Phakathi kwezitshalo eziningi ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza itiye elimnandi nephunga, bambalwa abantu abahlukanisa i-stevia, kodwa ngeze. Lesi sitshalo esingenakulinganiswa naso sinomsoco omuhle futhi sinomsoco ocebile wezakhi, okwenza kube isithako esihle kakhulu sokuphuza okucacisiwe. Siphakamisa ukuthi uhlolisise izici zalesi sitshalo, futhi uthole ukuthi kulula yini ukuyikhulela ekhaya.
Incazelo ye-botanical
I-Stevia iyinkimbinkimbi ye-herbaceous yomndeni we-Astrov, i-impova yizinambuzane ngendlela engezansi. Ifomu lesimo sasendle singatholwa ama-specimens afinyelela ukuphakama kwama-60-120 cm. Ngaphandle, afana ne-shrub ye-branched, enezingqimba zamaqabunga ezilula. Izimbali ezimhlophe zincane, ziqoqwe ku-inflorescences. Imbewu yincane (kuphela 0.5 x 4 mm).
Kubalulekile! Amaqabunga asitshalo anikezwa ukuphulukiswa kwezakhiwo, ngoba aqukethe i-flavonoids, amavithamini C, A, E, PP, kanye nama-glycosides, i-polysaccharides, i-fiber, i-tannins namafutha abalulekile.
Uma ukhula ekhaya kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu ukuqoqa amaqabunga Kuthatha cishe amasonto angu-16-18 (ngoba isikhathi sesithombo sisebenza amaviki angu-8-10). Uhlobo olunjalo oluhlaza, olukhulile ekamelweni noma engadini, luyoba yindlela ehlukile emithini yokwenza izidakamizwa.
Ukukhethwa kweMbewu
Kungenzeka ukuthola imbewu ye-stevia kokubili ukuthengiswa mahhala nakwezitolo ze-intanethi. Zama ukukhetha abahlinzeki kuphela abafakazelwe abaye emakethe isikhathi eside. Ubuncane bembewu ekhwameni elilodwa yizicucu ezingu-7-10, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhiqizi uthembisa ukuphakama kwawo okuphezulu.
Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa izindawo zokuphulukisa zesitshalo ezichazwe zaziwa ngo-1887 ngumsayense waseSwitzerland Antonio Bertoni, ngemuva kwalokho labo osebenza nabo bakwamanye amazwe babe nesithakazelo kuStevia. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1954, lesi sitshalo saqala ukubonakala ngobuningi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zaseJapane, ngoba kwakuyiyokuqala ukuyihlakulela ekhaya.
Ngeshwa, ngokwenza lokhu lokhu akude kuqiniswe njalo, futhi isigamu sembewu ayinalutho ngaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukugwema ukudumala ngemuva kokuhlwanyela (ikakhulukazi esimweni sethu sezulu), kuhle ukuba uhlole ngaphambi kokuhlola umkhiqizo othengiwe, isibonelo, ngokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukuphonsa imbewu ngayinye ukuphakama kwamamitha bese uhlola izici zokuwa kwayo: Amakhophi aphelele afika ngokushesha, kanti izinto ezingenalutho zihamba ngokushelela.
Ukuhluma kwembewu
Ukuze ukhule kahle izinto eziwusizo ngezinhloso zokwelapha noma zokupheka, okokuqala, kufanele ulungise kahle futhi uhlume izinto ezikhethiwe zokutshala. Le nqubo ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kuzomele ihambisane nokuphazamiseka okuthile kwazo zonke izenzo ezenziwe. Ukuhluma kwe-stevia kwenziwa kanje:
- Emhlabathini okhululekile futhi ovuthayo kufanele wenziwe imifula eminingana bese efakwa ngayinye yazo imbewu engu-1-3, embozwe inhlabathi noma i-vermiculite evela phezulu (ungqimba lomhlaba phezu kwenzalo akufanele kudlule 30 mm).
- I-topcoat idinga ukugonywa, kodwa kuphela ngokucophelela ukuze ungahlanza imbewu emhlabathini (kungcono ukusebenzisa ibhodlela le-spray).
- Manje kusele kuphela ukuvala ibhokisi elinesiviva sepulasitiki futhi indawo ngaphansi kwesibani se-fluorescent, okuyinto emavikini okuqala okulima kufanele ashise njalo (kuze kufike emahoreni angu-15 okukhanya kwelanga emva nje kwamasonto amathathu e-stevia ekhulayo). Ukushisa ekamelweni akufanele kuwele ngezansi + 24 ... +27 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Ukunisela i-stevia ngalesi sikhathi kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze inhlabathi inomsolo okwanele kodwa ingabi manzi. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuhlela ukuchelela okuphansi (kuthanda kakhulu kulokhu), kungenzeka ukuthululela amanzi kumahlumela ngokwawo, kodwa kungcono ngokusebenzisa isibhamu se-spray.
