Izithelo ezimnandi ngephunga elimangalisayo - apula isihlahla ezihlukahlukene "Orlik"

I-Orlyk apple ehlukahlukene iyasakazwa kabanzi eRussia, eBelarus nase-Ukraine.

Isihlahla sinesayizi encane, yingakho kuphumelela ngokukhethekile ukuhlala emasimini angasese.

Futhi inzuzo yezinhlobonhlobo ukuphikiswa kwamaqhwa kanye nokugcina okuhle kwezithelo.

Uhlobo luni?

Isihlahla se-apula e-Orlik ehlukahlukene siwumuthi ukuthi ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika zokuvuthwa.

Izithelo zibhekwa njengokulungele ukuvuna ekupheleni kukaSeptemba.

Ngaphansi kwezincomo ezigcinwe kwisitoreji, isivuno singagcina kuze kube sekupheleni kukaFebruwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi.

Kunconywa ukugcina isithelo esingaphansi noma ekamelweni lokugcina lokugcina, lokushisa okufunwayo: 7-5 ° C.

Kubalulekile ukugwema ukushisa okuphazima kweso.

Gcina ama-apula emabhokisini epulasitiki, amabhokisi amapulangwe noma ama-plywood. Uma ugcina endaweni ebandayo, isibonelo, ebhaleni, fudumala isitsha kancane.

UGranny Smith, Golden Delicious, Idared, Altynai noYybyshevsky nabo bangabasehlobo bama-apula asebusika.

Ukuvota

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Orlik ze-apula yizinhlobonhlobo ezithandekayo, ngakho-ke kudingeke ukuba utshale izinhlobo zokuvuna.

Okufanele kakhulu kanye nezinhlobo eziphakanyisiwe zokuvotela kwe-apple Orlik: Kandil Orlovsky, Sunny, Stroyev.

Izivunguvungu ezivumelekile: Aphrodite, Kurnakovskoe.

Incazelo ezihlukahlukene "Orlik"

I-apula yomuthi i-Orlik inokukhula okulinganiselwe, izithelo zincane, ngezinye izikhathi ngobukhulu obuphakathi. Apple tree sredneroslaya. Umqhele awunzima, uhlangothi oluhle nxazonke.

Amagatsha aphakanyise iziphetho futhi aqondiswa esitokisini nge-angle ye 90%. Ibhakede lomuthi we-apula ubushelelezi ngomthunzi ophuzi.

Leli qabunga linesayizi enkulu, ubuso obunamathele kanye nomumo ovoid. Le ndawo iyingozi, umbala uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Leaf kancane bent kuya vein central, bent futhi ukhomba.

Ubukhulu obuphakathi bukhona, ama-specimens ngabanye anenani elingaphansi kwesilinganiso. Isisindo esincane: 120-100gr. Umumo uhlelwe kancane, ucabange.

Amasheya amakhulu asuke angacacisiwe. Faka umbala ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kokugcina okuphuzi okukhanya okubomvu obomvu obomvu. Inyama ine-tone ye-beige ekhanyayo enezingubo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isakhiwo sinomsoco, sihlunga kahle futhi sinamanzi, sinomnandi omuhle kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-apula nazo zingaziqhenya ngokuhle: U-Orlovsky Pioneer, i-Ekranny, i-Big Folk, i-Orlinka ne-Aromatny.

Isithombe

Ukuvela kwama-apula we-Orlik kungabonakala esithombeni ngezansi:

Umlando wokuzala

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Orlik ze-apula zakhethwa kuqala ngo-1959. Inqubo yokukhethwa yenziwa e-Oryol izithelo zendawo yokwelapha nezitshalo zokuhlola.

Ukuze udale i-Orlik, kwasetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili: Bessemyanka Michurinskaya neMekintosh kakade iqhaza ngokugcwele ekuzaleni izinhlobo ezintsha.

Ababelethi baba ngabadali bezinhlobonhlobo: E.N. I-Sedov ne-T.A. Trofimova. I-Orlik ayizange ifakwe ngokushesha kwiRejista Yombuso yokuzalisa izimpumelelo - iminyaka engaba ngu-10 yenza ukuhlolwa kokuqhathaniswa nokuqina kwamaqhwa, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zithuthukisiwe kakhulu eminyakeni.

