Abalimi manje banesithakazelo esikhulu ku amantombazane nabancane izinhlobo ze-apula.
Lezi zihlahla zithatha isikhala esincane, ngakho-ke ungatshala ama-apula amaningi wezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukene kulesi sakhiwo, ziphansi, kulula ukukhetha ama-apula, zinezithelo zokuvuthwa ezinobungane, kakhulu isivuno esikhulu, fruiting iza ngokushesha - Eminyakeni 4-5 emva kokufika.
Ukuphulukiswa okuphela kwezihlahla ze-apula ukuthi abahlali isikhathi eside, kuphela iminyaka engu-15-20 kuphela.
Manje izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla ze-apple ezinamahlathi ziye zahlushwa, ngakho-ke ungakhetha umuthi ofanele kuwo wonke amapharamitha.
Isihlahla se-Apple I-Bratchud ─ okusha ama-apula ahlukahlukene, incazelo nesithombe esilandelayo kulesi sihloko.
Uhlobo luni?
I-Bratchud ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika.
Ngemva kokuqoqa ama-apula alezi zihlukahlukene kugcinwa Izinsuku ezingu-140.
Kungcono ukubeka izithelo ngamabhokisi enkuni enezikhala ezinkulu futhi uzibeke endaweni emnyama, epholile ngomoya wokushisa emoyeni. 10-15 degrees.
Igcinwe kahle ezinqolobaneni ezinkampanini ezikhethekile, kodwa akukho neze kanye namazambane.
Izinhlobo zasebusika zezihlahla ze-apula nazo zihlanganisa: Bryansk Golden, Venyaminovskoe, Zvezdochka, uRennet Chernenko no-Snowdrop.
Ukuze impova, i-bratchu engcono kakhulu etshalwe eduze kwezinhlobonhlobo zeSokolovskoye, i-snowdrop, emangalisayo, emanzini, emaphepheni.
Incazelo ye-Bratchud ehlukahlukene
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala kwe-apula nezithelo.
I-Apple Tree Bratchud ─ esincane esincane. Ukuphakama kwalo kwizinhlanzi zembewu Amamitha angu-2.7kwi-clone kusuka ku-1.2 kuya kumamitha amabili.
Umqhele womuthi ugcwele izindlu. Amahlumela amancane amancane, ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, akhula ngokushesha.
Ama-apula angena i-ribbed, ubukhulu obuphakathi, i-oblong shape, eceleni kwezithelo kukhona umqubu womzimba.
Isikhumba sincane kakhulu, sithobekile, siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemibhoshongo enesibindi. Inyama imhlophe, igcwele. Apple ine ukunambitheka okumnandi nomuncu. Izithelo isisindo kusuka 140 kuya 250 amagremu.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-apula, njengephayona lase-Orlovsky, i-Molodezhny, i-Aromatny, i-Skala ne-Orlinka, ingaziqhenya ngendlela enhle kakhulu.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
I-Bratchud yakhiwe ngabasebenzi beSouth Ural Research Institute for Fruit Growing.
Esikhathini sokusebenza kuye inhlamvu eyinqamule Ural Winter izinhlobo nge Ukukhala kukaVydubetskoy.
Ngo-2002, izihlahla ezintsha ze-apula zathathwa ngempumelelo. Igama livela ekuhlanganiseni kwamagama amabili: umfowethu omangalisayo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezimangalisayo ziphinde zakhiwe kule sikhungo.
Ngendlela, ekuqaleni lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazibizwa ngokuthi ibinzana eliphelele: umfowethu omangalisayo, futhi kuphela lapho kubhekwa isicathulo esincane esifomini.
Isifunda sokukhula nokusabalalisa
Izihlahla ze-apula zokuqala zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zatshalwe ezindaweni South Ural neSiberia. Esikhathini esizayo, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazilungiselelwe izindawo I-Altai, izifunda ze-North-West yaseYurophu.
Ngokwezici zalo zingakhula kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia.
Isihlahla esiqinile sasebusika. Igcina frosts kuya -40 degrees. Izinhlobo zasebusika-eziqinile zihlanganisa: I-Veteran, Winter Beauty, i-Moscow Late, i-Orlovskoye Polesye ne-Ostankino.
Ukuthela
Fruiting njalo, ngonyaka, ifika kakade ngonyaka wesine ngemuva kokufika.
