Engadini engavamile yaseCentral Russia ayikho iplamu. Izithelo zaso zinenkinga yokuphulukisa impahla, ukunambitheka okumnandi kanye nokucubungula okuhlukahlukene.
Kungani iplamu labalimi bengaphansi kokubaluleka kwe-apula ne-cherry?
Isizathu siwubuhlungu bezinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-samobzplodnyh, ezingenayo i-pollinator efanele kanye nesikhathi sokuvota impova.
Ukucabanga kungenathemba kokufika komhlaba. Indlela yokuphuma kweso simo ukukhethwa kwezakhi ezintsha ezintsha ezivundile ezenzelwe ngqo iBhodi Ephakathi.
Umlando wokuzala
Kuzo zonke izinhlelo ze-pomological system, kunezigaba ezintathu ze-plums ezinemvelaphi ehlukene, naphezu kokuthi kubafundi babo, kunenhlawulo yokhokho wasendle. Lena iplamu ekhaya, isiShayina nesiRussia.
Okhokho bawo basendle babonakala eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule ngenxa yomvutho wokuvota we-cherry plums:
- e-Balkan, eCentral nase-Asia Minor, umgcini weplamu yasekhaya;
- EMpumalanga Ekude nasendaweni yase-Amur - ipulazi lase-Ussurian;
- i-willow ipum enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina;
- ezifundeni zasezintabeni zaseNyakatho Melika - amapulazi aseMelika;
- enyakatho yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika - ipulasitiki yaseCanada.
Konke kuzobe kuhlanganiswe nenqubo yokukhetha, inhloso eyinhloko yokunikeza izithelo eziphezulu izimboni zabathengi, ukusabalalisa iplamu njengezinhlobo ezisezindaweni ezisenyakatho nokuzivumelanisa nokulima.
Izinhlobo ezihlwanyelwe zokuzalana kwabantu ezivela e-Adriatic zafika eYurophu naseRussia njengeplamu yasekhaya. Isigaba esisha ekwakhiweni kwenhlanzi yasekhaya yalezi zinhlobo kwaqala ohlelweni lokuhlolwa kuka-I.V. Michurin.
Izihlahla zezithelo zazigonywe u-Ussuri dick futhi ngokuvamile zaziwa njengezinhlobo zasebusika-eziqinile. Ama-plums aseRashiya. Iplamu yaseShayina wadabula ukulima eCalifornia Breeding Centre, ekuhambeni kwezinhlobo zeMelika.
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Izinhlobonhlobo zeplamu "I-Blue Gift" ibhalisiwe kuRejista Yombuso kamuva nje ngo-2001, futhi yanconywa ukuba isingeniswe esifundeni esiPhakathi.
Izimfanelo eziye zamukeleka kule ndawo yendawo yesimo sezulu zitholakala kulo mbhangqwana olandelayo womzali:
Izinhlobonhlobo "Ochakovskaya yellow" ("Iqanda eliphuzi laseLatvia") - I-old white plum cultivar ekhulile eningizimu yeRussia, iBelarus namazwe aseBaltic.
Izintandokazi:
- ujusi wezithelo ezimnandi zombala ophuzi;
- ukuvuna okuvamile;
- isivuno esikhulu (kufika ku-80 kg ngomuthi ngamunye).
Ukungalungi:
- ukuzimela;
- ukuchithwa nokuqhekeka kwama-plums avuthiwe;
- ukunakekelwa nge-whimsical;
- ukukhungatheka kwemifino efihlekile phakathi nenkathi yamahlumela asehlobo.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Imemori yeTimiryazev" - I-VSTISiP ye-interspecific ehamba phambili, ebhaliswe kuRejista Yombuso kusukela ngo-1959.
Izinzuzo:
- ukuzimela;
- izinga elihle kakhulu lokuhweba nabathengi zezithelo ezibomvu cishe (isilinganiso sokunambitheka - 4.2);
- isivuno esikhulu ngokuhlukahluka okuncane ngokujwayelekile;
- ukumelana nezifo ezitholakalayo;
- ikhono le-hybrid ukululama emiphumeleni emibi yesimo sezulu.
Izinkinga:
- ubusika obunzima obusika.
Izimfanelo ezizuzwa i-hybrid entsha:
- ukuhlanganiswa komuthi ophansi, ohlolwe kahle ezindlini zezimboni;
- ukuzimela;
- isivuno esiphakeme esivamile;
- ukukhangiswa kwempahla yezithelo zomhlaba jikelele, nethambo elilula kalula;
- ukubaluleka okuqakathekile njengesihlahla somunyu sezinkathi zonyaka ophelile;
- ubusika obunzima bama-2.5 amaphuzu;
- ukumelana nezifo ezivamile zezilwane - amaphuzu 2-3.5.
- Ukungabi nalutho kungenye: izithelo zincane kakhulu.
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo zezithelo ze-Middle Belt kufanele kubekelwe ezimweni ezintathu: izinga lezithelo, isivuno kanye nobunzima bebusika. Omunye ngaphandle komunye umcimbi ongafundiwe.
