Oh, yeka iphunga elimnandi elithi "March": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezici zayo

Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinamathela kakhulu zama-apula angabizwa ngokufanele Mashi.

Yathola igama layo ngenxa yokuphila okuhle kwethala lesithelo.

Ngaphansi kwayo yonke imithetho yokugcina, izithelo ezinomsoco, ezinomsoco zizokuthokozisa kuze kube ngu-Mashi.

Uhlobo luni?

Lezi zihlukahlukene ziye zasakazwa kabanzi ensimini yeRussia ephakathi.

Apple tree March ekwindla, skoroplodny grade.

Isikhathi se-fruiting yabo siwela ngenyanga ka-Okthoba.

Ama-apula avulekile awawa.

Izithelo zinokulondolozwa kahle futhi zigcinwe endaweni emnyama, epholile. zingase zilale izinyanga ezingu-4 -5.

Izihlahla ze-Apple zalezi zihlukahlukene zizikhiqiza. Ama-pollinator afanele kunazo zonke azoba yizinhlobonhlobo: i-Bogatyr, i-synapse yaseNyakatho.

Incazelo ye-apple tree March

Kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, izihlahla ze-apula ziyahlukahluka ngokubukeka. Izici ezivelele kakhulu zikaMashi zinikezwa ngezansi.

NgoMashi uhlobo oluthile lwe-apple elide, elinomqhele obuningi, hhayi obuningi kakhulu.

Ukuphakama Izihlahla ze-Apple zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zingafinyelela kumamitha angu-7.

Amahlumela i-pubescent ngokuqinile, emnyama.

Amahlamvu isimo se-oval, esikhulu, esiluhlaza.

Ipuleti leLeaf ama-wrinkled, ama-jagged edges.

Izithelo ngokulinganayo ihlukaniswe kuwo wonke umuthi. Ama-apula angapheli agcinwe kahle.

Isisindo sesisindo izithelo ezivuthiwe eziba ngu-150 g. Ama-apula ngokwawo ahlaza, ahlotshaniswa, anekhanda elincane elibushelelezi.

Phezu komntwana amaphuzu angaphansi kwesabelo.

Umsizi kanye nososo ububanzi nokujulile. Imbewu yayizilinganiso eziphakathi futhi ikhona ezinqolobaneni zembewu evaliwe.

Pulp ezimhlophe, ezinamanzi futhi ezinomsoco.

Ukunambitha elimnandi nelomuncu.

Isithombe

Izithombe ezimbalwa ongabona ukubukeka kwama-apula "Mashi":

Umlando wokuzala

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenziwe kwi-Institute. Michurin, ngo-1971. Kuthuthukiswe lokhu okuhlukahlukene iZI. Ivanova, S.I. Isaeva, G.A. Lobanov.

Ama-cultivars ase-Apple Macintosh ne-Antonovka athathwa njengesisekelo. Esikhundleni somuthi womama senziwa izinhlobo ze-apula zemithi Antonovka. Ukuwela izihlahla kukhethwe iminyaka. kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi.

Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwaba ngaphansi 18 izihlahla, ngokuba impova ephindaphindiwe, impova yayithathwe kuphela 11 yimpumelelo kakhulu.

Ngemuva kokuvuthwa okuphumelelayo okuphindaphindiwe, abalimi bathola imbewu yezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha. Kamuva, ngemva kokudlula ukubopha okuyimpoqo, le mbewu yatshala.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha kwazinzile, futhi ngemfundo yayo eyengeziwe, inqubo yomqeqeshi yasetshenziswa. Izinhlobo ezinzima ezikhiqizwa ezimweni ezinzima zezulu.

Isifunda esikhulayo

I-Russia Ephakathi yisifunda sokukhula kwemvelo kokuhluka kukaMashi.

Izinhlobonhlobo zivumelane kahle ngokushintsha izimo zokukhula.

Kodwa-ke, kuthanda kakhulu ukuba ibe nenhlabathi emanzi nezimo zokushisa eziphakathi.

Lapho ulungisa izimo ezihlukahlukene esimweni esomile nesishisayo, isihluthulelo sokulondoloza impilo ye-apula kuyoba ukuchelela okunamandla futhi inhlabathi evumise njalo,njengoba izinhlobo ze-apula uMartovskoe bakhetha inhlabathi enomswakama kahle.

Lapho ukhula ngesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu, umuthi we-apula uzizwa ujwayelekile.

Leli banga unenhlanhla enhle ye-frost futhi umuthi cishe awusoze ukhululeke.

Kodwa ngeke kube yindawo yokupheka ngezikhuni ngezikhuni zemvelo entwasahlobo nasekwindla.

Ukuthela

Ukukhiqiza izinhlobo zikaMashi ngaphezu kwesilinganiso. Isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka emine emva kokutshala. Njengomthetho Izihlahla ze-apula kulezi zihlukahlukene ziletha isivuno kanye ngonyakakodwa ngenkathi imvamisa ihluka.

Izithelo ezivuthiwe zibambelela ngokuqinile emagatsheni futhi aziwa.

