I-polypodium noma i-centipede, naseLatin Polypodium, ingeyomndeni wakwaMillipede (i-Polypodia), kanye ne-Platicerium. I-genus inayo Izinhlobo ezingu-200 zama-ferns, ejwayelekile emhlabeni jikelele.
Abaningi babo bahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, kanti ezinye izinhlobo - ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ze polypodium kune-epiphytes ekhulayo emithonjeni yamadwala, emagodini emithi nasemadwaleni ama-mossy, nama-groundern ahlala ezindaweni eziphansi.
Incazelo
Kuye ngezindawo ezikhulayo zezinhlobo ze-Polypodium ziyisihlahla esivamile noma esinqunyiwe.Zonke izinhlobo zibhekene ne-rhizome enamandla, egcwele izilinganiso eziningi.
Kusukela kuso kukhula imigqa emibili yamagqabi aqoshiwe enesikhumba emapulini amakhulu, aphelile, ashiye amaqabunga anjengesikhumba.
Ngenxa yalesi sitshalo lesi sitshalo sagama layo - ekuhunyushweni lisho "imilenze eminingi".
I-fern ebomvu ebomvu ihluke kakhulu. Amaqabunga noma amafreyimu angaba aphelele, aphephe noma aphindwe kabili.
Engxenyeni engezansi yeqabunga leqabunga libhekwa ukukhula okwenziwe nxazonke zombala ophuzi-orange - lezi yi-sporangia, ezenza izinhlamvu. Efulethini le polypodium sporonos ngokweqile kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-centipede zisanda kuthiwa yizihlahla ze-botanist esihlotsheni sayo esiseduzane, i-Flebodium yenhlobo.
Ngokunakekelwa kahle, i-polypodium ihlala efulethini iminyaka eminingi, njalo ngonyaka ikhulula amaqabunga amasha amaningana. Ibukeka buhlaba umxhwele kakhulu phansi futhi ibhalwa. Lena umhlobiso wokunethezeka wamafulethi, ama-balconi, ama-conservatories nezindlu zokugcina izindlu.
Izinhlobo
Igolide
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu in floriculture zasendlini. Uhluke emakhazeni amahle aphethwe ngamapayipi ombala we-bluish, owanikeza i-wax coating evikela emoyeni omile nezinambuzane. Ubude befransi bufinyelela emitha eli-1 noma ngaphezulu.
I-rhizome ihlanganiswe nezinwele eziningi ze-golden-brown.
Izithombe ze-subspecies Igolide:
I-fetus eminingi
I-fern ephawulekayo kakhulu futhi engaqondakaliyo ngamafreyimu amakhulu akhula avela ku-rhizome efanayo, kodwa ahlukene ngendlela. Ngamunye wabo uqobo futhi oyedwa wohlobo. Ungabona ukuma ngezingqimba eziqinile, zama-divy, noma ezihlanganisiwe. Izitshalo ze-Leaf ngokuvamile ziqoqa umswakama, okusiza kalula ukuthwala umoya omile wangaphakathi.
Izithombe ze-subspecies e-Multi-fruited:
U-Virginia
I-millipede encane encane eneqabunga elincane le-feathery ayikho ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-30 ubude no-6 cm ububanzi. Ingxenye ngayinye yefransi inemiphetho encane.
Ama-subspecies ama-albins Virginsky:
Pimply
Ezihlukahlukene ezihlobisa kakhulu. Ihlula phezulu ubuso obunzima bamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Esimweni esomile, baphuma iphunga elimangalisa le-coumarin.
I-subspecies yesithombe Ngenhlawulo:
I-Austrian, i-cambric noma iningizimu
Umbono namafolda we-deltoid pinworm-ifomu elihlukile, elifinyelela kumyingcele wamitha ubude. Amagatsha wekhasi lamagqabhagqabha angama-lanceolate futhi ashayela eceleni.
Izithombe ze-subspecies zase-Austria:
Western
Ukuhlukahluka okuncane okukhuphuka nge-wiami okungaphezu kuka-20 cm ubude. Izingxenye ezincane ziphelele, i-elliptical, noma i-serrated. Lona ngumuntu ongenamakhaza, kungaba ukumelana namazinga okushisa kuze kube ku -29 ° C.
Ama-subspecies ama-Western:
Ussuri noma linear
I-epiphyte ekhulayo emithini yomuthi nasezindaweni zamadwala. Amaqabunga aluhlaza obumnyama, ifomu eline-lanceolate. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lapho sezulu esomile, bahlangana nge-tube. I-Rhizome igcwele ifilimu enombala omnyama. Ikhulile emagqumeni ase-stony nasezindaweni zasemadwaleni.
I-subspecies yesithombe Ussuri:
Isi-Californian
I-fern enqunyiwe ngamaqabunga amancane ama-oval wefomu elihle kakhulu. Izingxenye ziyi-oblong ehambisanayo newebhu. Leli florishi elimele lifanele ukukhula kuphela emhlabathini ovulekile.
