Yamukelwe ngu Abalimi baseBelarus I-hybride engaphakathi yakhiwa masinyane kwesikhala se-Soviet. Ukungena ezifundeni ezintsha, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-hybrid zithola amagama amasha.
Ngezinye izikhathi umuthi ubizwa ngokuthi "i-hybrid ye-cherries nama-cherry," e-Belarus ngoba ngokuvamile isetshenziswa igama elihle Siyabonga
Kuzo zonke izindawo, lezi zihlukahlukene, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-cherry-cherry, ziyabizwa UMbusi noma uMbusi.
Leli gama livela egameni le-hybrid yokuqala yokuqala eyavela eNtshonalanga Yurophu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-7: uMeyi uDuke. Abalimi baseRussia ngezinye izikhathi babiza leli cherry I-Gamma.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Abalobi bale hybridi ye-interspecific kukhona E.P. I-Syubarova, P.M. Sulimov noM.I. I-Vyshinskaya evela ku-Research Institute of Horticulture yaseBelarus.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ezimbili zakudala zaseYurophu zithathwa njengababili bomzali: i-cherry yokuqala yaseSpain I-Griot Ostgeim kanye ne-cherry yaseJalimane Denisena Yellow.
Kusuka kuGriot Ostgeim Zhivitsa ebolekiwe ukuvuthwa kokuqala kanye nosayizi omkhulu wezithelouvele eDenisena frost ukumelana, ubumnandi kanye fruiting njalo.
UZhivitsa uselerejisti yombuso wezinhlobonhlobo kusukela ngo-2002 Isifunda esiPhakathi saseBelarus, kusukela ngo-2005 - ezweni lonke. Manje le hybrid ikhule ngokuphumelelayo I-Ukraine ne-Russia ephakathi.
Izinhlobo ezifana neLyubskaya, iMayak neMorozovka zihlonywa kulezi zifunda ngempumelelo.
Ukubukeka kwe-cherry Resin
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala komuthi nezithelo.
Isihlahla
I-resin ingumuthi ukuphakama okuphakathi umuthi omdala ayidluli amamitha amathathu. Umqhele ujikeleze, ubukhulu bawo buncane, amagatsha ezinhlobonhlobo aphakanyiswa futhi ahlaselwa.
Isithelo
- ezihlukahlukene zinamajikijolo ubukhulu obuphakathi noma obuncane kunaleyo, umbala we-cherry, umumo ohlosiwe;
- isilinganiso sesisindo isisindo 3.7 amagremu;
- i-pulp ibomvu obomvu, enomsoco kakhulu, ngobukhulu bendawo;
- amajikijolo anomunambitheka omnandi kakhulu ovumelanako ngokumunyu omncane. Izinga lomsebenzi ukunambitheka kwamaphuzu angu-4.8;
- ithambo elincanyana, isakhiwo nxazonke, ehlukaniswe kahle emgqonyeni wezithelo.
Ukunambitheka okumangalisayo kuboniswa yiChernokorka, Fairy noVyanok.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ama cherry izinhlobo Resin:
| Ukwakhiwa | Inombolo |
|---|---|
| Ushukela | 8,7% |
| I-acid titrated | akukho ngaphezu kuka-0.81% |
| I-ascorbic acid | 0,42% |
| I-Pectin | 0,15% |
Isithombe
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
I-Turpentine ibhekisela kuma-cherries ukuvuthwa kokuqala. Ukuvuthwa komthengi kuza ngasekupheleni kukaJuni noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziqala ukulimaza ekuqaleni: izithelo zokuqala zingatholakala kakade ngonyaka wokutshala.
Ukuqina okuqinile kuqala kusukela eminyakeni engu-3-4. Esikhathini esizayo, izithelo ze-hybridi njalo, enikeza isivuno esihle ngonyaka.
Lapho uhlelo lokufika: Amamitha ayi-5x3, isivuno singu-10-14 t / ha.
I-Resin iqhuma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. I-Hybrid iy ukuzimela. UZhukovskaya, uMalinovka noPodbelskaya nabo badinga impova.
Njengoba ama-pollinator angcono kakhulu kuye atusa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama cherry noma ama-cherry. I-Novodvorskaya, I-Vyanok, Inombolo yesithombo 1.
Ukuhluma okuhlukahlukeneyo ekukhuleni konyaka odlule nasezikhungweni zezimbali.
Ukushisa kwebusika kuhle kakhulu. E-Belarus, ukushisa kwamaqhwa kwakungabonwa nakubusika obubandayo.