Incazelo plum Blue isipho
Isitshalo esiphakeme (kuze kube ngu-3 m. Ubukhulu); i-trunk ehlanganiswe negrey, i-gark igxuma i-shtamb (60cm); umqhele wesilinganiso esiphakathi, oval in shape. Amagatsha ezinamahlumela enza ukuphakama komqhele.
Amahlumela amancane aqondile, anombala obomvu, enomphetho olula, enza amaqoqo amahlumela. Izinhlobo ezimbili zefihlekile (izitshalo ezitshalayo nezitshalo) zinobukhulu obuphakathi futhi zinqatshelwe ukudubula; ubusika hardiness ukwanda.
Amahlamvu anombala omnyama, ophakathi nendawo, i-lanceolate, ene-scape yobukhulu obuphakathi; amaqabunga amaqabunga aqhathaniswa ohlangothini oluphambili ne-pubescent ngemuva; unqenqemeni ongalingani, owenziwe kahle.
Imbali imhlophe, i-pyatilepestkovy, ku-pedicel engenalutho, eqoqwe ngezimbali ze-inflorescences; I-stamens elilodwa nesigamu limelela isilwane sesilisa futhi sitholakala ngaphezu kwenhlamba ye-pistil (isitho sesifazane), okuvumela ukuba imbali ibe yi-self-pollinated.
Izithelo:
- amancane (ama-gramu angu-14), umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet nge-touch ebonakalayo ye-prune;
- isimo se-oval, sihlangene, suture esisemthethweni esiswini;
- ihlanganiswe egatsheni lezinga eliphakathi;
- inyama yesithelo ayinamanzi amaningi, aqinile, aphuzi-aluhlaza, ane bone elihlukanisiwe kahle;
- ithambo li-7% ngesisindo seplamu;
- ukunambitheka kuhlanganisa ubumnandi ngobunzima futhi kubalwa ngesilinganiso esinambitha samaphuzu angu-4.
Ukulungiswa komuthi for fruiting - Unyaka ongu-4 kusuka ekuthumeni. Izinsuku zokukhula zihambelana nomhlaka wamashumi amabili ka-Agasti.
Hlunga elibhekwa ukuvuna okujwayelekile (kuze kube ngu-35kg esihlahleni). Izithelo zilingana nokusetshenziswa okusha, ukomisa, ukukhanda nokucubungula.
Isikhathi somkhiqizo wokukhiqiza umuthi iminyaka engu-21.
Akekho ozomangala ngepareya elihlanganisiwe phezu komuthi we-apula, noma i-cherry efakwe efakwe kwi-plum. Ngo-2008, isazi sezinto zasendulo saseMelika sakwazi ukutshala izinhlobo ezingu-40 zezithelo zamatshe emthini owodwa, okwamanje uqhakaza ngemibala ehlukene futhi uthwale izithelo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngakho uzama ukusindisa izinzalo eziphilayo ezisengozini yezitshalo zezithelo.
Isithombe
Bona izithombe ezimbalwa zeplamu "I-Blue Gift" ngezansi:
Ukunakekela
Njengeplamu ekhaya "isipho esibhakabhaka" samukela zonke izinyathelo zokulima nokutshala izihlahla zezithelo zalolu hlobo. Kungenzeka yini ukuyitshala engxenyeni engezansi yomthambeko, ngoba uthanda umswakama, kodwa akufanele ulindele ukuthi uzobe ubekezela ukuqhuma kwamanzi aqhakazile entwasahlobo noma emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.
Uthanda indawo yokukhosela ephephile emoyeni oqinile, kodwa, enqotshwe amakhanda amancane omakhelwane bakhe (ama-apula, amapheya), esongela ukuba abe "omningi" omude ngokukhiqiza okunciphise.
Izimfanelo ze-Flavour zesithelo zizoxhomeke ngqo kunani lelanga nokushisa, okuwela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Izinyathelo zokunakekela okukhethekile:
- Umuthi we-plum unesici esisodwa esingasichitha ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza: ukuqhekeza amagxolo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokukhula okujulile komuthi noma ukushisa kwehla lokungena emngceleni wentswasahlobo nobusika, lapho ikhava yangaphandle ye-trunk iqhuma ngamapulangwe okuvuvukala noma igoli elivuthayo elangeni elicindezeleke kakhulu ebusuku.
- Uma uphahla esihlakalweni sikhula ngesikhathi esifanayo, akukho nhlobo epulazini. Kodwa ukushisa kwehlobo elomile, elithatha indawo ye-spring, kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokufa kwesitshalo ekuqhekekeni kwamagxolo: ukutheleleka kungangena ekuqhekekeni, ngokukhula kwabo kuqala, izicubu zime. Lokhu kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwe-sap.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela - intwasahlobo yasentwasahlobo ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili wokuphila kweplamu, lapho isikhunta esihlahleni sinqunywe ngommese obukhali ngokujikeleza kwe-20 cm. Ukujula okweqile akufanele kudlulele ukuqina kwamagxolo, futhi imifula isakazwa ngokushesha nge-pitch, bese iphinda le nqubo njalo eminyakeni emine.
"Isipho esibhakabhaka" - izinhlobo ezinokwethenjelwa engadini yaseRussia, ngakho-ke isipho. Kulungile, kuzophenduka okwesibhakabhaka kuphela ekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho izithelo zalo zivuthwa.