I-subspecies yesithombe sase-Californien:
I-Scooter
I-fern efana ne-fern ene-frern ebanzi kakhulu ebomvu obuhlaza obomvu. Ukuma kwezinsizi zabo noma ngokusabalalisa. Izimpaphe zamapayipi ze-leaf nazo zibanzi.
Izithombe ze-subspecies ze-Scooler:
I-Serrated
Okuthakazelisayo i-deltoids enkulu ngezingxenye ezide, ezifakiwe noma ezifakwe emaphethelweni, okwenza isitshalo sivuleke. I-petioles yinde kakhulu, cishe ilingana nobude beqabunga.
Ama-subspecies we-Photos Pilchaty:
Okuvamile
Okuwukuphela i-epiphytic fern ekhula phakathi neRussia. Lesi yisitshalo esingavamile esitholakala emadwaleni angama-mossy nama-rocky crevices. Amaqabunga ayo anesigqoko futhi anama-palmate-complex. I-rhizome ine-ukunambitheka okumnandi, ngakho abantu bayibiza ngokuthi "impande enhle". Ukushisa okubandayo kakhulu, amazinga okushisa angama-40 ° C.
I-subspecies yesithombe ejwayelekile:
Ukunakekelwa kwekhaya
Polypodium babhekwa njengento ekhetheke kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-ferns. It uzizwa kahle endlini futhi ikhula ngokushesha, yakha isihlahla esinamagatsha amaqabunga aluhlaza. Imodi efanele yokunisela kanye nomswakama ophezulu - izidingo eziyinhloko ezibekayo.
Ukukhanyisa
Izitshalo zikhetha i-penumbra elula ngaphandle kwemisebe eqondile yelanga, ishiya ukushisa kuso. Amaphesenti empumalanga, entshonalanga nasenyakatho yizindawo ezinhle kakhulu zendawo yayo.
Indawo eningizimu yefasitela-sill izodinga ukufaka shade ngekhawundi elikhanyayo. Ungabeka inhlanzi ebunzini ekamelweni eliqhakazile noma esiqhingini esicwebezelayo, kodwa ngaphansi kwesembozo sesitshalo esikhulu.
Ukushisa
Esikhathini sehlobo sasehlobo-ehlobo le-polypodium njengokushisa okuvamile endlini.
Ebusika, ukhetha izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-14 kuya ku-20 ° C, kanye ne-centipede ekhethiwe - kusuka ku-12 ukuya ku-14 ° C.
Ngalesi sikhathi Kubalulekile ukuvikela i-fern kusuka ezikhathini kanye nezimpande ze-hypothermia.
Kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukuyibeka ekushiseni amadivayisi.
Ukunisela nokuswakama
Nisela amanzi isitshalo kufanele kube ngokulinganayo emva koqweqwe oluphezulu lomhlaba luma. Ngoba lo mmeli we-flora ulimaza ngokufanayo njengokugqithisa kwe-coma yomhlaba, kanye namanzi, okubangela ukubola kwezimpande. Amanzi okuchelela kufanele athathwe ngokushelelayo futhi akwazi ukuxazululwa.
Polypodium idinga umswakama ophezulu. Yena uthanda ukupomfaza nsuku zonke futhi ukugeza ngezikhathi ezithile eshaweni. Ungabeka ibhodlela emgodini ngamagatsha amanzi ukuze izinga lamanzi lingaphansi kwebhode.
I-centipede izophendula ngokuthokoza ukusula amaqabunga ngesiponji esincane. Noma kunjalo, le nqubo ayithandi i-polypodium yegolide - amafolda ayo ahlanganiswe ngengubo ye-wax engase ihlupheke.
Umquba (ukugqoka phezulu)
Utshala isitshalo kufanele uqaphele kakhulu. Kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti, izithako ezi-2 nezinkimbinkimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngenyanga zanele.
Umanyolo wokuhlanza kufanele ube Izikhathi ezine ezibuthakathaka kunokuba kuboniswe emiyalweni. Ebusika, ukudla kukhanseliwe.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo nokubunjwa kwenhlabathi
Phendula i-polypodium entwasahlobo noma ehlobo njengoba ikhula, lapho i-rhizome igcwalisa yonke ivolumu yomthamo. Amandla adingekayo avulekile futhi aphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane esiluhlaza kufanele sinikezwe ngamanzi amaningi.
Uma ukufakelwa kabusha akufanele kube nokujula okukhulu kwe-rhizome - udinga nje cindezela kancane bese ufafaze kancane phezu komhlabathi. Amahlumela aqoshiwe angadliwa futhi asetshenziselwe ukuzalanisa.
Umhlaba kufanele ube okuxekethile nokuphefumula nge-reaction acid ebuthakathaka. Ungalungisa i-substrate yezingxenye ezifanayo ze-leaf humus, i-pine bark echotshoziwe ne-sphagnum. Lokhu kubonakala kuhle kuma-epernical ferns. Futhi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-centipedes, ingxube elungiselelwe kusuka ezingxenyeni ezimbili zomhlabathi oqabile kuyoba efanelekile, okuyi-1 ingxenye ye-coniferous earth, peat, humus kanye nesihlabathi esinamafutha.
