Semen Fedorovich Chernenko wadala iqoqo le "Apple Calendar Chernenko" eliqukethe izinhlobo zama-apula ezigcwalise zonke izinyanga emva kokuvuthwa.
Lesi sihloko sizogxila ezihlukahlukene zasebusika. Renete Chernenkookuyinto ithatha indawo yayo yokuhlonipha kule kalenda.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe kulesi sihloko.
Uhlobo luni?
U-Renet Chernenko - umele ubusika sekwephuzile ibanga lezimboni.
Ama-apula angagcinwa kwisitoreji sezithelo kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-235.
Kungcono ukugcina ama-apula ngamabhokisi enkuni ekushiseni kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-2 ° C kanye nomswakama ophezulu 85-90%.
Hlola ezinye izinhlobo ze-apula zasebusika: Lada, Cliff, uRennet Simirenko, i-Snowdrop, Isipho se-Grafsky, I-Persianka, i-Rozhdestvensky, i-Spartan, i-Starkrimson, i-Fuji, i-Krasa Sverdlovsk.
Ukuvota
Izinhlobonhlobo Renet Chernenko iyingxenye self-impova, kanti izinhlobo best of apula izilimo ezivotelayo okufanele atshalwe eduze Rennet Chernenko kukhona: Rennet Gold Kursk, Striped Autumn, Pepinka Lithuanian, Welsey, Antonovka ezijwayelekile, Northern synapse.
Incazelo ezihlukahlukene Renet Chernenko
U-Renet Chernenko ungumuthi onamandla ozohlala ensimini yase-amateur.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla ngomnyaka we-15 wokuphila yenza 4.8 amamitha ngophawu lomqhele ngaphakathi 5.4 m
Umqhele uyisiphephelo, uhlangothi. Emkhatsini wesihlahla kukhona obala futhi ongavamile.
Amagatsha ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile nesiqu ekhoneni ngezinga elikhulu. Amagxolo omuthi unamaqhwa-aluhlaza, futhi amahlumela asundu-obomvu, futhi eduze kwe-trunk futhi iba yi-gray-green.
U Reneta Chernenko i-branching ephakathi, futhi amahlumela amasha avela kusuka ehlathini phezulu kwezinyathelo zonyaka odlule nakuzo ezifihlekile ezilandelayo 2-3, amashidi ambalwa efihlekile, futhi okuphansi kakhulu kuhlala ku-hibernation.
Phakathi nonyaka wokuthuthukiswa, amahlumela amaningana akhula ngezikhwama zezithelo - ukunciphisa, ukukhula noma i-rosette yeqabunga. Ngezikhathi ezithile kunezisekelo ezimbili.
UKrohn unamahlumela amaningi amaningi - kolchatok, amahlumela, i-kopeytsev.
Izithelo zivela emahlumela wonyaka odluleikakhulukazi emahlathini. Amahlumela ngokwawo awanamandla kakhulu, aqondile, ngamalenti amakhulu angavamile.
Amahlamvu kunezihlahla ezimbalwa kulezi ezihlukahlukene likhulu kunokulinganisa. Umbala ubumnyama obumnyama, umumo uyisivinini esikhulu nesisekelo esizungezile nesiphuzu esiphezulu esicacile.
I-serration yeqabunga i-crenate, leli qabunga lincinyiwe kancane emgqeni omkhulu, futhi izingqikithi zalo zingama-wavy kancane. Amaqabunga atholakala maqondana namahlumela nge-angle elula. I-underside ye-sheet ishicilela kancane, futhi phezulu iyabushelela futhi icwebezela.
I-leaf stalk inezici ezilandelayo: ubukhulu obuphakathi, obunemibala, i-pubescent, enezinhlamvu ezincane nezincane.
Izimbali ze-apula kaRenet Chernenko: ezincane, ezinjenge-saucer-like. Mhlophe, amacembe kancane wavy. Ama-anther ngezansi ama-rylets phansi phansi ububanzi.
Izithelo zakhiwa kusuka ezimbali ngezici ezilandelayo: usayizi - omkhulu. Isisindo - amagremu angu-110-180. Ifomu - ihlanganiswe igcwele.
Izithelo ngesitshalo esisodwa ukuma okufanayo nosayizi.
Ubuso buhamba kancane kancane eduze nesitshalo.
Ipeyin elegantly aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-garnet encane noma obomvu obomvu ehlangothini olukhanyayo.
Isikhumba asinamaqabunga kakhulu, asinamahloni, kodwa sinamahloni, ubuso bunzima.