Kusuka esihlahleni sisusiwe kuze kufike ku-120 kg wama-apula. Izithelo zivuthwe ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu izinhlobo ezahlukene: uJonathan, Volzhanka, Welsey, Ural amaningi kanye noLobo.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukutshala izinhlobo ze-apula Isihlahla se-Bratchud senziwa ngendlela ejwayelekile, njengezinye izinhlobo.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-apula yalezi ezihlukahlukene ─ entwasahlobo Uma kunesidingo sokutshala i-apula ekwindlake kufanelekile ukwenza kungakapheli ukuphela kukaSeptemba ─ ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Okufanelekile, i-apula kufanele itshalwe enhlabathini evundile, ngakho-ke kuvuna ukuvuna okuhle.
Kodwa i-bratchud ikhula futhi iveza izithelo futhi emhlabathini onesihlabathi nomhlabathi. Kungcono ukukhetha ukuthi ivikelwe ezindaweni zomoya zensimu.
I-Pit for landing yenza isikwele, isigamu semitha ububanzi nokujulile. Ngaphansi kwegodi ukubeka i-peat noma i-humus.
Ibanga phakathi kokuma kwe-apula kufika kumamitha amathathu.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izimpande ziqondise ngokucophelela.
Ukulinganisa kufakwa emgodini futhi kungcwatshwe. endaweni yokugoma. Emva kokufika, uthele amabhakede amathathu amanzi.
Isikhathi sokuqala emva kokutshala i-apula isihlahla se-Bratchud idinga ukuchelela okuhle njalo amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo.
Ngaphambi kokuhluma i-apula wanisela kathathu kuya emihlanu ngonyaka, ngesikhathi esisodwa kuya ezinhlanu zamanzi. Eminyakeni emithathu emva kokutshala, i-apula isanisela ngekhambi lamaminerali omanyolo. Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-apula isuswa futhi ikhululiwe.
Uhlelo lwempande lezihlahla ze-apula seluseduze nomhlaba, ngakho-ke badinga indawo yokukhosela ebusika.
Kuyasiza ebusika ngaphandle kokulimala. Uma i-apple tree Bratchud ikhula esizeni ngamanzi asemhlabathini aphezulu, bese kuthi ukuwasha kwe-prewinter akufanele kwenziwe.
I-Apple yesihlahla se-Apple Bratchud zidinga izihlahla, ngenxa yokuthi izithelo zibekwe kanjani emgqeni womuthi ngokulinganayo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekukhipheni amahlumela abuthakathaka, ukuze umuthi we-apula awuchithe amandla kuwo.
Lapho izihlahla zikhishwa amagatsha asebuthakathaka eside nesitokisi, ubukhulu obukhulu ngokweqile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo emgqeni ungashiyi izindawo ezingenalutho.
Kutuswa ukunciphisa izinso ezingenhla.ukushiya ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi kukhona isilinganiso.
Lokhu kwenziwa entwasahlobo, kodwa ikhulile phansi kwesihlahla.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Isihlahla singashaywa isikhumba. Izingxabano zalo zithwala kalula umoya. Kungatholakala ngokuhlola amaqabunga azo zonke izinhlangothi.
Uma kunamabala aluhlaza oketshezi ohlangothini oluphambene, okungase kugcine luphendule umnqumo omsundu, khona-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi umuthi uthinteka ngesikhumba.
Kusukela emaqabunga //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html iya esithelweni, ziqhekeka, isikhumba singena ngaphakathi, kanti isitshalo silahleka kuze kube phakade. Ingozi enkulu kakhulu yelolonda elinjalo eminyakeni emanzi.
Ukuze kuvikelwe ukunqotshwa kwe-scle isikhala ifakwe nge-3% ye-Bordeaux liquid ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, khona-ke ukupuniza kungabuyekezwa esiteji sefihlekile. Emva kokuvuna udinga spray the tree nge 5% urea.
Izindlela zokwelapha isihlahla esivele sithintekile zixhomeke esikhathini lapho ukutheleleka kwaqala khona:
- ngenkathi kukhula kwezinso ezifakwe nge-3% Bordeaux liquid;
- ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwefihlekile ─1% Bordeaux liquid and oxychloride yethusi;
- emva kokuqhakaza, enye yezinto zokulungiselela i-fungicide;
- emva kokuba izithelo ziqoqwe, isisombululo se-urea esingu-5%.
Unganaki nokuvimbela izinambuzane ezinkulu zezihlahla zezithelo zama-apula. Isibonelo, ngokumelene nesithelo se-sapwood, i-apple miner moth, i-haws, i-pinworm ne-silkworms. Nguyiphi phakathi kwabo ephumelela kakhulu ekufundeni ezihlokweni ezihlukene zesayithi lethu.
Inzuzo enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo zeBratchud ukuvunwa kwayo okuhle, isethulo kanye nezithelo eziphezulu zezithelo, ngakho-ke, lezi zihlahla ze-apula zinezindawo ezihloniphekile emasimini kulo lonke elaseRussia, kanye nabanye abancane.
