Phakathi kwama-fertilizer amaningi anamuhla, i-perlite ne-vermiculite ayikho endaweni yokugcina e-floriculture yangaphakathi. Kungakadluli, abantu abambalwa bengazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi basebenzise lezi zinto ngezinhloso, kepha namuhla ungabathenga kalula kunoma iyiphi i-flower shop.
Naphezu kokuthi i-perlite ne-vermiculite yezitshalo zifana kakhulu, umehluko usesekhona, futhi manje sizoyithola ukuthi yiyiphi.
Kuyini i-perlite
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuqhathaniswa kwe-perlite ne-vermiculite, cabanga ngalunye lwezinto zokwakha ngokuhlukile.
I-Perlite iyidwala le-volcanic origin futhi kubhekwa njengamaminerali ewusizo kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokuxhumana ne-lava ebusweni bomhlaba, noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba ipholile, i-mineral ebizwa ngokuthi i-obsidian, eyakhiwa kamuva ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. I-obsidian hydroxide ephumela kuba yi-perlite.
Le ndaba eyandakazeka kakhulu kunazo zonke ezitholakala embonini yokwakha, lapho isetshenziselwa umsindo nokushisa ukushisa, kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yomlilo. Ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngokuqondile kwe-perlite kudlula ukwelashwa okushisa emagumbini akhethekile, lapho kunethonya lokushisa okuphezulu, likhula (njenge-popcorn).
Ngenxa yalokho, sithola i-agroperlite, enikezwe ngendlela yezinto eziningana ezihambisanayo. Ezolimo, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi, kodwa ekamelweni lokugaya kube yindlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa ishlabathi.
Iyini i-pearlite efana nezimbali? Eqinisweni, kulula ukuchaza, ngoba i-perlite eyandisiwe, njenge-vermiculite echazwe kamuva, ifana kakhulu nesihlabathi esivamile. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali e-perlite cishe kufana nesihlabathi, ngoba kusekelwe ku-silicon oxide (IV).
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ukulungiswa kwezinhlanganisela eziningi zenhlabathi akubizi ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kwesihlabathi, ngoba ukutholakala kwawo enhlabathini kunikeza ukuphefumula okuhle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ukhula izitshalo ngesistimu yezimpande ezibuthakathaka, ezifaka izimbali zasendlini, uzoba nezinkinga ezincane kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Ukusetshenziswa koqweqwe lwamanzi nokukhipha izingxenye ezisemhlabathini kuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwezitshalo.Nokho, naphezu kwazo zonke izimo ezinhle, isakhiwo sokwakha ngeke sisebenzise izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bancomeka ukuthi basebenzise kuphela izinto ezihlanjululwayo e-floriculture, nakuba kunzima ukuthola izakhamuzi ze-megalopolises zasemadolobheni.
Okunye okungokwemvelo kwale sandada yi-perlite, ngoba i-inert engamakhemikhali futhi ayiyona into enomdlandla, okusho ukuthi umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukukhulula inhlabathi, kodwa akusekho. Ngokusetshenziswa kwalesi sihloko, uzobe usinyamalale inkinga yokwakheka kwe-crust engxenyeni engenhla yenhlabathi, evame ukubonakala njengomphumela wokulandela umhlaba (nje ufafaze nge-perlite surface surface). 
Phakathi kokungabi nalutho kwalesi sabelo somhlabathi kukhona icala eliphansi eliphansi, ngenxa yokuthi le nto ayikwazi ukubopha nokuqoqa izakhi zamakhemikhali ezisemhlabathini, nakuba ngokuvamile lokhu kungadingeki.
Uyazi? Ukusebenzisa i-agroperlite kuqeda ngokuphelele ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukhula. Lesi sici sichazwa ukushisa okuphezulu (1100-1150 ° C) okuhambisana nokukhiqizwa kwawo emafini. Okusho ukuthi, ngokushisa okubi kakhulu, ukubunjwa kwezinto eziqediwe kuphela akukwazi ukuhlala nanoma iyiphi imbewu noma izibungu ezinambuzane eziyingozi.Esinye isici se-perlite yisenzo saso sokungabi namandla, okumele sicatshangelwe lapho kukhula izitshalo ezidinga ubuhle obukhulu be-substrate (isibonelo, phakathi kwekamelo labahlali - i-gardenias ne-azaleas). Ngaphandle kwalokho, umthamo we-perlite osetshenzisiwe kufanele uhambelane nesilinganiso somhlabathi, okungukuthi, izitshalo ezinezimpande ezibuthakathaka, ezidinga inhlabathi engavamile, zizodinga futhi ngaphezulu kwe-perlite.