Amaphuzu angaphansi kwamanje akhona, kodwa amancane futhi ayengabonakali, kunamaphuzu okulimaza. Peduncle encane, ephihliwe, ehlanganiswe esikhwameni sesithelo. Funnel - orzhavlennaya, hhayi ejulile, ebanzi.
Cup elikhulu kunamazinga aphakathi, ihafu evulekile ku-saucer ebanzi ngokukhamba kancane. Isidleke sembewu ifomu elincane - i-bulb, amakamelo avaliwe ngaphandle kwesigcawu se-axial.
I-Podchashechnaya tubule ayixhumi nesidleke, isakhiwo sivulekile futhi sihlotshiswe ngamapulangwe. Imbewu ubukhulu obuphakathi, obumnyama, obomvu. Pulp iwayini-elimnandi, elinomswakama elimnandi, elimhlophe, elincane, elinamanzi, ene-vitamin C.
Wasebenza ekuzaliseni lezi zihlukahlukene S. F. Chernenko ku-All-Russian Research Institute izakhi zofuzo kanye nokukhethwa kwezitshalo zezithelo kubo. I.V. Michurin.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Izinhlobonhlobo zakhiwe ngenxa yokuhlwanyela imbewu Reneta Pepenova kusuka impova yokukhulula.
USemyon Fedorovich wabiza ngokuthi udumo I-N.I. Kichunovayingakho egqoka elinye igama nguRenet Kichunova.
Ibanga lifakwe kwirejista kaHulumeni ngo-1986.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Ngokwale ncwadi yokubhalisa, u-Rennet Chernenko angadalwa kulezi zifunda ezilandelayo: Central, Central Black Earth, Middle Volga, Ural, Volga-Vyatka, eNyakatho-West.
Izindawo zezinhlobo ezisakazeka kakhulu - I-Central Black Earth Zoneikakhulukazi Ingxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia neBashkortostan. E-Bashkiria, ukumelana nobusika akukona okuphakeme kakhulu, kuncane kakhulu kune-Antonovka.
Ukuthela
Kuzo zonke izifunda, uRennet Chernenko uqala ukuthela izithelo ngokusebenzisa Iminyaka engu-7-8 emva kokugoma lapho uneminyaka eyi-15 i-apula isinika ukuvuna cishe ngo-62 kgfuthi kakhulu 120 kg.
Ukutshala kususwa ngo-Septhemba, nama-apula avuthwe embhedeni ngoNovemba futhi angagcinwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ukuze ube nesivuno esiphezulu udinga ukwazi mayelana nama-nuances okutshala nokunakekela lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-apula.
Funda ngezinhlobonhlobo eziphezulu zokunika izihlahla ze-apple: Gala, Augusta, Winter Pear, Lyubava, Apple Spas, Stroyevskoye, Sokolovskoye, uBely Pour, Lobo, Indodakazi kaPepinchik.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Njengoba ufunde ukuthi ungatshala kanjani lezi zinhlobonhlobo ngokunembile nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani kahle, uzokwazi ukuthola isivuno esiphezulu iminyaka eminingi.
Imithetho embalwa yokutshala okufanele kwezihlahla ze-apula:
- Izihlahla ze-Apple kufanele zitshalwe entwasahlobo, kuze kufike amaqabunga, noma ekwindla - ngemuva kokuthi amahlamvu ewile.
- Kodwa ekwindla kudingeke kwenziwe Amaviki amabili ngaphambili okokuqala isithwathwa, ngoba izithombo azikwazi ukuthatha izimpande emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
- Uma ekwindla kubanda, ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo.
- Uma uthenga izithombo emakethe, kufanele zihanjiswe, emva kokubeka inhlanganisela ngobumba futhi ehlanganiswe ngesikhwama samanzi.
Ngemuva kokuhamba, izimpande kufanele zifinyezwe ngosizo lwe-secator, kodwa izimpande kuphela ezibolile noma ezithintekile yizifo, ukukhula.
Uma izimpande zomuthi zomile, zifanelekile izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, indawo emanzini.
Kubalulekile! Ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi wobumba noma ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, umgodi awukwazi ukushiywa uvulekile isikhathi eside. Kungcono ukutshala izihlahla enhlabathini kuphela entwasahlobo.
Uma uhlala endaweni ye-non-chernozem, izithombo zidinga ukutshala entwasahlobo, futhi ekwindla kufanele kugobe endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yesakhiwo - ugobe imbobo emibili ejulile bese ubeka izihlahla lapho, uthele futhi ufafaze ngesihlabathi.
Futhi emva kwamaqhwa, umgodi wagcwaliswa ngokuphelele nenhlabathi, ushiya kuphela ingxenye engenhla yamagatsha ebonakalayo.
