Lesi sitshalo sinalo igama likaNkulunkulu othukuthele weThunder kusukela emphakathini wamaqaba wamaSlavic asendulo. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuyisiko kumbhali we pearl amapolokwane aseSlavic yasendulo.
Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, igama lezithelo izitshalo, okuzoxoxwa ngalo, lihambisana kakhulu nobuqili besifunda lapho lukhulile khona. Futhi lesi sifundazwe iSiberia, futhi lokho kusho konke.
Kungenxa yezimo zayo zezulu eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezingavumelekile (okungenani maqondana namapheya athanda ukushisa, ngencazelo) ibanga elithi "Perun" Ibonakala kahle kakhulu futhi inenzuzo, ngokuqhubekayo kulesi sihloko incazelo ye-agrotechnics, izithombe zezithelo nabalimi ukubuyekezwa.
Uhlobo luni lwamapheya alubhekisela?
Lesi sithelo siyingweba. uhlobo lwekwindla sekwephuzile. Ukuze uvuthwe izithelo zawo ziqala kusukela phakathi no-Okthoba. Inqubo yokuvuthwa kokugcina kwesithelo iqhubeka isikhathi esithile futhi iphela ngokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala.
Lapho igcinwe ezinhlobonhlobo ekamelweni pear izinhlobo "Perun" ungalahlekelwa yizimo zabo zangaphandle kanye nokunambitheka kuze kuJanuwari.
Lapha kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwamapheya ekwindla esihlahleni kubhekene neqiniso lokuthi izithelo zilahlekelwa ezinye zezinzuzo zazo. Abalimi abaningi abanolwazi ususe izinsuku ezingu-8-10 ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kokugcina. Ngemva kokulala phansi ngemva kokususwa kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ziba ngcono kakhulu kunamapheya ahla esihlahleni.
I-Bere Bosk, i-Uralochka, iDonent Silent, ubuhle be-Svetlyanka neSamara nazo ziyizinhlobo zekwindla.
Kukhona okunye okunye, "okuyimishini", isizathu sokuthi kungani izithelo ezivuthiwe kufanele zisuswe izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kokugcina.
Njengomthetho, ekupheleni komjikelezo wokuvuthwa, amapheya e-Perun abe isisindo esinzima kakhulu. Izithelo ezinjalo zenzeka emoyeni Kulula kakhulu ukuwohloka, ngaphandle kokuthayipha ukunambitheka kwabo okuhle.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, leli siko eliphakathi kwamapayipi lingelazo izitshalo ezithandayo. Ukuqondene nalesi sigaba kusikisela ukuthi umuthi akakwazi ukuzitholela impova impova yayo.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe abantu basePerun "ukuvundisa okuvamile nokuvunwa okuvunyelwe, eduze kuyadingeka ukutshala ama-pollinators amabili noma amathathu, ehluma ngesikhathi esifanayo. Banikeza umuthi nge-cross-pollination eyengeziwe.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nezifunda zokuzalanisa
Izinhlobo eziphakathi kwamaparele ePerun zahlushwa emasimini okuhlola e-All-Russian Research Institute Yokulima eSiberia. M.A. Lisavenko (Barnaul) iqembu labazalisi kuleli I-Puchkin (umholi weqembu), E. Karataeva, I. Kalinina, M. Borisenko.
Lapho udala intsha, i-pear yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-hybride No. 10821 isetshenzisiwe (umbhangqwana womzali "Umzukulu" futhi "Bergamot"), ewela ngebanga "Winter Deanka".
Lesi sitshalo siseqenjini lezinhlobonhlobo ngakho okuthiwa i-Altai Ukukhetha. Kanye noPerun, lolu hlu lubandakanya uSvarog, uLel, Kupava kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamapheya, okwakhiwa ngokuqondile ngezimo zezulu zezimayini zaseSiberia.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-pear echazwe yaba yinkinga kakhulu kunezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo ezisemaphandleni zaseRussia, futhi akukho okubi kakhulu kunekhwalithi yemikhiqizo eqoqwe.
Ngandlela-thile, amagama amaSlavic anamagama amanga amaningi amaningi awahlobene nesikhathi esidala sezakhi zofuzo zalezi zitshalo. Ngaleso sikhathi, inhloko yeqoqo labalobi yayithanda kakhulu umlando nenkolo yamaSlav asendulo, ngakho-ke uPolchkin wayezihlonipha umlando waseRussia, amathekisthi alo kanye nezindlovu zasendulo zadluliselwa emapheyheni abawadala.
Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi ukuzama ukwenza izindawo ezihlukahlukene ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zaseSiberia (ikakhulukazi, ezindaweni zaseNovosibirsk, Tomsk naseKemerovo) azizange zikhishwe ngempumelelo.