Akukwazi ukusho ukuthi izitshalo ezinezimpande ezinamandla kakhulu zihlala kahle ezweni elinobukhulu futhi elinamakhaza, kodwa inani lemininingwane echazwe kwi-substrate lingancishiswa ngokuphepha.
I-Perlite iyinhle kakhulu ekutheni i-rooting cuttings, futhi ukuhluma kungenzeka ngisho nangendlela yayo ehlanzekile.
Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, abalimi basebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-perlite ne-peat noma i-sphagnum.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa imbewu yokuhluma, ngoba uma ixutshwe, igalela ukusabalalisa okunye okufana nomhlabathi. I-powdering eyengeziwe engaba khona yilezi zinto.
Uma ukuhluma kwamanzi i-perlite i-rooting kusiza ukugwema ukubola kwawo, futhi uma ikhulile ezinhlameni ze-pearlite zezitshalo nezimbali zemifino, izifo ze-fungal (isibonelo, blackleg) azivamile kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uthela izinto ezimile, kudala uthuli oluningi, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulihambisa ngaphambi kwamanzi.Ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lokungafihli, lokhu kusetshenziswa ngokuvamile ku-hydroponics, lapho kusetshenziselwa kokubili ngendlela ehlanzekile futhi kuhlanganiswe ne-vermiculite.
Iyini i-vermiculite
Vermiculite i-mineral engxenyeni ye-hydromicas. Lokhu kuyimvelo enobungane (cishe eyinyumba) engenazo izinto ezinzima noma ezinobuthi. Kumele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi akukwazi ukubola noma ukubola (okuvame ukubangelwa ukuchazwa kwamagciwane) futhi akuyona indawo enhle yamagundane nezinambuzane.
Ngaphandle, i-vermiculite yilapho okutholakala khona i-vermiculite yempahla ngenxa yalokho, emele ngombala ombala ompunga futhi igcwele izingxenyana ezinkulu ze-mica ehlanzekile. Izingxenyana zalo ezinkulu, eziphakathi nendawo ezincane ziyizinto eziningi ezikhethiwe ezihlala zifanelekayo ezihlukahlukene zemixube.
Izingxenyana ezincane ze-ore zifana nothuli noma isihlabathi, kodwa ngokujwayelekile zingabizwa ngokuthi yi-storehouse yezinto zamakhemikhali, okwathi ngezikhathi (ngaphansi kobukhona bendawo ethile) izikristalu zamellar ze-mica zakhiwa.
I-ore isetshenziselwa izitshalo zokucubungula lapho iqoqo le-mica elihlanzekile liqoqwa khona, bese lihlungwa futhi lithunyelwe ukuze lisetshenziswe embonini kagesi. Izinto ezisele zithunyelwa ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okunye okusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwe-hydrothermal kuhhavini lokuthutha (elibhekiswe ku-1400 degrees Fahrenheit).
Ngenxa yalokho, izingxenyana ze-ore zivame futhi zilungele, ziphenduke zibe izibalo ezihlukahlukene ezibukeka njenge-vermicelli. Esikhathini esizayo, yonke inqwaba ewumphumela iyachotshozwa futhi iba njengama-flakes ofayizi obuhlukahlukene: kusuka othulini kuya kobukhulu bezinhlamvu zemali.
Itholakala ngokugaya i-vermiculite, enegama i-agrovermiculite, - impahla enesibindi, elula futhi eningi, enezingqimba ezingavamile. Iqukethe izakhi eziningi ezisebenzisekayo ezitshalweni zezitshalo, okuphakathi kwazo okungukuthi i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-aluminium, i-potassium, i-iron ne-silicon. 
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwe-perlite ne-vermiculite ngokuqondile ukutholakala kwezakhi zokulandelela kulezi zinsuku. Noma kunjalo, iningi lalezi zinhlayiyana zingenakufinyeleleka, ngenxa yokuthi i-vermiculite ayikwazi ukuthathwa njengomhlinzeki oyinhloko wazo zonke izakhi ezidingekayo zezitshalo.
Umthamo omkhulu we-ion-exchange of vermiculite uvumela ukuthi ugcine ions elihle kakhulu i-magnesium, i-potassium, nezinye izakhi zomanyolo eziswe emhlabathini, futhi kancane kancane zinike izitshalo.