Lapho izitshalo ezincane zifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-12-13 cm, zisika u-2-5 cm ukusuka phezulu kwe-stem eyinhloko bese ulinda ukuhlanganisa.
Ukukhethwa komhlaba nokulungiswa
Labo abalimi bembali abaye babhekana nokutshalwa kwe-stevia yasekhaya, ngokuqinisekile bayazi ngokungazi kahle kwalesi sitshalo. Kungase kungabi yizimpande enhlabathini evamile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukufaka ngokushesha kwi-chernozem compost noma ama-humus ajwayelekile ekubalweni kwe-3: 1. Uma izwe kusayithi lakho liyi-clayey, khona-ke ku-oda olwengeziwe kufanelekile ukufaka enye ingxenye engaphezulu kwesigamu somfula. Okunye ukuxuba okulungiselelwe kwenhlabathi okunjalo kuyoba ukwakheka kokuthenga okulungiselelwe, lapho i-stevia kufanele izwe khona. Phakathi kwezinketho ezifanele kakhulu zemixube enjalo yensimu yilokhu okulandelayo:
- isihlabathi kanye neminyaka emibili ye-humus (2: 1);
- isihlabathi, umhlaba wehlathi le-coniferous, i-humus (konke kokukodwa);
- umhlabathi omnyama nesihlabathi (5:1).
Izithombo ezinzima
Njengazo zonke ezinye izitshalo zasendlini, uma zifakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile, i-stevia idinga ukucinywa. Ukwenza lokhu, kusuka endaweni yokuhluma kuthathelwe ezinkalweni ezincane ukuze uhlale uwathatha emoyeni omusha kancane kancane (amahora angu-1-2 ngosuku). Zonke izimbiza kufanele zifakwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga futhi ziphephe ngokukhululekile ngomoya. Ngokushesha nje lapho izithombo ziqina futhi ziqhubeka nenqubo yokungena kwemithi, ungakwazi ukuzitshala ngokuphepha endaweni engadini.
Funda indlela yokutshala izitshalo ezifana: umjunipha, i-lavender, i-rosemary, i-savory, i-fern Asplenium, igumbi thuja, isihlahla sekhofi, i-azalea, i-kalanchoe, i-humansrium, i-geranium, i-orchid, i-spathiphyllum, i-violet, i-begonia ekhaya.
Ukutshala izihlahla emhlabathini ovulekile
Uma ucabanga ngokuthi i-stevia iyisitshalo esithisa ukushisa, ukufika kwayo endaweni yomgwaqo ophakathi ngokuvamile akuletha umphumela oyifunayo, yiqiniso, uma ungalindeli ngalolu daba kuze kube phakathi noma ekupheleni kukaJuni. Ukuze kusetshenziswe izithombo, ukushisa kwenhlabathi kufanele kube okungenani + 10 ... +15 ° C, nakuba inani elincane lapho isitshalo lisasebenza khona libhekwa njenge-+4 ° C.
Emazweni aseningizimu, i-stevia iyalinywa unyaka wonke, kodwa esimweni sethu sezulu singakhula kuphela ehlobo. Ngokufika kwekwindla, kuvame ukugubha futhi kudluliselwe ebhodweni ukuba itshalwe entwasahlobo futhi.
Uma ukhetha indawo yokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo, qiniseka ukuthi ucabangela i-pH yenhlabathi, okufanele isondelene ne-neutral. Kulesi simo, i-substrate enhle ibhekwa njengokukhanya, hhayi i-clayey, umhlaba ogcotshwe kahle, ihlale igcwele imisebe yelanga. Emthunzini nasemanzini lesi sitshalo ngeke sikwazi ukukhula futhi sizofa ngokushesha.
Kubalulekile! Uma ukhula i-stevia, yinike ukuzimela ngaphakathi kwamamitha ambalwa. Ayikho "omakhelwane" abasondelene naye angeke abekezelele.
Inqubo yokufakelwa kabusha kwisayithi ekhethiwe ihlanganisa izenzo ezilandelayo:
- Susa kahle isitshalo ebhodweni, ukugcina inhlabathi ezungeze uhlelo lwayo lwempande.
- Hambisa utshani ube yindawo evulekile ngaphambili ngaphambili, ufafaze inhlabathi futhi uthinte kancane.
- Fafaza i-substrate ngamanzi asefa. (akunconywa ukuthi angasebenzisa ukuchelela).
- Gweba indawo yezimpande nge-mulch amaningi.ngoba izimpande zesitshalo zisondelene kakhulu futhi zingasuka.
Ukuze ulungiselele kahle indawo engadini, udinga ukubhekana kahle nezindaba zokuhlela: yenza imibhede, izicingo, uhlele kahle imibhede yembali.