Ngenxa yezici ezakhiwe zamagatsha, incazelo yangaphandle nesithombe esilandelayo esikhathini esilandelayo, i-pear ehlukeneyo i-Perun ayikwazi ukuthela izithelo ezinhlobonhlobo ezinzima zemvelo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Frost yi-Forest Beauty, i-Chudesnitsa, i-Yakovlevskaya, i-Otradnenskaya ne-Fairy Tale.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-Perun
Izinhlobonhlobo zinezici ezilandelayo zangaphandle nezakhi:
Isihlahla Ukukhula okujwayelekile - okuphakathi, kwezinye izimo ezinemvelo enhle ikakhulukazi nentuthuko kungaba ngaphezu kwesilinganiso. I-trunk ihlanganiswe namagxolo omthunzi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Crown, amagatsha. Umuthi we "Perun" uhlukaniswa umqhele oqhamukayo, onomumo okhangayo wangaphandle, oseduze nendawo eyodwa. Amagatsha amaningi awanamanzi kakhulu, ukuqina kunqunywa njengendlela ephakathi.
Amahlumela. Yiba nengqikithi ye-arcuate. Umbala ovelele wamahlumela uwuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izithelo zezithelo ziboshwe ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo ze-kolchatka ezilula neziyinkimbinkimbi.
Amahlamvu. Emaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, njengombuso, uhlamvu olubanzi lwe-egg oluyindilinga lukhona. Ipuleti leshidi elijwayelekile linomcabango omncane. Ubuso bepuleti bubushelelekile kuze kube yilapho uthinta khona. Amaphethelo aqinile futhi acishe abe flat of the amaqabunga cishe ayinakho noma iyiphi izinsimbi. Amaqabunga aqoshwe emanzini amnyama okweluhlaza.
I-Inflorescences Iphele elipulayo "Perun" liqala ngosuku oluthile.
Izithelo. Esikolweni esithathwe emthini omdala, izithelo zokuphakama eziphakathi naphakathi nangaphezulu zikhona (ikakhulukazi eminyakeni enhle). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphakathi eliphakathi kwesihlahla isilinganiso esiphakathi kuka 140-170 g, nakuba kunezithelo ezinzima kakhulu.
Isici esivelele salezi ezihlukahlukene, ngokusobala, yi-asymmetry yezithelo zayo ezingalingani, okuyilapho ngokuvamile kukhonjiswe khona ukuhlushwa okuncane.
Akusilo mnandi kakhulu, omhlophe, oily kancane, ngokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, i-pulp iye yaveza iphunga elimnandi.
Inyama, ebonakala yomile nge-juice encane, ihlanganiswa nesikhumba esicwebezelayo, esincane, esicwebezelayo.
Umbala wesithelo ngaphambi kokuwususa esihlahleni uhlaza, emva kokuvuthwa isikhumba sithola umbala wegolide ophuzi.
Esikhathini esikhumbeni eziningi izindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zihlukaniswa ngokucacile. Ngaphakathi kwezithelo ezinkomeni ezincane zembewu yehlobo oluvaliwe kukhona ezincane, imbewu encane.
Amapheya agcinwa egatsheni ngokusebenzisa iziqu ezincane ezigobile.
Isithombe
Izici
Lolu hlobo lwepeyimu yensimu libhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo zomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izithelo zawo zihle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuhluke kakhulu - ezisha, ezomile, futhi futhi njengento eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni izithelo ezihlukahlukene ezihlwabusayo, ezinomsoco nezempilo, ujamu, i-jelly, i-marmalades, i-dessert.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwabathengi, i-fetus ithola kahle ukunambitheka okumnandi okumuncu komdwebo we-dessert.
Okunye ukungalungi "kwe-Perun" kuwumzwelo ngenkathi bedla i-grit yokugaya eyenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-juiciness.
Amakhemikhali amapheya avuthiwe afakwe kule nxenye:
| Ukwakhiwa | Inombolo |
|---|---|
| I-Sahara | 12,8% |
| I-acid titrated | 0,45% |
| I-ascorbic acid | 5.8 mg / 100 g |
| Ama-Tannins | 58 mg / 100 g |
| Ama-P-asebenzayo | 58 mg / 100 g |
Isihlahla sesithelo sebanga elibekiwe iqala iminyaka engu-4-5 emva kokutshala.
Umuthi omdala ukhiqiza isivuno esivamile, esibonakala ngemigomo elinganisiwe.
Ikakhulukazi, ekulimeni amapulazi ase-Altai - izwe lakubo "Perun" - Izitshalo ezilinganiselwe ngomuthi ngamunye zifinyelela ku-18 kg.