Izinto ezichazweyo zihlukile futhi zanele ngokwanele umthamo womswakama, ngoba lapho imanzi ithatha isisindo izikhathi ezinhlanu ngaphezu kwayo.
Kubalulekile! Ngisho nokucabangela lesi sici, ukusetshenziswa kwe-vermiculite okwenza inhlabathi ibe nzima kakhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ikwazi ukukhanya kalula ngenkathi inikezela kahle umswakama.Isici esivamile se-perlite ne-vermiculite yezimbali yikhono lokusebenzisa ngezindlela ezahlukene: ngendlela ehlanzekile (isibonelo, ukusika imifino noma imbewu yokuhluma) futhi njengengxenye yezinye izingxube.
I-Vermiculite ivikela ngokuphelele uhlelo lwezitshalo zezitshalo kusuka ekuguqulweni kwezinga lokushisa, okubaluleke kakhulu lapho likhula izitshalo, futhi njengoba liyinyumba, aliqukethe ama-microorganisms kanye nefungi, liphinde libheke amandla okuvimbela ukubonakala kokubola nezifo ze-fungal. I-cuttings ibekwe empande ye-vermiculite kahle futhi ivumele inzalo.Lesi sici senze le ndaba ibe ingxenye engcono yezingxube zomhlaba ngezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene (kuze kufinyelele ku-50% we-substrate yomhlaba), futhi ukuphelelwa amandla, i-porosity kanye nomswakama womswakama njalo kubuyela evamile.
Ngenxa ye-asidi engathathi hlangothi (pH), i-vermiculite inciphisa kakhulu i-acidity ye-substrate yomhlaba iphinde inciphise inqubo ye-salinization yayo.
Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zezinto ezibonakalayo zibonakala ngesikhathi sokugcina ubusika kwezitshalo ezinobuningi, ngoba ukuziphatha okuphansi kwe-thermal ukuvumela ukuthi kugcine ukushisa kwezinga lokujikeleza eduze kwama-bulb, kuyilapho kugcinwa ukushintshwa kwegesi evamile. Ama-bulbs afakwa kulokhu awakwazi ukubola, futhi ngeke ashintshwe yi-fungal infection.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-perlite ne-vermiculite
Ngemva kokuhlolisisa i-perlite ne-vermiculite ngokuningiliziwe futhi ejwayele ukujwayela kanye nezakhiwo zayo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-nuances ziyakwazi ukuphawula (isibonelo, uma usebenzisa izinto zombili izinhlanganisela zenhlabathi ngeke zilandele, futhi i-crust ayifaki ebusweni be-substrate), kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi zifana ngokuphelele. .
Ukufunda izici ze-perlite ne-vermiculite nokunquma ukuthi yini engcono emibala yakho, okokuqala, kufanele uqaphele umehluko omkhulu: umbala omnyama we-vermiculite kanye nokukwazi kwawo ukuqoqa futhi ukukhulula kancane kancane amaminerali namanzi. Yingakho, ukukhetha lokhu, izitshalo zokunisela kuzodinga ukunciphisa.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-perlite ishesha kakhulu ukuyingxenye ne-liquid, okusho ukuthi imvamisa yesingeniso sayo emhlabathini, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwanda.
Zombili lezi zinto zivela emfuleni, kuphela i-perlite - ivele incibilike futhi isetshenziswe ngesihlabathi (ingilazi ingashiwo)futhi i-vermiculite iqukethe nezinye izithako ezenziwe ngamaminerali.
Uma udinga ukucubungula ama-cuttings, kungcono ukunikeza okuthandayo ku-vermiculite. Ihlinzeka ngokunciphisa okuncane ngesikhathi sokugaya (ukusika kancane), akufaki i-voids uma igcwalisiwe futhi inezindawo eziphansi zokuqeda (ayinayo umonakalo onokulimaza ezimpandeni).
Futhi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-perlite, i-vermiculite ingaphansi kwe-hygroscopic ne-ionic encane. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo ze-perlite nazo azikwazi ukunakwa, ngoba inikeza ukusatshalaliswa kwama-capillary emswakama, unikeza uketshezi lula futhi kumile ngokushesha phakathi kokunisela.
Bobabili i-perlite ne-vermiculite banezici ezinhle kakhulu, okwenza kube yi-substrate enhle yezimbali zasendlini, kodwa ngokuqonda ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwabo, ungenza isinqumo esifanele esimweni ngasinye ngabanye.