Izici ukunakekelwa emva kokuthenga
I-polypodium engena endlini esuka esitolo sembali kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze iqiniseke ukuthi ayikho izinambuzane kuyo futhi ifakwe eceleni kwezinye izimbali izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Khona-ke kudingeka ukufakelwa kwisitsha esisha.
Ngempela, njengoba umthetho, zonke izitshalo zithengiswa endaweni ekhethekile yokuthutha, engafanele ukusetshenziswa okuphakade.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, faka "umngane ohlaza" omusha emthunzini omncane bese uhlinzeka ngazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo. Umanyolo "omusha" kungaba inyanga nengxenye, uma ivumelanisa ngokugcwele.
Amanye ama-ferns angaphakathi ahlanganisa: Pelley, Pteris, Cirtriumium, Asplenium, Adiantum, Davallia, Blehnum, Salvinia, Nephrolepis, Platicerium, Uzzhnik neHumulus.
Ukuzala
Isigaba
I-rhizome yomuthi omdala onempilo uthathe izingxenye ezingu-2-3 ukuze ngamunye wabo abe namaqabunga amaningana. Izigaba zihlanganiswe ngamapulangwe. I-Delenki itshalwe e-substrate, ihlanganiswe ngesikhwama seplastiki futhi ifaka endaweni efudumele neyomthunzi ngesonto.
Izingxabano
Kwanele indlela enzima neyinkimbinkimbi. Ngemuva kokuba i-sporangia iphenduke imbala, inqunywe kanye neshidi, ifakwe esikhwameni sokuphefumula futhi imisiwe ukuba yomile.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-8, izinhlamvu zizoqala ukulala ngokwanele. Ukuhluma kwazo usebenzisa i-greenhouse mini ene-underheating. Izitini ezihlanzekile zifakwa kuleli tangi, futhi phezulu kwalo yi-peat emanzi. Okulandelayo, uthele amanzi angcolile, ugcwalise isitsha ku-5 cm.
Ama-spores ahlakazekile ebusweni be-peat, ehlanganiswe nesembozo sepulasitiki noma ingilazi futhi efakwe endaweni e-shady. Inani lamanzi esitsheni ligcinwa njalo ezingeni elifanayo. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, ama-moss aluhlaza azovela ebusweni be-substrate, bese kuthi amapheshana aqale avele. Lapho izithombo zifinyelela ku-5 cm ukuphakama, zihamba zibe iziqukathi ezihlukene.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izitha zePolpodium
I-Shchitovka - izimbungulu ezimnyama eziqukethe amaqabunga, ama-sucking cell sap, kungani zikhanya, zime futhi zife. Izindlela zokulawula: ukucubungula i- "Aktaroy" noma "Aktellik".
I-spider mite ishiya ngemuva kwayo, njengokungathi yahlatshwa izinaliti, imifino kanye ne-spider webs. Izindlela zokulawula: ukususwa kwezinambuzane isiponji lesipuni kanye nokwelapha izinambuzane.
Ngokuphuza ngokweqile, i-centipede ijwayele ukubola izimpande. Uma kunenkathazo enjalo, susa izimpande ezigulayo, ufafaze ukusikeka ngomlotha uphinde ufake isitshalo ube ngumhlabathi omusha.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka
Amaqabunga aphuzi futhi afe - okweqile umswakama, umswakama ophansi ebusika noma ukukhanya okuncane kakhulu.
Amathiphu amaqabunga omile - umswakama obanele noma ukuchelela okungavamile.
Amaqabunga abuna futhi aguquguquke - ilanga kakhulu.
I-Wiii ephuzi ngokubunjwa kwamabala ashisayo - kushisa kakhulu ekamelweni.
Amaqabunga ayaqina futhi amahlumela akhula kahle - emincane kakhulu noma emanzini amaningi kakhulu, ukungabi namsoco.
Amapulanka aphenduka ama-brown, i-curl bese ewa, amaqabunga amasha aphelile - ama-drafts, umkhuhlane, ukuphuza amanzi anamanzi noma abandayo.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo
I-rhizome ye-polypodium ejwayelekile ("impande elimnandi") esetshenziselwa izinhloso zokwelapha. Iqukethe amafutha abalulekile, ama-saponins, ama-tannins, ama-glucosides kanye nama-acid a-malic.
Emithi yokwelapha, izimpande ezomile zisetshenziselwa uhlobo lwe-infusions ekwelapheni ukukhwehlela okungapheli, ukuphazamiseka, isifuba somoya, izikhuhlane, kanye ne-rheumatism, gout, nokuqeda ukuqotshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpande ze-centipede zisetshenziselwa ngaphandle ngenxa yezivunguvungu kanye ne-sprains.
Naphezu kokuthi i-polypodium idinga ukunakekelwa okuningi nokunakekelwa, ingagcinwa ngisho nangomunye wezimbali zakuqala.
Kudingekile kuphela ukuhlinzeka i-centipede ngezimo ezifanele - futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe kuyokwenza umlimi akhiphe ubuhle be-openwork yakhe evelele.