Isifunda esikhulayo

Isakazwe esifundeni saseRussia, ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bemithi, isivinini kanye nemifino ye-fruiting, u-Orlik usakazeka ensimini ye-Ukraine ne-Belarus.

Namuhla, umuthi we-apula we-Orlik utholakala ezindizeni eziningi ezizimele.

Ukuthela

Izithelo zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. I-Orlik ehlukeneyo ikhiqiza inqwaba yezitshalo futhi ihluke kakhulu ngokungaqondile.

Ukuqala kokuvuthwa kwemithi kungu-4-5 wempilo yomuthi emva kokutshala. Umthamo wokuvuna ukwanda minyaka yonke.

Imiqulu ehlongozwe ngokunakekelwa okufanele:

• Iminyaka engu-7-8 yokuphila - 15-35 kg yesitshalo;
• Iminyaka eyi-10-13 yokuphila - kg 55-80 yesitshalo;
• 15-20 iminyaka yokuphila - 80-120 kg kwezitshalo.

Izinhlobo ezifana ne-Antonovka ejwayelekile, i-Marat Busurin, i-Kuibyshevsky, i-Veteran ne-Winter Beauty nayo ikwazi ukuvuna kakhulu.

Ukufika

Ukuze umuthi wakho uphumelele futhi ukhule ngokugcwele, kufanele ulandele imihlahlandlela embalwa elula yokutshala nokukhathalela.

I-orlyk apula tree ingahlwanyelwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla.

Uma utshala umuthi we-apula ekwindla, qiniseka kungakapheli amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda, njengoba isithombo sidinga ukujwayela iqhwa.

Izimo zokutshala i-Orlik apula:

1. Ubukhulu bomgodi: ububanzi - 100 cm, ukujula - 50 cm.
2. Uma ugoba izimbobo, uhlukanise izingqimba zomhlaba zibe ezansi nangaphezulu, uzibeke emathini ahlukene.
3. Pheka umanyolo.
4. Ingxenyana engezansi yomgodi ogubiwe kumele igcwaliswe ngomhlaba, okwakususwa enqabeni engaphezulu yensimu, ngoba iyona evundile kakhulu.
5. Ezinye izendlalelo zenhlabathi enezinhlobo ezahlukene zemanyolo. Ungakhohlwa ukuqondisa izimpande ze-sapling. Ngaphandle kwalokho, usengozini yokuthola isihlahla ngesimiso esingenampilo.
6. Nisela umhlabathi, inani elinconywayo lamanzi lingama-15-20 amalitha.
7. Faka isimiso sezimpande emgodini bese usimboza ngobuncwane obusala benhlabathi evundile, bese ufaka umanyolo omncane. Ithiphu: lapho utshalisa kancane ukusikhipha isithombo, khona-ke umhlabathi uhlukaniswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezimpande. Ngemuva kokuqeda umgodi wokufika, uphonse phansi phansi eduze kwe-sapling, wenze ingxube yombumba ezungeze isihlalo ngobubanzi obufinyelela ku-1.2 m.

Ukunakekela

Ukunakekela i-apulale ye-Orlyk kuyadingeka ukuze kuvune isivuno esikhulu futhi esihlwabusayo.

Umanyolo

Ukugqoka kokuqala kwe-apula kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuhlanganisa nitroammofosk kanye nama-gramu angu-30 e-ammonium nitrate. Phakathi ne-fruiting, ama-gramu angu-140 we-superphosphate, ama-gramu angu-50 we-potassium chloride kanye nebhekheni lomquba.

Ukuze ukwandise umthamo oluhlaza, kubalulekile ukwengeza umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen izikhathi ezintathu phezu kwesikhathi (umquba wenkukhu, umquba, njll)

Phakathi nenkathi ye-fruiting, njalo futhi ngokukhululekile ukhulule umhlabathi.. Ngakho izimpande zingagcwele umoya-mpilo.

Ukudubula

Entwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukuba uhlakulele amahlumela izithombo. Ukudubula kwenzeka emikhakha engenhla emithini yabantu abadala.

Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze i-apula isisebenzise amandla ayo hhayi engadini, kodwa nge-fruiting.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukususa amahlumela endala, abonakaliswe futhi angadingekile.

