I-Utes ehlukahlukene ye-Apple iyimmeli yezinhlobo zasebusika-eziqinile nezithelo zekhwalithi yezohwebo eziyingqayizivele.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziyaphila, kulula ukunakekela, ezisheshayo-ezihambayo.
Uhlobo luni?
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula I-Rock ingokwezinhlobo zasebusika zezihlahla zama-apula. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo maphakathi no-September.. Kuncike kuzo zonke izincomo zokugcina, ama-apula angakwazi ukulala ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kuze kufike ngoFebhuwari.
U-Altynai, uNgqongqoshe, uGranny Smith, i-Golden Delicious ne-Aport nabo bangokwezinhlobo zasebusika.
Indawo enhle yokugcina izithelo yindawo enokukhanya okuphansi (noma ukungabikho okuphelele). I-cellar efanelekayo, phansi. Ukushisa kungashintsha kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-6 degrees Celsius.
Ukuvota
Umuthi we-apula uyingxenye yokuzimela, kodwa kusadingeka ukuba utshale ezinye izinhlobo zasebusika eziseduzane nezithelo eziphumelelayo.
Incazelo cliff cliff
I-Apple ehlukahlukene imifantu ihluke ngobukhulu obukhulu bekhrone nesiqu, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, izithelo zawo zilinganiselwe.
I-Apple ehlukahlukene imifantu unamandla.
Ukukhula okuphezulu kubuye kuhluke no-yellow Arkad, Northern Sinap, Arkadik, Cliff.
Ukuma komqhele kuhlukile ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa nokuvuthwa.
Lapho iphuma futhi eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, ifomu lomqhele e-Cliff liyi-piramidi, njengoba likhula, ubukhulu obuluhlaza bukhula futhi ingxenye ehlukumezayo isakazeka kakhulu.
Amagatsha amakhulu aqinile, avame ukukhula nge-angle ejulile esuka esihlahleni. Umbala wegxolo lamagatsha amakhulu - ensundu, emnyama.
Amahlamvu emthini mkhulu, ukuma kwamaqabunga ngabanye kukhonjiswe okwesikhashana, kubomvu. Umbala - obuluhlaza, obomvu, kukhona imibimbi.
Isisindo esilinganisweni sesithelo esisodwa - 125 amagremu. Ngezinye izikhathi kunezithelo zama-280 amagremu, kodwa namanje ubukhulu bawo bubhekwa njengokulinganisela.
Zonke izithelo zinomumo ofanayo ohlangene. I-peel yama-apula enemibala elamula egcwele, njengoba ivuthwa, ukugqama okubomvu kuvela ngesimo semivimbo. Ukukhwabanisa kwesithelo kubonakala. Ngezithelo zomcibisholo, amaphuzu avela emaceleni avela.
I-pulp, njengezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-apula, i-beige, ephakathi ngobukhulu futhi ihlelwe kahle. Iyakuthanda ithenda, enomuncu-enomnandi namanzi.
Umlando wokuzala
Apple ezihlukahlukene yasungulwa eSiteshini Sokulima Sama-Samara.
Unyaka lapho kuqala ukuqhutshwa kocingo lweCliff kubhekwa njengango-1977. Okwamanje uCliff usekhona esiteji sohlolo lwecala likaHulumeni.
Ngonyaka ka-2005 wawufakwe kuRejista Yombuso esifundazweni saseMiddle Volga.
Ukukhula nokusabalalisa isifunda
Isatshalaliswa ngokufudumele esifundeni se-Middle Volga. Ngenxa yobulukhuni obusika, kunezibikezelo ezinhle zokukhula ezifundeniokuyinto ibonakala ngamaqanda abandayo. Kutholakala e-Ukraine, eLithuania, eBelarus.
Ukuthela
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula ziwu-fruiting. Umkhuhlane ufika ngonyaka ka-5-6.. Njengoba izithelo zokuqala zibekiwe, zithela izithelo ngonyaka futhi ngokuningi.