Isikhathi sokuvuna esihle ngo-Okthoba. Ukuqoqa i-Apple kuhle kakhulu kwenziwa ezinyathelweni eziningana ukuze zonke izithelo zivuthwe.

Ama-apula avulekile agcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ekugcinweni kwazo zonke izimo zokugcina bangahlala ezinyangeni ezingu-5.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Ukutshala ngokufanele nokunakekelwa kudlala indima ebalulekile empilweni ye-apula. Ngezansi ingxoxo eningiliziwe yemithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekela nokutshala kwezihlahla ze-apula.

Ukulungiselela ukutshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zikaMashi kufanele kuqalwe ngesonto ngaphambi kosuku olulindelekile.

Ukulungiswa kokuqala kuyoba ukukhethwa kwesayithi lokutshala i-apula kanye nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi.

Indawo ekahle yokukhula kuyoba yindawo evulekile kahle.

Ngokuba i-apple yomuthi esizayo kuyadingeka ukulungisa imbobo ekujuleni. akukho ngaphezu kuka-90 cm

Emhlabathini phansi kwe-fossa, kufanele wengeze umanyolo ophilayo.

I-TIP: ukutshala izihlahla ze-apula ngamaqembu. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa inqubo yabo yokuvota imvelo.

Ngomunwe ngamunye kunesikhathi sokutshala kahle.

Ukuze ufike ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zikaMashi, isikhathi esihle kakhulu siyoba: ekupheleni kukaMashi - maphakathi no-Ephreli noma ekupheleni kukaSeptemba - phakathi no-Okthoba.

Ukuze isivuno sama-apula sijabulise wena, kuyo yonke inkathi, umuthi we-apula kufanele uhlinzeke ngokugcwele. Ihlanganisa:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwesihlahla ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi.
2. Ukudubula amagatsha omisiwe nabonakele.
3. Amanxeba okuphulukisa.
4. Ukulungiselela umhlaba (ukukhulula, ukuhlanza ukhula).
5. Ukuphalaza ngokumelene nezinambuzane.
6. Ukuphuza njalo.

Izindlela ezinjalo ezinzima akuzona eziyinkimbinkimbi ekufezeni, noma kunjalo, kuzosiza ukugcina i-apple yakho isimweni esihle.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ukuthola izinambuzane ezihlahleni ze-apula kungumphumela wokunakekelwa kokungalungile kokuqala noma ukungabi khona kwayo.

Ukuqeda izinambuzane zama-apula udinga ukwazi, okokuqala, yiziphi zazo ezikwazi uku:

1. I-aphid eluhlaza. Kubalulekile ukubhubhisa indawo yokuhlala yegciwane, ngakho-ke enye yezinyathelo eziyinhloko izobe isuswe amagxolo awonakele esihlahleni. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungafafaza izinkuni ngesisombululo sokumnika ama-chamomile.
2. Listovertka. Ukuze ulinqobe, kubalulekile ukupakisha isisombululo se karbofos.

3. Apple moth. I-ally eyinhloko izositshala isihlahla ngesixazululo se-chlorophos.

4. Apple Blossom. Enye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu ekuvuneni esizayo. Ukulibhubhisa udinga ukufiphala isihlahla ngesisombululo se-chlorophos noma i-karbofos.

Ngokuphathelene nezifo, izihlahla ze-apula zizinzile. Kodwa lokhu ukumelana kunganciphisa ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungalungile, izimo ezimbi zezulu kanye nezinye izinto ezifanayo.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu:

1. Umdlavuza omnyama Lesi sifo senziwa ngephutha lomuntu. Ukulibhubhisa, kubalulekile ukunciphisa amagatsha awonakele, ukukhipha amagciwane kanye nokuphulukisa amanxeba.
2. Ukushisa amabhaktheriya. Ukuyibeka endaweni, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza nokukhipha imishanguzo emthonjeni wokutheleleka.
3. I-Cytosporosis. Ukuze ulwe ngaphambi kokusila, umuthi kufanele uphathwe nesidakamizwa esithi "Hom", futhi ngemuva kokuchichima ngesisombululo se-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
4. Scab. Isilinganiso esingcono kakhulu singaphula isisombululo se-urea.
5. Idonsa likaMealy. Isifo esasakazeke phakathi kwezihlahla ezincane. Ukuze ulwisane nalo, sebenzisa isisombululo se-sulfur colloidal.
6. Izithelo zibola. Isilinganiso esiyinhloko sokulawulwa kwendawo yokuqhamuka, izithelo ezimele kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha emthini.

Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula March zanda kakhulu ngenxa yezimfanelo zezithelo zawo.

Ukungazitholi ekuhlakuleleni, ukunambitheka okuhle kwezithelo, ukuhlala isikhathi eside nokuhamba kahle kwezokuthutha kwenza kube yizinga elihle kakhulu lezimboni.

Emakhaya, kuzokwenzela abathandi ukuba badle ama-apula yonke ebusika.