Ngaphambi kwebusika, hlaziya ngokucophelela amaqabunga ngaphansi kwe-Orlik. Njengoba kungaba namabhaktheriya abangela isifo.

Hlanganisa izihlahla kulo lonke isikhathi ngenkathi uketshelwa umhlonyane, ugwayi, umlotha, uphepper obabayo. Ngezenzo ezinjalo, unciphisa ingozi yezinambuzane.
Ukuze ukhule nge-apula enempilo, susa ngokucophelela ukhula olukhula ngaphansi kwesihlahla.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Izitha eziyinhloko ze-apula u-Orlik yi-cytosporosis, i-powdery isikhutha, isikhumba.

I-Cytosporosis

I-agent causative yalesi sifo iba isikhunta, esihlala emagqabeni ka-Orlik, ngenxa yalokho okufomayo kwamehlo amnyama phezu kwesiqu.

Lesi sifo sisheshe sithatha indawo, isihlahla siqala ukuphela. Amagxolo esakhiweni sesilonda awela, amagatsha awela.

Lesi sifo siba nesondlo esanele, singabangelwa yi: umhlabathi ompofu, ukungabi namaminerali okugqoka, okungajwayelekile noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuchelela okuningi.

Ukwelashwa: Ama-ulcers aphathwa ngesidakamizwa esithi "Hom", kufanele ihlanjululwe kule nxenye elandelayo: 40 gr. amalitha ayishumi amanzi. Lokhu kuphalaza kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuphumula.

Isigaba sesibili - ngaphambi kokusila. Kudingeka ukhiphe ishubhu sulfate, umthamo: 50 g amalitha ayishumi amanzi. Isilinganiso sokugcina: sishaye emva kokuwa kwezimbali, senziwa "Ikhaya".

Idonsa likaMealy

Isifo esenzeka ngenxa yefungus engalimaza zonke izingxenye ze-Orlik ezihilelekile ku-fruiting.

Ibonakala ezinyathelweni zokuqala ezimhlophe, okubukeka njengokusanhlamvu kwefrifu, yingakho abalimi abangenalwazi ngezinye izikhathi bathatha uthuli.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqhuma kuphenduka amabala omnyama, amnyama. Amaqabunga aqala ukuma bese ewa; izithelo zomuthi phakathi nalesi sifo azibophekile.

Ukwelashwa: Ngentwasahlobo, ukuze bavikele, bahlanza i-apple ngesihlahla se "apula"; emva kokuphela kwezimbali, umuthi uphathwa ngethusi le-chlorine oxide.

Ngemuva kokuvuna, ngesisombululo sensimu evamile yamanzi noma ukulungiselela i-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Scab

Izifo ezivuthwa yizinhlamvu ze-fungal. Ivela emaqabunga avuthiwe njengendlela yokuqhakaza obomvu, amahlamvu ashisa ngokushesha futhi awe. Uma isikhumba sithinta izithelo, ungakwazi kalula ukuqaphela ukusikeka nezindawo ezimnyama nezimpunga.

Izithelo ezithintekile azikwazi ukusetshenziswa, zishiswa ngaphandle kwensimu.

Ukwelashwa: Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuvela kwamacembe, cubungula isixazululo somuthi "i-Topaz". Ukwelashwa kwesibili kwenzeka ngemuva kokuba umuthi we-apula usuphelile, ngenxa yalokhu kudingekile ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo "Sulfur colloid" noma "Hom".

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi izinambuzane zingasongela izihlahla ze-apula. Kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezifanelekile ngokumelene nenundu yokudoba, i-moth yezimayini, ama-haw, ama-silkworms nezithelo ze-sapwood.

Uma ungumnikazi wensimu encane yangasese futhi ufuna ukuzenzela umuthi wesithelo, ngokungangabazeki, i-apula ye-Orlik iyoba yisinqumo esifanele kuwe.

Ngokunakekelwa kahle, uzomangala kakhulu umthamo wesitshalo kanye nobude bokugcinwa kwawo; izithelo zinganikeza umndeni ngamavithamini ngesikhathi sonke sasebusika. Ama-apula amancane okulondolozwa nokudla okuluhlaza.