Ukuvuthwa okukhishwayo kwesithelo kufinyelela kuSepthemba 15-20. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokulimala, izitshalo zikhula, ngo-9-10 ngonyaka emva kokutshala isihlahla, isivuno semithi sifinyelela kuma-80 aphakathi kwehektha ngalinye.
I-Old, Ubuhle beSverdlovsk, Lobo, Kuibyshevsky noBusika Ubuhle nazo zibhekwa njengeziphezulu.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
I-Apple Tree Cliff idinga ukunakekelwa konyaka. Ukuze isitelingi siqale ukukhiqiza isivuno esikhulu, kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo ezimbalwa ezilula zokunakekela nokutshala.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zitshalwe phakathi kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Lezi zonyaka ezimbili zithandekayo kakhulu inqubo yokuthola indawo entsha.
Uma utshala i-apula entwasahlobo, isikhathi esinconywe ngu: phakathi no-Ephreli - phakathi noJuni.
Uma kuwa, ayikho imikhawulo ecacile ezinyangeni, kodwa kukhona eyodwa isimo esibalulekile: ukufika kufanele kwenziwe okungenani amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa.
Izithombo, ezineminyaka emibili ubudala, ngaphambi kokutshala zifinyelelwe ku-80 cm, uma ubude bezimpande zingaphansi kuka-40 cm, unganciphisa umqhele. Isistimu yezimpande engakhiwe ngeke ikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokufanele ngokwanele ama-microelements adingekayo ngomqhele omkhulu.
Isihlalo seZadrenazhiruyte. Lungisa umgodi wokufika. Uhlukanise izendlalelo ezingenhla nezingezansi zenhlabathi, ingxenye yocansi elingenhla elixubene namaxube omanyolo (humus, umanyolo wamaminerali), uthele phansi emgodini ngesimo segquma.
Beka isithombo esiqongweni se-apula, eduze kwesihlahla se-apula, ukushayela emgodleni bese uqala kancane kancane ukugcwalisa umgodi wokutshala. Izendlalelo zingasetshenziselwa ukulungiswa okungcono kwesihlahla emhlabathini.
OKUBALULEKILE: Qinisekisa ukuthi intamo eqinile ayingcwatshwa, kungenjalo ukubola kungase kuqale.
Ukunisela
Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwenzalo kumele ihlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze umcibisholo uthola inani elifanele lomswakama.
Uma kwenzeka isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, umuthi kufanele ube nokuningi futhi unikezwe njalo ngamanzi. Ukuphuza okunye kufanele kwenziwe ngenani lamabhakethi amathathu.
Ukuze ungakhathazeki njalo ngomhlabathi owomile, tshala umuthi nge-sod noma i-clover carpet nxazonke - uzokwazi ukugcina umswakama eduze nesimiso sezimpande.
Ukudubula
Njalo ngonyaka kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa amahlumela ngonyaka odlule ngamaphesenti angu-20. Kudingeka futhi ukususa zonke izindawo ezilimele, eziphukile, ezibolile phakathi nobusika.. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izihlahla ze-fruiting zihlukanisa ingxenye ye-inflorescence (2-3 kuya kwezi-5 izimbali zingashiywa) izithelo zekhwalithi ezingcono.
Wonke amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele asuswe.
Ukukhipha imishanguzo ezindaweni lapho izicubu eziphilayo zihlukanisa khona, uma kungenjalo izimpande zingangena emanxebeni.
Ukuhlanzeka
Ngesikhathi umuthi usemusha, uchithe ngokucophelela zonke izitshalo ezinokhula ezikhula ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufinyeleleka kwendlela yokucwenga. Njalo ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala ebusika, ukuqoqa ngokucophelela amahlamvu awilefuthi ngesikhathi sokuvuna - khipha okungakufanele ukusetshenziswa nokudayiswa ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Iqiniso liwukuthi uma uvumela izingxenye eziwile ukuba zihlale ebusika ngaphansi kwesihlahla, zingaba izizathu zokuzalanisa amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic, ikakhulukazi, ukugula okuvamile kakhulu kwezihlahla zezithelo - isikhumba.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ngakho-ke, ake siye phansi ukutadisha izifo lapho lezi zinhlobonhlobo kubonisa ubuthakathaka.