Ezimweni zaseSiberia eliphakathi kwePerun ibonisa ukuqina kobusika okwanelisayo, nakuba liphansi kunezinhlobo zakudala zaseSiberia "Lukashovka" ngepharamitha ecacisiwe.
Okwamanje uma kwenzeka ikakhulukazi izinkuni zasebusika ezinzima kakhulu zingafisa kancane. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuzaliswa izinhlobo "Perun" Kunconywa ukuba ukhokhe ngokukhethekile izimo zezulu ezikhona endaweni yokutshala okuhleliwe.
Kulezi zifunda, izinhlobo ze-pear zikhulile ngempumelelo: Tonkovetka, Sverdlovchanka, Severyanka, Feeriya noSeveryanka abomvu-cheeked.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi "uPerun" yahlwanyelwa ukulima ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni zaseSiberia, kusukela kulokhu akuyeki ukuba isitshalo esithandana nesishisa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu Ukutshala izithombo kumele kwenziwe endaweni evikelekile kahle.
Akufanele kube nemidwebo eqinile namanzi angaphansi komhlaba eduze komhlaba. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - kule ndawo kufanele kube nelanga eliningi.
Isithunzi esinomsoco nesithakazelisayo siyoba kunomthelela ekuqothulweni kwamagatsha amancane angathuthuki futhi ngeke avumele ukuvuna isivuno esihle esihlahleni.
Ngokuqondene nokwakhiwa okufanele kwenhlabathi endaweni yokutshala, iningi i-chernozems, i-loams noma i-loams enesihlabathi iyadingeka. Ezingxenyeni ezinesihlabathi nezomdaka, ukulima kwepeyari kungenzeka uma ubeka umgodi omuhle wokutshala, i-acidity ephansi kanye njalo (njalo ngonyaka) umquba womhlabathi.
Ngaphansi kokutshala isithombo sokumba ukujula komgodi okungaba ngu-1 m nobubanzi buka-70-80 cm. Kuze kube yisikhathi sokufika, umgodi kufanele ume ngaphakathi kwamasonto amabili.
Ngaphambi kwalo kufanele uthele isixazululo se-lime (Izibuko ezimbili zamanzi amalitha ayishumi). Inhlabathi ekhishwe ngesikhathi yokumba ixubene ne-humus, isihlabathi ne-superphosphate.
Ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi, izimpande zesithombo ziyathululelwa ngenkathi zitshala. Ngalokhu kuyakhe intamo impande kufanele ihambe 5-7 cm emhlabathini.
Ngaphansi komuthi ngaleyo ndlela etshalwe ngayo I-shaft ye-3-4 cm e-shaft shaft yakha umbuthano osondelene-nesikhala esingama-35-40 cm.
Ngaphakathi komngcele owenziwe Thela amabhakede amabili wamanzi ahlukanisiwe. Ngemuva kokuthola umswakama, indawo yokuchelela Fafaza nge-humus mulch eyomile (2-3 cm).
Ukunakekelwa okuphakathi kwamapheya kusikisela ukuphuza njalo izinkuni (njengommeleli wezinhlobo zaseSiberia, "Perun" idinga ukuchelela okwengeziwe ekuqaleni kwehlobo), ukufaka umhlabathi efanele, kanye nokusika izikhono.
I-pruning yokuqala kumele yenziwe nge-seedlingokuyinto ezokwenza umqhele ozayo ifomu elifanele futhi uqinisekise ukuthuthukiswa kwayo evamile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izihlahla ezivuthiwe zidinga ukusika izihlahla ukususa amagatsha afile nabaningi.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Iphakathi kwe "Perun" ngokwemvelo Kuhle kakhulu ngokumelene nezifo ezinkulu ze-fungal.
Izinhlobo zama-pear resistant diseases: i-Chudesnitsa, iChizhovskaya, i-Skorospelka yaseMichurinsk, eMoscow ekuqaleni kwe-Oryol nobuhle.
Ngokusho kokubaluleka kwabalimi, lesi siko cishe asisaguli. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezinambuzane eziningi.
Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona isifiso sokuqhubeka nokuvikela lesi sitshalo kusuka kumagundane nokushisa kwelanga, amagatsha ase-shtamb namagatsha ayagqugquzelwa ukumboza noma yiziphi izinto eziseduze.
Kusuka ezinambuzaneni kuzosiza kahle i-lime mortar, ephathwa nge-trunk yesihlahla.
Ngokuqaliswa ngokucophelela nangokweqile kwayo yonke le mithetho elula kakhulu, ungathembela eliphakathi kwekubonga umnikazi wayo ngokuvunwa okuhle kakhulu.