Ukunakekela
Ukunakekela ama-whims eseningizimu akukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi kunzima kakhulu, kodwa kufanele ulandele eminye imithetho. Ngakho-ke, isihluthulelo sokwanda okusebenzayo nenhlalakahle yesitshalo kusetshenziselwa ukuchelela okwesikhashana nangokufanele, okwenziwa izikhathi eziningana ngeviki (izimo zezulu zihlale zicatshangelwa).
Ngezikhathi ezomile, izwe kufanele lihlale limanzi, kodwa lingabi manzi kakhulu, ngoba i-stevia iphendula ngokulinganayo nesomiso kanye nokungaphezulu komswakama. Amahora 3-4 emva kokuphuza kuyasiza ukukhulula umhlabathi, ukususa ukhula kuwo (inqubo yenziwa njengoba kudingeka).
Ngemuva kokudla kokuqala, ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, uthele ama-4-5 amalitha omanyolo obunzima wamaminerali, ahlanjululwe ngokulandela imiyalelo ephakheji, ngaphansi kwesitshalo. Ukwengeza, kabili ngomnyaka ngamunye, ungenza futhi usebenzise izinto eziphilayo, usebenzisa ukumnika okwenziwe ngokubola kwe-mullein, kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngenhlanganisela ka-1:10.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ngokuvamile, utshani oluchazwe luhlonyelwe ngenhloso yokuvuna, ngakho ukufaneleka kokuqoqwa nokugcinwa kwayo akulahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwayo. Le nqubo iqala phakathi nokuqhuma kwe-stevia, engabonwa kakade amasonto angu-16-18 ngemuva kokuhlwanyelwa (cishe ngoJulayi), futhi iphele maphakathi no-Septhemba.
Sika utshani ekuphakameni kwama-5-10 cm ukusuka enhlabathini bese uqoqa ngamabhanki ahlukene ukuze ulilengise endaweni enomoya omuhle, igumbi elimboziwe lokumisa. Yiqiniso, i-stevia nayo ingabe isomisiwe ngobuningi, ngokusakaza amaqabunga aqhekekile kanye nezinhlayiya ezimnandi ezithombeni ephepheni elilodwa. Uma kunokwenzeka, isibani noma isomisi kagesi sisetshenziselwa ukusheshisa inqubo, kodwa kunoma yisiphi isimo isitshalo akumele some amahora angaphezu kuka-12, kungenjalo iningi lobumnandi lizolahleka.
Njengoba ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezitshalo futhi kusetshenziswa: "Chunky", nitroammofosku, "Kemira", "Ammophos", biohumus.
Amaqabunga omile abhekwa kalula ngokusebenzisa i-grinder yokugaya ikhofi evamile, emva kwalokho angathuthelwa esitsheni seglasi ukuze agcine isitoreji. Umkhiqizo oqediwe usetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwezinto zokuphuza utshwala kanye nama-syrups, asetshenziswe ngempumelelo ebhizinisini lokudla.
Uma unesithakazelo sembewu yotshani (njengokutshala impahla yonyaka olandelayo), kufanele uqhubeke nokuvuna ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ugxile emlenzeni omnyama wesitshalo. Ungaphuthelwa kulo mzuzu, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu evuthiwe ngokugcwele iyosabalalisa phezu kwesakhiwo.
Uyazi? Ama-2-3 wezipuni we-stevia leaf plates aqoshiwe azongena ngokuphelele ingilazi yeshukela evamile.
Izinambuzane nezifo
UStevia akanalo izitha ezinkulu ezisezweni lakithi, futhi ama-parasites ajwayelekile kumaphakathi aphakathi angasongeli.
- Into kuphela engabhekana nayo ekukhuleni isitshalo kungumlenze omnyama okuyinto kwezinye izimo ezingalimaza yonke imifino utshani endaweni yokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka, udinga kuphela ukukhipha imishanguzo emhlabathini ngesikhathi esifanele, ukubhoboza inhlabathi kuhhavini noma ukuhamba ngesikebhe samanzi. Kuyasiza futhi ukumanzisa inhlabathi ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
- Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-whiteflies abamba ukushisa ahlala ezitshalweni, kodwa ayingxenye yezitshalo ezifuywayo. Ngokuhlasela okukhulu kwalesi sifo, amaqabunga asomile ngokushesha futhi aphule, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokuqeda. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuphatha ingxenye engezansi yeqabunga lamaqabunga ngamanzi asozini, bese ukhulula inhlabathi emiphakathini ngamasentimitha ambalwa bese uthele emasitini, peat noma humus.
Ukuqothulwa kwalezi zinambuzane nezidakamizwa zisebenzisa izidakamizwa "Actellic", "Karbofos" no "Fitoverm".
Yizo zonke izinyathelo zokukhula kwe-stevia ekhaya. Njengoba ubona, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi kule nqubo, ngakho-ke ungatshala utshani oluhle endaweni yakho ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngezinkinga zokulima.
