin, Isifunda saseRostov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=68440
ukwakheka kwejikijolo kungahluka kusuka kokusaqanda kuya kokungamamaki okuhlanganisiwe. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa kwadingeka ngibone eyodwa nenye ifomu ehlathini elilodwa. Ngokuqondene nokuvuthwa, kunezici eziningi eziguqula lesi sikhombisi siqonde kwelinye. Endaweni yethu, amaqoqo okuqala aqala ukusika kusukela ngo-Agasti 15-20. Kucace bha ukuthi izimo ngalesi sikhathi azihambi kahle, kepha imakethe ibeka imibandela yayo. Kulungile, ngomhla wokuqala kaSepthemba - yilokho OKHO !!! (uma ondlunkulu abanezinsipho bengakuqedi)
S. Sergey. A., isifunda saseZaporizhzhya.//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=68440
Amagilebhisi weRizamat azodinga umzamo othile kumnikazi wawo ukuze athole isivuno esihle. Kepha ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo, ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo kudlula kude ezinye izinhlobo ezingezinhle zokucwilisa.