Imithombo yamanzi kufanele ilungiswe kusengaphambili: ekwindla - inyanga nenyanga yentwasahlobo - izinyanga ezingu-4-5.
Umgodi wokufika kumele uhambisane nemigomo elandelayo: izindonga zeplamu, okungenani isigamu semitha ejulile, ububanzi obuncane 70-120 cm
Okulandelayo, udinga ukuthululela umquba (obolile), ibhakede lomhlaba kusuka kusendlalelo phezulu kanye namaminerali omanyolo. Faka kuze kufike kahle. 50%.
Lapho umgodi ulungisiwe, kuzothathwa isigxobo kulo futhi umuthi uzobekwa ukuze intamo yentamo yayingu-30 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi, zibophezela ekusekeleni bese zifaka ingxube ezimpandeni.
Kufanele kube intaba ephansi.
Okulandelayo, ubeke phansi, uphuze futhi ufafaze ngotshani, i-sawdust noma utshani.
Ukutshala okufanelekile kwembewu kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola isivuno esihle.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlela ukunakekelwa okufanele kwesihlahla.
Iqukethe izigaba eziningana:
- Ukudla
Izihlahla zikhula kakhulu ngehora lokugcina likaJuni, ngesikhathi esifanele kufanele zondliwe ngama-fertilizer liquid. Ngesikwele esingu-1. Ukuklanywa komqhele kudinga amalitha ayi-10 omanyolo kusuka kumquba wamanzi.
Ingabe udinga izikhukhula emva kwemvula noma ngaphambi kokuchelela okuzayo. Udinga ukuthululela ukudla okuphekwe ngaphambilini emithonjeni eyi-15 cm ejulile
- Ukunisela
Eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala emva kokutshala i-apula yalezi ezihlukahlukene kuzodinga ukuphuza njalo. Kusukela ngosuku lokutshala kuze kube phakathi kukaJulayi uzodinga manzi umuthi okungenani izikhathi ezingu-5. Emthini owodwa kuzodinga mayelana 30 amalitha amanzi.
Izihlahla ezivuthiwe zidinga ukuphuziswa ngephethini ehlukile. Ngesikhathi sokuqala baphuziswa engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni, okwesibili ngenyanga, bese ngo-Agasti futhi. Futhi ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, izihlahla ziphuziswa okwesine.
- Khulisa.
Uma ungawunqamuli umuthi, isivuno siyobe sincane kakhulu, ngoba kuzokwakhiwa ambalwa amahlumela ohlangothini. Ngenxa yalokho, amagatsha amakhulu aguqa kakhulu ngaphansi kwezithelo ezisindayo.
Isikhathi sokusika izihlahla singakafiki fruiting: ekuqaleni kwe-fruiting, ngesikhathi se-fruiting.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokunakekelwa kwezihlahla ze-apple zikaRenet Chernenko, esizikhulume ngenhla, ukuvikelwa kwama-apula ngokumelene nezinambuzane ezifana nezinambuzane namagundane kufanele kufakwe esigabeni sehhotela.
Ukuvikelwa kwezidakamizwa izokhonza ucingo lwezintambo ezingajulile isigamu semitha ende badinga ukumba emhlabathini ngamasentimitha angu-30.
Uboya be-Glass - Uma ugoqa izihlahla nazo, ama-rodents ngeke akwazi ukuwalimaza, futhi uzovikela izitshalo kusuka ku-frost.
Uma ama-rodents agubha ama-trunks, kufanele umboze izindawo ezilimele nge-pitch engadini bese uwafaka nge-foil.
Lolu hlobo lwezinkuni luphikisana kakhulu nesikhumba, okuyinto enenzuzo. Kodwa uma isikhumba sisaqhubeka sishaya lesi sihlahla, ungawususa ngokusitshala umuthi isisombululo sethusi noma sulphate yensimbi.
Ukuvikela lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane kufanele kuthathe izinyathelo eziningana:
- bamba futhi uhlanze imibuthano ye-pristvolny;
- ukwenza izihlahla ezihlanzekile;
- i-whitewash;
- faka izakhiwo zokuzivikela;
- spray the apula izihlahla nge izinambuzane.
Izinhlobonhlobo Renet Chernenko iyigugu kakhulu, enezici ezifana: ukumelana kwasebusika, ukuvunwa okufanayo, ukumelana nesibalo, ikhwalithi yokugcina okuhle, ukuzithokozisa okuyingxenye kanye nokunambitheka okuhle kwezithelo.
Buka ividiyo ngendlela yokuvikela umuthi we-apula kumagundane.