Scab
I-apple-tree yebanga iDwala inamandla kakhulu ekumelana nesilonda, kodwa hhayi ukuzivikela okugcwele. Isikhumba sisakaza ngokusebenzisa izinhlamvuokuyinto ethuthuka ngenkuthalo emaqenjini aphelile ngonyaka nezithelo.
Spring ushiya amaqabunga amancane. Bakha izindawo zokukhanya eziphuzi, ezibonakala ngokukhanya kwe-oily. Ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga abathintekile abomile, lesi sifo sithinta ama-ovari, izithelo, namafihlekile.
Ukwelapha: kaningi kakhulu abalimi basebenzisa i-autumn ukupompela ngesisombululo se-urea, esenziwe ngemuva kokuba umuthi ushiye wonke amaqabunga, futhi umlimi wasususa ngokucophelela. Futhi, izidakamizwa ezikhethekile, ezifana ne-Skora, Bordeaux liquid and Cumulus, ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nomonakalo wesikhumba.
I-Apple crab
Lesi sifo asivamile, kodwa sengozini kakhulu kunesikhumba. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
I-agent ye-causative yi-fungus edala inqubo yokubola emagqabini e-trunk namagatsha amakhulu.
Ukubonakaliswa kwezicubu ngendlela yezilonda noma ukukhulaokungaba "ukuphulukisa" oketshezi. Uma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izindawo ezithintekile zingasusiwe, amagxolo aqala ukukhipha, lesi sifo singena esihlahleni. Uma unesifo somdlavuza we-apula, Isihlahla sesithelo ngaphandle kokwelapha singaphila iminyaka emithathu.
Ukwelashwa: ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo, izindawo ezithintekile zisusiwe, futhi amaphuzu aqunyiwe ahlanjululwa ne-Bordeaux liquid noma pitch pitch. Nquma amagatsha aphethwe amagciwane kanye namagxolo ashiswa ngaphandle kwensimu.
Ku-apple carcinoma, izindawo ezithintekile azisekho futhi azibuyiselwe.
Idonsa likaMealy
Ukutheleleka kwe-fungal, okubonakalayo ekwakheni i-pladery "plaque," eyenziwa ngabalimi besikhombisa ngokuvamile ukuthi bayangcoliswa ngothuli.
Isibhunu esengeziwe uthola uboya omnyama, amaqabunga aphile futhi awele, futhi lesi sifo sivame ukubhubhisa ingxenye engaphakathi yesiqu.
Ukwelashwa: Susa zonke izindawo ezigciniwe, amaqabunga.
Ukukhipha imishanguzo ezindaweni zokuhlukaniswa nokusoka.
Ngemuva kokwelapha izinkuni ngesisombululo sezidakamizwa "I-Topaz" ngesilinganiso se-2 ml ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi.
Ngemuva kokuhlushwa, udinga ukucubungula umgwaqo we-Bordeaux liquid.
Gcwalisa u-5-6 cm we-topsoil phakathi kwengxube yomanyolo kanye nezimpande ukuze izimpande zigweme ukuxhumana ngqo nomanyolo.
Unganaki nokuvimbela izinambuzane. Ngokuvamile, izithelo zezithelo zingatholakala ezitshalweni zezithelo, inundu, i-apple moth, ama-silkworms nama-haws. Indlela yokuziqeda, funda izihloko eziqondene nesayithi lethu.
Uma unquma ukukhetha ukuthungwa kwe-cliff, sicela wazi ukuthi ngeke ikunike inkinga. Ukumelene nokukhanda, ukubekezelela kahle izinga lokushisa eliphansi, kuyobe kukhuthaze ngisho nokushisa okubandayo futhi kuyokujabulisa ngokuvuna okuningi kwama-apula amahle namanzi.