UVolochaevka, Shokoladnitsa noLebedyanskaya nabo bangaziqhayisa kakhulu ubunzima bebusika.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
I-Resbri ye-Hybrid ihambelaniswe kahle njengaye ekwindla, ngakho-ke entwasahlobo ukufika. Kubalulekile ukugcina isikhathi esihle sokutshala imbewu.
Kuzo zombili izimo, kungcono ukutshala isitshalo esincane ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuphuza nokutshala.
Ngaphambi kokufika kudingekile ukuguqula amagatsha awonakele kanye nezimpande.
Umgodi wokufika ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ukujula kwalo kufanele kube 40-45 cm, ububanzi - isigamu semitha noma ngaphezulu. Umhlabathi ovundile kufanele ulungiselelwe izimpande ezipulisiwe.
Ukugcwalisa izimpande ngomhlabathi, kuhlanganiswe kahle.
Emaphethelweni emgodini wokufika, kudingeka wenze i-roller encane ibambe amanzi okunisela.
I-sapling yaphuza kakhulu emva kokutshala ezinkundleni eziningana amanzi elanga. Konke ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi 2-3 amabhakede.
Uma emva kokuphuza kokugcina inhlabathi ihlezi, ukudalula i-collar yezimpande, kuyadingeka ukuthululela umhlaba owengeziwe. Khona-ke umbuthano omkhulu i-mulch.
Kubalulekile! Izitshalo zomquba nomquba ngesikhathi sokutshala ngeke zisetshenziswe, njengoba zingalimaza izimpande ezincane, ezizolimaza izinga lokusinda.
Ukutshala i-cherry kuqala ngo-3-4 ubudala, okungukuthi lapho kuqala ukuhluma. Umanyolo we-organic (umquba obolile, umquba, i-sapropel) kanye njalo eminyakeni 2-3.
I-phosphate ne-potash usawoti kufanele ifakwe ekupheleni kwesikhathi esiyandayo, futhi i-nitrogenous ekuqaleni.
Ngokushesha emva kokuqhakaza, lesi sitshalo sincibilika kalula. Umanyolo obunzima nge micronutrients.
Ukunisela kufanele kube njaloikakhulukazi ehlobo elomile. Iningi le-Cherry badinga amanzi ngesikhathi sokuthululwa kwesithelo.
Lapho ukuchelela uqaphele umswakama ungena ekujuleni hhayi ngaphansi kuka-40-50 cm
I-pruning gum cishe ayidingi ukusika izihlahla: umqhele ukhula kancane, ukuqina kwamagatsha ngokuvamile akugcini. Kubalulekile ukusika kuphela asebekhulile, ngaphezu kwamagatsha aphihliwe nalabo abakhululekile.
Ukukhula komsuka kwi-Zhivitsa engxubevange cishe akuzange kuvele. Lokhu kokubili ikhwalithi enhle nehle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulula ukuzinakekela engadini, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akunakwenzeka ukusabalalisa ezihlukahlukene ngale ndlela.
Ukuze kuzalwe, izimbiza zezitshalo zingasetshenziswa, kodwa ukuhluma kwazo kuncane kakhulu, futhi izithombo azihambisani ncamashi nezici ezihlukahlukene.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izifo nezinambuzane Zhivitsa zijwayele kancanenjengezinhlobo eziningi ze-hybrid.
Akathintekile noma i-coccomycosis noma i-monilial burn, lapho eminyakeni yamuva i-cherry plantings ihluphekile kakhulu.
Futhi ukumelana ne-coccomycosis yi-Tsarevna, i-Minx, i-Ashinskaya ne-Fairy.
Ngokuvamile ama-aphid ahlala esitshalweni.. Ngisho nezinyoni (starlings, rooks) zilimaza le hybrid kancane kancane kunezinye izinhlobo zama cherry.
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-agronomic, ukunambitheka okuhle nokungahlehlisi ukunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid iZhivitsa kumnikeza umgwaqo omkhulu epulazini nasemasimini amateur.
Ikhono lokumelana nesimo sezulu esibanda kwenza kube lula ukukhula le hybrid ye-cherry ne cherry eningi ezindaweni ezingasenyakatho. Uma unesithakazelo ezinhlobonhlobo zama-cherry, ungaqapheli i-Moscow Griot, Toys neLyubskaya.
Buka ividiyo yensimu enolwazi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zama cherry kuhlanganise nezihlobo ezihlukahlukene zeZhivitsa.
